2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c 8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
50 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
52 #include <sys/resource.h>
65 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
67 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
71 * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
74 #define POWEROF2(num) (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
76 static struct csum *fscs;
77 #define sblock disk.d_fs
81 struct ufs1_dinode dp1;
82 struct ufs2_dinode dp2;
84 #define DIP(dp, field) \
85 ((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) ? \
86 (dp)->dp1.field : (dp)->dp2.field)
89 static long iobufsize;
90 static ufs2_daddr_t alloc(int size, int mode);
91 static int charsperline(void);
92 static void clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
93 static void fsinit(time_t);
94 static int ilog2(int);
95 static void initcg(int, time_t);
96 static int isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
97 static void iput(union dinode *, ino_t);
98 static int makedir(struct direct *, int);
99 static void setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
100 static void wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t, int, char *);
101 static u_int32_t newfs_random(void);
104 do_sbwrite(struct uufsd *disk)
107 disk->d_sblock = disk->d_fs.fs_sblockloc / disk->d_bsize;
108 return (pwrite(disk->d_fd, &disk->d_fs, SBLOCKSIZE, (off_t)((part_ofs +
109 disk->d_sblock) * disk->d_bsize)));
113 mkfs(struct partition *pp, char *fsys)
115 int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg;
122 int minfragsperinode; /* minimum ratio of frags to inodes */
123 char tmpbuf[100]; /* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
126 char cdummy[SBLOCKSIZE];
128 #define fsdummy dummy.fdummy
129 #define chdummy dummy.cdummy
132 * Our blocks == sector size, and the version of UFS we are using is
133 * specified by Oflag.
135 disk.d_bsize = sectorsize;
143 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
146 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
148 strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, volumelabel, MAXVOLLEN);
150 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_GJOURNAL;
152 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_MULTILABEL;
154 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_TRIM;
156 * Validate the given file system size.
157 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
158 * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
161 printf("preposterous size %jd\n", (intmax_t)fssize);
164 wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize,
167 * collect and verify the file system density info
169 sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
170 sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir;
171 if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
172 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
173 sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
174 if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
175 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
176 sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
180 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
182 sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
183 sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
184 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
185 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
189 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
190 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
194 if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
195 printf("increasing fragment size from %d to sector size (%d)\n",
196 sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
197 sblock.fs_fsize = sectorsize;
199 if (sblock.fs_bsize > MAXBSIZE) {
200 printf("decreasing block size from %d to maximum (%d)\n",
201 sblock.fs_bsize, MAXBSIZE);
202 sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
204 if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
205 printf("increasing block size from %d to minimum (%d)\n",
206 sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
207 sblock.fs_bsize = MINBSIZE;
209 if (sblock.fs_fsize > MAXBSIZE) {
210 printf("decreasing fragment size from %d to maximum (%d)\n",
211 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXBSIZE);
212 sblock.fs_fsize = MAXBSIZE;
214 if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
215 printf("increasing block size from %d to fragment size (%d)\n",
216 sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
217 sblock.fs_bsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
219 if (sblock.fs_fsize * MAXFRAG < sblock.fs_bsize) {
221 "increasing fragment size from %d to block size / %d (%d)\n",
222 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXFRAG, sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
223 sblock.fs_fsize = sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG;
227 if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) {
228 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
229 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
230 } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
231 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
232 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
234 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
237 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
238 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering
239 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
240 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
243 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize);
244 sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
245 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
246 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
247 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
249 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
250 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
251 sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
252 sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
253 sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
254 sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
255 sblock.fs_bshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_bsize);
256 sblock.fs_fshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize);
257 sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
258 sblock.fs_fragshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_frag);
259 if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
260 printf("fragment size %d is still too small (can't happen)\n",
261 sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
264 sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
265 sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
268 * Before the filesystem is finally initialized, mark it
269 * as incompletely initialized.
271 sblock.fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
274 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
275 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t);
276 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
277 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) *
278 sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t));
279 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
280 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
281 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
282 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
283 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
284 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
285 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
286 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
287 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
288 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
289 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
290 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1;
291 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
293 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
294 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t);
295 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
296 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) *
297 sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t));
300 roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
302 sblock.fs_cblkno = sblock.fs_sblkno +
303 roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
304 sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
305 sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
306 for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
307 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
308 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
312 * It's impossible to create a snapshot in case that fs_maxfilesize
313 * is smaller than the fssize.
315 if (sblock.fs_maxfilesize < (u_quad_t)fssize) {
316 warnx("WARNING: You will be unable to create snapshots on this "
317 "file system. Correct by using a larger blocksize.");
321 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
323 * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder
324 * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks
325 * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once
326 * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least
327 * MINCYLGRPS cylinder groups. Once this goal is achieved, we
328 * pack as many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit.
330 * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we
331 * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce
332 * the density until it fits.
334 maxinum = (((int64_t)(1)) << 32) - INOPB(&sblock);
335 minfragsperinode = 1 + fssize / maxinum;
337 density = MAX(NFPI, minfragsperinode) * fsize;
338 } else if (density < minfragsperinode * fsize) {
339 origdensity = density;
340 density = minfragsperinode * fsize;
341 fprintf(stderr, "density increased from %d to %d\n",
342 origdensity, density);
344 origdensity = density;
346 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
347 if (fragsperinode < minfragsperinode) {
350 printf("Block size too small for a file system %s %d\n",
351 "of this size. Increasing blocksize to", bsize);
354 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
355 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
356 minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
357 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
358 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
359 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
360 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
361 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
362 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
364 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
365 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
366 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
367 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
368 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
370 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
372 density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
374 if (density != origdensity)
375 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density);
377 * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until
378 * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups
379 * drops below MINCYLGRPS, or we reach the size requested.
380 * For UFS1 inodes per cylinder group are stored in an int16_t
381 * so fs_ipg is limited to 2^15 - 1.
383 for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) {
384 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
386 if (Oflag > 1 || (Oflag == 1 && sblock.fs_ipg <= 0x7fff)) {
387 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < MINCYLGRPS)
389 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
391 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
394 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
395 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
400 * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks
401 * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks
402 * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more
403 * blocks into the last cylinder group.
405 optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
407 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
408 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
409 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
410 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) {
411 printf("Filesystem size %jd < minimum size of %d\n",
412 (intmax_t)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
415 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
416 sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
418 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
419 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
422 if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
423 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n",
424 optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group");
425 sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
426 sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
428 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
429 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
430 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
431 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
434 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
436 sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
438 fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
439 fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
441 errx(31, "calloc failed");
442 sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
443 if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
444 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
445 sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
447 sblock.fs_maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(sblock.fs_bsize);
449 sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
450 sblock.fs_optim = opt;
451 sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
452 sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
453 sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
458 sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)utime;
459 sblock.fs_id[1] = newfs_random();
460 sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
461 csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
462 sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
463 sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
464 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
465 fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
466 howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
467 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
468 fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
469 (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
470 sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
471 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - ROOTINO;
472 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
473 sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
474 sblock.fs_time = utime;
476 sblock.fs_old_time = utime;
477 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
478 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
479 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
480 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
481 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
482 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
486 * Dump out summary information about file system.
488 # define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
489 printf("%s: %.1fMB (%jd sectors) block size %d, fragment size %d\n",
490 fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
491 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size), sblock.fs_bsize,
493 printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, %d inodes.\n",
494 sblock.fs_ncg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
495 sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
496 if (sblock.fs_flags & FS_DOSOFTDEP)
497 printf("\twith soft updates\n");
500 if (Eflag && !Nflag) {
501 printf("Erasing sectors [%jd...%jd]\n",
502 sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize,
503 fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) - 1);
504 berase(&disk, sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize,
505 sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize - sblock.fs_sblockloc);
508 * Wipe out old UFS1 superblock(s) if necessary.
510 if (!Nflag && Oflag != 1) {
511 i = bread(&disk, part_ofs + SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize, chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
513 err(1, "can't read old UFS1 superblock: %s", disk.d_error);
515 if (fsdummy.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
516 fsdummy.fs_magic = 0;
517 bwrite(&disk, part_ofs + SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize,
518 chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
519 for (cg = 0; cg < fsdummy.fs_ncg; cg++)
520 bwrite(&disk, part_ofs + fsbtodb(&fsdummy,
521 cgsblock(&fsdummy, cg)), chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
527 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 1\n");
531 printf("** Leaving BAD MAGIC on Xflag 2\n");
533 sblock.fs_magic = (Oflag != 1) ? FS_UFS2_MAGIC : FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
536 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
537 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
539 printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
541 width = charsperline();
543 * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
544 * two sets of inode blocks.
546 if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
547 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
549 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
550 if ((iobuf = calloc(1, iobufsize)) == 0) {
551 printf("Cannot allocate I/O buffer\n");
555 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
556 * writing out in each cylinder group.
558 bcopy((char *)&sblock, iobuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
559 for (cg = 0; cg < sblock.fs_ncg; cg++) {
561 j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), " %jd%s",
562 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cg)),
563 cg < (sblock.fs_ncg-1) ? "," : "");
565 tmpbuf[j = 0] = '\0';
566 if (i + j >= width) {
571 printf("%s", tmpbuf);
578 * Now construct the initial file system,
579 * then write out the super-block.
583 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
584 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
585 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
586 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
589 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 3\n");
595 * For UFS1 filesystems with a blocksize of 64K, the first
596 * alternate superblock resides at the location used for
597 * the default UFS2 superblock. As there is a valid
598 * superblock at this location, the boot code will use
599 * it as its first choice. Thus we have to ensure that
600 * all of its statistcs on usage are correct.
602 if (Oflag == 1 && sblock.fs_bsize == 65536)
603 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, 0)),
604 sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&sblock);
606 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
607 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
608 sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
609 sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
612 * Update information about this partition in pack
613 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
616 pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
617 pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
618 pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
619 pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
624 * Initialize a cylinder group.
627 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime)
630 uint i, j, d, dlower, dupper;
631 ufs2_daddr_t cbase, dmax;
632 struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
633 struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
637 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
638 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
641 cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
642 dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
643 if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
644 dmax = sblock.fs_size;
645 dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
646 dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
648 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
650 memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
652 acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
654 acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
655 acg.cg_initediblk = sblock.fs_ipg < 2 * INOPB(&sblock) ?
656 sblock.fs_ipg : 2 * INOPB(&sblock);
657 acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
658 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
659 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
660 start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
662 acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
664 acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
665 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time;
667 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk;
669 acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
670 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
671 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
672 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
673 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
674 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
676 acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
677 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
678 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
679 acg.cg_clustersumoff =
680 roundup(acg.cg_nextfreeoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
681 acg.cg_clustersumoff -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
682 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
683 (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
684 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
685 howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
687 if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > (unsigned)sblock.fs_cgsize) {
688 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
691 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
693 for (i = 0; i < (long)ROOTINO; i++) {
694 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
695 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
699 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
700 * for boot and super blocks.
702 for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
703 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
704 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
705 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
706 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
707 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
710 if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
711 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
712 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
713 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
714 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
717 for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk;
718 d += sblock.fs_frag) {
719 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
720 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
721 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
722 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
723 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
725 if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
726 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
727 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
728 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
729 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
732 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
733 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
734 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
739 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
740 if ((map & bit) != 0)
743 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
744 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
748 if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != CHAR_BIT - 1)
756 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
757 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
763 * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
764 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
766 start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE;
767 bcopy((char *)&acg, &iobuf[start], sblock.fs_cgsize);
768 start += sblock.fs_bsize;
769 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
770 dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
771 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) {
772 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
773 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random();
776 dp2->di_gen = newfs_random();
780 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf);
782 * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
785 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
786 i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
787 i += sblock.fs_frag) {
788 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
789 for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
790 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random();
793 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
794 sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start]);
800 * initialize the file system
802 #define ROOTLINKCNT 3
804 struct direct root_dir[] = {
805 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
806 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
807 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 5, ".snap" },
810 #define SNAPLINKCNT 2
812 struct direct snap_dir[] = {
813 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
814 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
825 memset(&node, 0, sizeof node);
826 if ((grp = getgrnam("operator")) != NULL) {
829 warnx("Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.");
832 entries = (nflag) ? ROOTLINKCNT - 1: ROOTLINKCNT;
833 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
835 * initialize the node
837 node.dp1.di_atime = utime;
838 node.dp1.di_mtime = utime;
839 node.dp1.di_ctime = utime;
841 * create the root directory
843 node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
844 node.dp1.di_nlink = entries;
845 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries);
846 node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
848 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
849 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize,
851 iput(&node, ROOTINO);
854 * create the .snap directory
856 node.dp1.di_mode |= 020;
857 node.dp1.di_gid = gid;
858 node.dp1.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
859 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
861 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
863 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
864 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]),
865 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
866 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
870 * initialize the node
872 node.dp2.di_atime = utime;
873 node.dp2.di_mtime = utime;
874 node.dp2.di_ctime = utime;
875 node.dp2.di_birthtime = utime;
877 * create the root directory
879 node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
880 node.dp2.di_nlink = entries;
881 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries);
882 node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
884 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
885 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize,
887 iput(&node, ROOTINO);
890 * create the .snap directory
892 node.dp2.di_mode |= 020;
893 node.dp2.di_gid = gid;
894 node.dp2.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
895 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
897 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
899 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
900 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]),
901 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
902 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
908 * construct a set of directory entries in "iobuf".
909 * return size of directory.
912 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries)
918 memset(iobuf, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
919 for (cp = iobuf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
920 protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
921 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
922 cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
923 spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
925 protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
926 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
931 * allocate a block or frag
934 alloc(int size, int mode)
939 bread(&disk, part_ofs + fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg,
941 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
942 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
945 if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
946 printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
949 for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
950 if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
952 printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
955 blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
956 clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
957 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
958 clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
959 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
960 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
964 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
967 if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
968 frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
969 fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
970 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
971 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
972 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
973 for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
974 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
976 /* XXX cgwrite(&disk, 0)??? */
977 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
979 return ((ufs2_daddr_t)d);
983 * Allocate an inode on the disk
986 iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
991 c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
992 bread(&disk, part_ofs + fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg,
994 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
995 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
998 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
999 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1000 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1002 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1003 fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1004 if (ino >= (unsigned long)sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
1005 printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
1008 d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1009 bread(&disk, part_ofs + d, (char *)iobuf, sblock.fs_bsize);
1010 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC)
1011 ((struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
1014 ((struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
1016 wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)iobuf);
1020 * possibly write to disk
1023 wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t bno, int size, char *bf)
1027 if (bwrite(&disk, part_ofs + bno, bf, size) < 0)
1028 err(36, "wtfs: %d bytes at sector %jd", size, (intmax_t)bno);
1032 * check if a block is available
1035 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1039 switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1041 return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1043 mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1044 return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1046 mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1047 return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1049 mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1050 return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1052 fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1058 * take a block out of the map
1061 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1063 switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1068 cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1071 cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1074 cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1077 fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1083 * put a block into the map
1086 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1088 switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1093 cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1096 cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1099 cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1102 fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1108 * Determine the number of characters in a
1120 if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1121 columns = ws.ws_col;
1122 if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1125 columns = 80; /* last resort */
1134 for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
1137 errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2\n", val);
1141 * For the regression test, return predictable random values.
1142 * Otherwise use a true random number generator.
1147 static int nextnum = 1;
1151 return (arc4random());