2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20 * without specific prior written permission.
22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 static const char copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";
45 static const char rcsid[] =
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
52 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
72 #include <sys/reboot.h>
82 #include <login_cap.h>
86 #include "pathnames.h"
89 * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
91 #define GETTY_SPACING 5 /* N secs minimum getty spacing */
92 #define GETTY_SLEEP 30 /* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
93 #define GETTY_NSPACE 3 /* max. spacing count to bring reaction */
94 #define WINDOW_WAIT 3 /* wait N secs after starting window */
95 #define STALL_TIMEOUT 30 /* wait N secs after warning */
96 #define DEATH_WATCH 10 /* wait N secs for procs to die */
97 #define DEATH_SCRIPT 120 /* wait for 2min for /etc/rc.shutdown */
98 #define RESOURCE_RC "daemon"
99 #define RESOURCE_WINDOW "default"
100 #define RESOURCE_GETTY "default"
102 static void handle(sig_t, ...);
103 static void delset(sigset_t *, ...);
105 static void stall(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
106 static void warning(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
107 static void emergency(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
108 static void disaster(int);
109 static void revoke_ttys(void);
110 static int runshutdown(void);
111 static char *strk(char *);
114 * We really need a recursive typedef...
115 * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
116 * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
118 typedef long (*state_func_t)(void);
119 typedef state_func_t (*state_t)(void);
121 static state_func_t single_user(void);
122 static state_func_t runcom(void);
123 static state_func_t read_ttys(void);
124 static state_func_t multi_user(void);
125 static state_func_t clean_ttys(void);
126 static state_func_t catatonia(void);
127 static state_func_t death(void);
128 static state_func_t death_single(void);
129 static state_func_t reroot(void);
130 static state_func_t reroot_phase_two(void);
132 static state_func_t run_script(const char *);
134 static enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
138 static int Reboot = FALSE;
139 static int howto = RB_AUTOBOOT;
142 static char *init_path_argv0;
144 static void transition(state_t);
145 static state_t requested_transition;
146 static state_t current_state = death_single;
148 static void execute_script(char *argv[]);
149 static void open_console(void);
150 static const char *get_shell(void);
151 static void replace_init(char *path);
152 static void write_stderr(const char *message);
154 typedef struct init_session {
155 pid_t se_process; /* controlling process */
156 time_t se_started; /* used to avoid thrashing */
157 int se_flags; /* status of session */
158 #define SE_SHUTDOWN 0x1 /* session won't be restarted */
159 #define SE_PRESENT 0x2 /* session is in /etc/ttys */
160 #define SE_IFEXISTS 0x4 /* session defined as "onifexists" */
161 #define SE_IFCONSOLE 0x8 /* session defined as "onifconsole" */
162 int se_nspace; /* spacing count */
163 char *se_device; /* filename of port */
164 char *se_getty; /* what to run on that port */
165 char *se_getty_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
166 char **se_getty_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
167 char *se_window; /* window system (started only once) */
168 char *se_window_argv_space; /* pre-parsed argument array space */
169 char **se_window_argv; /* pre-parsed argument array */
170 char *se_type; /* default terminal type */
171 struct init_session *se_prev;
172 struct init_session *se_next;
175 static void free_session(session_t *);
176 static session_t *new_session(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
177 static session_t *sessions;
179 static char **construct_argv(char *);
180 static void start_window_system(session_t *);
181 static void collect_child(pid_t);
182 static pid_t start_getty(session_t *);
183 static void transition_handler(int);
184 static void alrm_handler(int);
185 static void setsecuritylevel(int);
186 static int getsecuritylevel(void);
187 static int setupargv(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
189 static void setprocresources(const char *);
193 static int start_session_db(void);
194 static void add_session(session_t *);
195 static void del_session(session_t *);
196 static session_t *find_session(pid_t);
197 static DB *session_db;
200 * The mother of all processes.
203 main(int argc, char *argv[])
205 state_t initial_transition = runcom;
206 char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
211 /* Dispose of random users. */
213 errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
215 /* System V users like to reexec init. */
217 #ifdef COMPAT_SYSV_INIT
218 /* So give them what they want */
220 if (strlen(argv[1]) == 1) {
221 char runlevel = *argv[1];
225 case '0': /* halt + poweroff */
228 case '1': /* single-user */
231 case '6': /* reboot */
234 case 'c': /* block further logins */
237 case 'q': /* rescan /etc/ttys */
240 case 'r': /* remount root */
250 errx(1, "invalid run-level ``%s''", argv[1]);
253 errx(1, "already running");
256 init_path_argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
257 if (init_path_argv0 == NULL)
261 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
262 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
264 openlog("init", LOG_CONS, LOG_AUTH);
267 * Create an initial session.
269 if (setsid() < 0 && (errno != EPERM || getsid(0) != 1))
270 warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
273 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
274 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
276 if (setlogin("root") < 0)
277 warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
280 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
281 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
283 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dsfr")) != -1)
289 initial_transition = single_user;
292 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
295 initial_transition = reroot_phase_two;
298 warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
303 warning("ignoring excess arguments");
306 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
307 * so that they get reset on exec.
309 handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
310 SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, 0);
311 handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
312 SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
313 handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
315 delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
316 SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
317 SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
318 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
319 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
321 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
322 sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, NULL);
323 sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, NULL);
332 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_exec", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
333 replace_init(kenv_value);
334 _exit(0); /* reboot */
337 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_script", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
338 state_func_t next_transition;
340 if ((next_transition = run_script(kenv_value)) != NULL)
341 initial_transition = (state_t) next_transition;
344 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_chroot", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
345 if (chdir(kenv_value) != 0 || chroot(".") != 0)
346 warning("Can't chroot to %s: %m", kenv_value);
350 * Additional check if devfs needs to be mounted:
351 * If "/" and "/dev" have the same device number,
352 * then it hasn't been mounted yet.
359 root_devno = stst.st_dev;
360 if (stat("/dev", &stst) != 0)
361 warning("Can't stat /dev: %m");
362 else if (stst.st_dev == root_devno)
371 char _fstype[] = "fstype";
372 char _devfs[] = "devfs";
373 char _fspath[] = "fspath";
374 char _path_dev[]= _PATH_DEV;
376 iov[0].iov_base = _fstype;
377 iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(_fstype);
378 iov[1].iov_base = _devfs;
379 iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(_devfs);
380 iov[2].iov_base = _fspath;
381 iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(_fspath);
383 * Try to avoid the trailing slash in _PATH_DEV.
384 * Be *very* defensive.
386 s = strdup(_PATH_DEV);
389 if (i > 0 && s[i - 1] == '/')
392 iov[3].iov_len = strlen(s) + 1;
394 iov[3].iov_base = _path_dev;
395 iov[3].iov_len = sizeof(_path_dev);
402 if (initial_transition != reroot_phase_two) {
404 * Unmount reroot leftovers. This runs after init(8)
405 * gets reexecuted after reroot_phase_two() is done.
407 error = unmount(_PATH_REROOT, MNT_FORCE);
408 if (error != 0 && errno != EINVAL)
409 warning("Cannot unmount %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT);
413 * Start the state machine.
415 transition(initial_transition);
418 * Should never reach here.
424 * Associate a function with a signal handler.
427 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
431 sigset_t mask_everything;
433 va_start(ap, handler);
435 sa.sa_handler = handler;
436 sigfillset(&mask_everything);
438 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
439 sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
440 /* XXX SA_RESTART? */
441 sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
442 sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
448 * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
451 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
457 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
458 sigdelset(maskp, sig);
463 * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
464 * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
465 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
468 stall(const char *message, ...)
471 va_start(ap, message);
473 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
475 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
479 * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
480 * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
481 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
484 warning(const char *message, ...)
487 va_start(ap, message);
489 vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
494 * Log an emergency message.
495 * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
498 emergency(const char *message, ...)
501 va_start(ap, message);
503 vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
508 * Catch an unexpected signal.
514 emergency("fatal signal: %s",
515 (unsigned)sig < NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
517 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
518 _exit(sig); /* reboot */
522 * Get the security level of the kernel.
525 getsecuritylevel(void)
527 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
528 int name[2], curlevel;
532 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
533 len = sizeof curlevel;
534 if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
535 emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %m");
545 * Set the security level of the kernel.
548 setsecuritylevel(int newlevel)
550 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
551 int name[2], curlevel;
553 curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
554 if (newlevel == curlevel)
557 name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
558 if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
560 "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %m",
565 warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
572 * Change states in the finite state machine.
573 * The initial state is passed as an argument.
576 transition(state_t s)
581 current_state = (state_t) (*current_state)();
585 * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
586 * Only called by children of init after forking.
594 * Try to open /dev/console. Open the device with O_NONBLOCK to
595 * prevent potential blocking on a carrier.
597 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
598 if ((fd = open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)) != -1) {
599 (void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & ~O_NONBLOCK);
600 if (login_tty(fd) == 0)
605 /* No luck. Log output to file if possible. */
606 if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
607 stall("cannot open null device.");
610 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
611 dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
614 fd = open(_PATH_INITLOG, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644);
616 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
617 else if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
618 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
621 dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
627 static char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
629 if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_shell", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0)
636 write_stderr(const char *message)
639 write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
643 read_file(const char *path, void **bufp, size_t *bufsizep)
651 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
653 emergency("%s: %m", path);
657 error = fstat(fd, &sb);
659 emergency("fstat: %m");
664 bufsize = sb.st_size;
665 buf = malloc(bufsize);
667 emergency("malloc: %m");
672 nbytes = read(fd, buf, bufsize);
673 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
674 emergency("read: %m");
682 emergency("close: %m");
694 create_file(const char *path, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
699 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0700);
701 emergency("%s: %m", path);
705 nbytes = write(fd, buf, bufsize);
706 if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
707 emergency("write: %m");
714 emergency("close: %m");
722 mount_tmpfs(const char *fspath)
730 memset(errmsg, 0, sizeof(errmsg));
731 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fstype",
732 __DECONST(void *, "tmpfs"), (size_t)-1);
733 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fspath",
734 __DECONST(void *, fspath), (size_t)-1);
735 build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "errmsg",
736 errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
738 error = nmount(iov, iovlen, 0);
740 if (*errmsg != '\0') {
741 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s: %m",
744 emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %m",
766 * Make sure nobody can interfere with our scheme.
767 * Ignore ESRCH, which can apparently happen when
768 * there are no processes to kill.
770 error = kill(-1, SIGKILL);
771 if (error != 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
772 emergency("kill(2) failed: %m");
777 * Copy the init binary into tmpfs, so that we can unmount
778 * the old rootfs without committing suicide.
780 error = read_file(init_path_argv0, &buf, &bufsize);
783 error = mount_tmpfs(_PATH_REROOT);
786 error = create_file(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, buf, bufsize);
791 * Execute the temporary init.
793 execl(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, _PATH_REROOT_INIT, "-r", NULL);
794 emergency("cannot exec %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT_INIT);
797 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
799 return (state_func_t) single_user;
803 reroot_phase_two(void)
805 char init_path[PATH_MAX], *path, *path_component;
806 size_t init_path_len;
810 * Ask the kernel to mount the new rootfs.
812 error = reboot(RB_REROOT);
814 emergency("RB_REBOOT failed: %m");
819 * Figure out where the destination init(8) binary is. Note that
820 * the path could be different than what we've started with. Use
821 * the value from kenv, if set, or the one from sysctl otherwise.
822 * The latter defaults to a hardcoded value, but can be overridden
823 * by a build time option.
825 nbytes = kenv(KENV_GET, "init_path", init_path, sizeof(init_path));
827 init_path_len = sizeof(init_path);
828 error = sysctlbyname("kern.init_path",
829 init_path, &init_path_len, NULL, 0);
831 emergency("failed to retrieve kern.init_path: %m");
837 * Repeat the init search logic from sys/kern/init_path.c
839 path_component = init_path;
840 while ((path = strsep(&path_component, ":")) != NULL) {
842 * Execute init(8) from the new rootfs.
844 execl(path, path, NULL);
846 emergency("cannot exec init from %s: %m", init_path);
849 emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
850 return (state_func_t) single_user;
854 * Bring the system up single user.
864 struct timeval tv, tn;
868 static const char banner[] =
869 "Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
870 char *clear, *password;
877 /* Instead of going single user, let's reboot the machine */
879 if (reboot(howto) == -1) {
880 emergency("reboot(%#x) failed, %m", howto);
881 _exit(1); /* panic and reboot */
883 warning("reboot(%#x) returned", howto);
884 _exit(0); /* panic as well */
889 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
891 * Start the single user session.
897 * Check the root password.
898 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
899 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
901 typ = getttynam("console");
902 pp = getpwnam("root");
903 if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 &&
904 pp && *pp->pw_passwd) {
905 write_stderr(banner);
907 clear = getpass("Password:");
908 if (clear == NULL || *clear == '\0')
910 password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
911 explicit_bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
912 if (password != NULL &&
913 strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
915 warning("single-user login failed\n");
927 #define SHREQUEST "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for "
928 write_stderr(SHREQUEST);
931 while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
932 num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
935 if (altshell[0] != '\0')
938 #endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
942 * We catch all the interesting ones,
943 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
946 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
950 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
958 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
959 execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
960 emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
961 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
967 * We are seriously hosed. Do our best.
969 emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
970 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
972 return (state_func_t) single_user;
975 requested_transition = 0;
977 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
982 warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
983 return (state_func_t) single_user;
985 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
986 warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
990 } while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
992 if (requested_transition)
993 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
995 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
996 if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
998 * reboot(8) killed shell?
1000 warning("single user shell terminated.");
1001 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1003 tv.tv_sec += STALL_TIMEOUT;
1004 while (tv.tv_sec > tn.tv_sec || (tv.tv_sec ==
1005 tn.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec > tn.tv_usec)) {
1007 gettimeofday(&tn, NULL);
1011 warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
1012 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1016 runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
1017 return (state_func_t) runcom;
1021 * Run the system startup script.
1026 state_func_t next_transition;
1028 if ((next_transition = run_script(_PATH_RUNCOM)) != NULL)
1029 return next_transition;
1031 runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT; /* the default */
1032 return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
1036 execute_script(char *argv[])
1038 struct sigaction sa;
1039 const char *shell, *script;
1042 bzero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
1043 sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1044 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1045 sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, NULL);
1046 sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
1050 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, NULL);
1052 setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1056 * Try to directly execute the script first. If it
1057 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1058 * to sh(1). Don't complain if it fails because of
1059 * the missing execute bit.
1062 error = access(script, X_OK);
1064 execv(script, argv + 1);
1065 warning("can't directly exec %s: %m", script);
1066 } else if (errno != EACCES) {
1067 warning("can't access %s: %m", script);
1070 shell = get_shell();
1072 stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, script);
1076 * Execute binary, replacing init(8) as PID 1.
1079 replace_init(char *path)
1088 execute_script(argv);
1092 * Run a shell script.
1093 * Returns 0 on success, otherwise the next transition to enter:
1094 * - single_user if fork/execv/waitpid failed, or if the script
1095 * terminated with a signal or exit code != 0.
1096 * - death_single if a SIGTERM was delivered to init(8).
1099 run_script(const char *script)
1106 shell = get_shell();
1108 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1111 char _autoboot[] = "autoboot";
1114 argv[1] = __DECONST(char *, script);
1115 argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? _autoboot : 0;
1118 execute_script(argv);
1119 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1120 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1124 emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, script);
1125 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1127 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1128 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1132 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1134 requested_transition = 0;
1136 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1137 collect_child(wpid);
1139 if (requested_transition == death_single ||
1140 requested_transition == reroot)
1141 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1144 warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1145 "single user mode", shell, script);
1146 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1148 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1149 warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1154 } while (wpid != pid);
1156 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1157 requested_transition == catatonia) {
1158 /* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
1166 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1167 warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single "
1168 "user mode", shell, script);
1169 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1172 if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
1173 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1175 return (state_func_t) 0;
1179 * Open the session database.
1181 * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
1184 start_session_db(void)
1186 if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
1187 emergency("session database close: %m");
1188 if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == NULL) {
1189 emergency("session database open: %m");
1197 * Add a new login session.
1200 add_session(session_t *sp)
1205 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1206 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1208 data.size = sizeof sp;
1210 if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
1211 emergency("insert %d: %m", sp->se_process);
1215 * Delete an old login session.
1218 del_session(session_t *sp)
1222 key.data = &sp->se_process;
1223 key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1225 if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
1226 emergency("delete %d: %m", sp->se_process);
1230 * Look up a login session by pid.
1233 find_session(pid_t pid)
1240 key.size = sizeof pid;
1241 if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
1243 bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
1248 * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
1251 construct_argv(char *command)
1254 char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
1257 if ((argv[argc++] = strk(command)) == NULL) {
1261 while ((argv[argc++] = strk((char *) 0)) != NULL)
1267 * Deallocate a session descriptor.
1270 free_session(session_t *sp)
1272 free(sp->se_device);
1275 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1276 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1278 if (sp->se_window) {
1279 free(sp->se_window);
1280 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1281 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1289 * Allocate a new session descriptor.
1290 * Mark it SE_PRESENT.
1293 new_session(session_t *sprev, struct ttyent *typ)
1297 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1298 typ->ty_name == 0 ||
1302 sp = (session_t *) calloc(1, sizeof (session_t));
1304 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1306 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFEXISTS) != 0)
1307 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFEXISTS;
1309 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFCONSOLE) != 0)
1310 sp->se_flags |= SE_IFCONSOLE;
1312 if (asprintf(&sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1315 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1321 if (sprev == NULL) {
1325 sprev->se_next = sp;
1326 sp->se_prev = sprev;
1333 * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
1336 setupargv(session_t *sp, struct ttyent *typ)
1341 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1342 free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1344 if (asprintf(&sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1346 sp->se_getty_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_getty);
1347 sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1348 if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
1349 warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
1351 free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1352 sp->se_getty = sp->se_getty_argv_space = 0;
1355 if (sp->se_window) {
1356 free(sp->se_window);
1357 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1358 free(sp->se_window_argv);
1360 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1361 sp->se_window_argv = 0;
1362 if (typ->ty_window) {
1363 sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
1364 sp->se_window_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_window);
1365 sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1366 if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
1367 warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1369 free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1370 free(sp->se_window);
1371 sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1377 sp->se_type = typ->ty_type ? strdup(typ->ty_type) : 0;
1382 * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1387 session_t *sp, *snext;
1391 * Destroy any previous session state.
1392 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1394 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1395 snext = sp->se_next;
1399 if (start_session_db())
1400 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1403 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1404 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1406 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1407 if ((snext = new_session(sp, typ)) != NULL)
1412 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1416 * Start a window system running.
1419 start_window_system(session_t *sp)
1423 char term[64], *env[2];
1426 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1427 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1429 /* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1433 waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
1437 /* reparent window process to the init to not make a zombie on exit */
1438 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1439 emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1447 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1450 emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1453 setprocresources(RESOURCE_WINDOW);
1456 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1457 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1458 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1464 execve(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv, env);
1465 stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1466 sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1471 * Start a login session running.
1474 start_getty(session_t *sp)
1478 time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1480 char term[64], *env[2];
1482 if (current_time >= sp->se_started &&
1483 current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1484 if (++sp->se_nspace > GETTY_NSPACE) {
1492 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1494 if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1495 emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1503 warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping %d secs",
1504 sp->se_device, GETTY_SLEEP);
1505 sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1508 if (sp->se_window) {
1509 start_window_system(sp);
1514 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1517 setprocresources(RESOURCE_GETTY);
1520 /* Don't use malloc after fork */
1521 strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1522 strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1527 execve(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv, env);
1528 stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1529 sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1534 * Return 1 if the session is defined as "onifexists"
1535 * or "onifconsole" and the device node does not exist.
1538 session_has_no_tty(session_t *sp)
1542 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_IFEXISTS) == 0 &&
1543 (sp->se_flags & SE_IFCONSOLE) == 0)
1546 fd = open(sp->se_device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
1548 if (errno == ENOENT)
1558 * Collect exit status for a child.
1559 * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1562 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1564 session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1569 if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1575 if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN ||
1576 session_has_no_tty(sp)) {
1577 if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1578 sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1580 sessions = sp->se_next;
1581 if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1582 snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1587 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1588 /* serious trouble */
1589 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1593 sp->se_process = pid;
1594 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1599 * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1602 transition_handler(int sig)
1607 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1608 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1609 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1612 howto = RB_POWEROFF;
1617 if (sig == SIGWINCH)
1618 howto |= RB_POWERCYCLE;
1621 if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1622 current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1623 requested_transition = death;
1625 requested_transition = death_single;
1628 if (current_state == runcom || current_state == read_ttys ||
1629 current_state == clean_ttys ||
1630 current_state == multi_user || current_state == catatonia)
1631 requested_transition = catatonia;
1634 requested_transition = reroot;
1637 requested_transition = 0;
1643 * Take the system multiuser.
1651 requested_transition = 0;
1654 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1655 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1656 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1657 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1659 if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1660 setsecuritylevel(1);
1662 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1665 if (session_has_no_tty(sp))
1667 if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1668 /* serious trouble */
1669 requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1672 sp->se_process = pid;
1673 sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1677 while (!requested_transition)
1678 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1681 return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1685 * This is an (n*2)+(n^2) algorithm. We hope it isn't run often...
1690 session_t *sp, *sprev;
1693 char *old_getty, *old_window, *old_type;
1696 * mark all sessions for death, (!SE_PRESENT)
1697 * as we find or create new ones they'll be marked as keepers,
1698 * we'll later nuke all the ones not found in /etc/ttys
1700 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next)
1701 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1703 devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1704 while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1705 for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1706 if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1710 /* we want this one to live */
1711 sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1712 if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1713 typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1714 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1715 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1718 sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1719 old_getty = sp->se_getty ? strdup(sp->se_getty) : 0;
1720 old_window = sp->se_window ? strdup(sp->se_window) : 0;
1721 old_type = sp->se_type ? strdup(sp->se_type) : 0;
1722 if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1723 warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1725 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1726 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1728 else if ( !old_getty
1729 || (!old_type && sp->se_type)
1730 || (old_type && !sp->se_type)
1731 || (!old_window && sp->se_window)
1732 || (old_window && !sp->se_window)
1733 || (strcmp(old_getty, sp->se_getty) != 0)
1734 || (old_window && strcmp(old_window, sp->se_window) != 0)
1735 || (old_type && strcmp(old_type, sp->se_type) != 0)
1737 /* Don't set SE_SHUTDOWN here */
1740 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1751 new_session(sprev, typ);
1757 * sweep through and kill all deleted sessions
1758 * ones who's /etc/ttys line was deleted (SE_PRESENT unset)
1760 for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next) {
1761 if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1762 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1763 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1767 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1771 * Block further logins.
1778 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1779 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1781 return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1788 alrm_handler(int sig)
1796 * Bring the system down to single user.
1804 /* Temporarily block suspend. */
1805 len = sizeof(blocked);
1807 if (sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", &blocked, &len,
1808 &block, sizeof(block)) == -1)
1812 * Also revoke the TTY here. Because runshutdown() may reopen
1813 * the TTY whose getty we're killing here, there is no guarantee
1814 * runshutdown() will perform the initial open() call, causing
1815 * the terminal attributes to be misconfigured.
1819 /* Try to run the rc.shutdown script within a period of time */
1822 /* Unblock suspend if we blocked it. */
1824 sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", NULL, NULL,
1825 &blocked, sizeof(blocked));
1827 return (state_func_t) death_single;
1831 * Do what is necessary to reinitialize single user mode or reboot
1832 * from an incomplete state.
1839 static const int death_sigs[2] = { SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1841 revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
1843 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
1844 if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1845 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1850 if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1852 while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1854 if (errno == ECHILD)
1855 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1858 warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1860 return (state_func_t) single_user;
1868 for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1869 sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1870 kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1871 revoke(sp->se_device);
1876 * Run the system shutdown script.
1878 * Exit codes: XXX I should document more
1879 * -2 shutdown script terminated abnormally
1880 * -1 fatal error - can't run script
1882 * >0 some error (exit code)
1889 int shutdowntimeout;
1895 * rc.shutdown is optional, so to prevent any unnecessary
1896 * complaints from the shell we simply don't run it if the
1897 * file does not exist. If the stat() here fails for other
1898 * reasons, we'll let the shell complain.
1900 if (stat(_PATH_RUNDOWN, &sb) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
1903 if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1905 char _reboot[] = "reboot";
1906 char _single[] = "single";
1907 char _path_rundown[] = _PATH_RUNDOWN;
1910 argv[1] = _path_rundown;
1911 argv[2] = Reboot ? _reboot : _single;
1914 execute_script(argv);
1915 _exit(1); /* force single user mode */
1919 emergency("can't fork for %s: %m", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1920 while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1922 sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1926 len = sizeof(shutdowntimeout);
1927 if (sysctlbyname("kern.init_shutdown_timeout", &shutdowntimeout, &len,
1928 NULL, 0) == -1 || shutdowntimeout < 2)
1929 shutdowntimeout = DEATH_SCRIPT;
1930 alarm(shutdowntimeout);
1933 * Copied from single_user(). This is a bit paranoid.
1934 * Use the same ALRM handler.
1937 if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1938 collect_child(wpid);
1940 /* we were waiting for the sub-shell */
1941 kill(wpid, SIGTERM);
1942 warning("timeout expired for %s: %m; going to "
1943 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1949 warning("wait for %s failed: %m; going to "
1950 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1953 if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1954 warning("init: %s stopped, restarting\n",
1959 } while (wpid != pid && !clang);
1961 /* Turn off the alarm */
1964 if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1965 requested_transition == catatonia) {
1967 * /etc/rc.shutdown executed /sbin/reboot;
1968 * wait for the end quietly
1977 if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1978 warning("%s terminated abnormally, going to "
1979 "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1983 if ((status = WEXITSTATUS(status)) != 0)
1984 warning("%s returned status %d", _PATH_RUNDOWN, status);
2002 while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' )
2012 while (c && c != '\'')
2014 if (!c) /* unterminated string */
2019 while (c && c != ' ' && c != '\t' )
2030 setprocresources(const char *cname)
2033 if ((lc = login_getclassbyname(cname, NULL)) != NULL) {
2034 setusercontext(lc, (struct passwd*)NULL, 0,
2036 LOGIN_SETPRIORITY | LOGIN_SETRESOURCES |
2037 LOGIN_SETLOGINCLASS | LOGIN_SETCPUMASK);