2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c 8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
56 #include <sys/param.h>
58 #include <sys/types.h>
60 #include <sys/resource.h>
62 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
65 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
68 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
72 * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
75 #define POWEROF2(num) (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
77 static struct csum *fscs;
78 #define sblock disk.d_fs
82 struct ufs1_dinode dp1;
83 struct ufs2_dinode dp2;
85 #define DIP(dp, field) \
86 ((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) ? \
87 (dp)->dp1.field : (dp)->dp2.field)
90 static long iobufsize;
91 static ufs2_daddr_t alloc(int size, int mode);
92 static int charsperline(void);
93 static void clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
94 static void fsinit(time_t);
95 static int ilog2(int);
96 static void initcg(int, time_t);
97 static int isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
98 static void iput(union dinode *, ino_t);
99 static int makedir(struct direct *, int);
100 static void setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int);
101 static void wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t, int, char *);
102 static u_int32_t newfs_random(void);
105 mkfs(struct partition *pp, char *fsys)
107 int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg;
108 long i, j, cylno, csfrags;
112 char tmpbuf[100]; /* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
115 char cdummy[SBLOCKSIZE];
117 #define fsdummy dummy.fdummy
118 #define chdummy dummy.cdummy
121 * Our blocks == sector size, and the version of UFS we are using is
122 * specified by Oflag.
124 disk.d_bsize = sectorsize;
132 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED;
135 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP;
137 strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, volumelabel, MAXVOLLEN);
139 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_GJOURNAL;
141 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_MULTILABEL;
143 * Validate the given file system size.
144 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
145 * Convert to file system fragment sized units.
148 printf("preposterous size %jd\n", (intmax_t)fssize);
151 wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize,
154 * collect and verify the file system density info
156 sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize;
157 sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir;
158 if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0)
159 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n",
160 sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14);
161 if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0)
162 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n",
163 sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15);
165 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
167 sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
168 sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
169 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
170 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
174 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
175 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
179 if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
180 printf("increasing fragment size from %d to sector size (%d)\n",
181 sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
182 sblock.fs_fsize = sectorsize;
184 if (sblock.fs_bsize > MAXBSIZE) {
185 printf("decreasing block size from %d to maximum (%d)\n",
186 sblock.fs_bsize, MAXBSIZE);
187 sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE;
189 if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
190 printf("increasing block size from %d to minimum (%d)\n",
191 sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
192 sblock.fs_bsize = MINBSIZE;
194 if (sblock.fs_fsize > MAXBSIZE) {
195 printf("decreasing fragment size from %d to maximum (%d)\n",
196 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXBSIZE);
197 sblock.fs_fsize = MAXBSIZE;
199 if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
200 printf("increasing block size from %d to fragment size (%d)\n",
201 sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
202 sblock.fs_bsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
204 if (sblock.fs_fsize * MAXFRAG < sblock.fs_bsize) {
206 "increasing fragment size from %d to block size / %d (%d)\n",
207 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXFRAG, sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
208 sblock.fs_fsize = sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG;
210 if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) {
211 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize;
212 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
213 } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) {
214 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize;
215 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
217 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize;
219 sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
220 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) {
221 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize;
222 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize);
224 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1)
225 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG);
226 sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
227 sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
228 sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
229 sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
230 sblock.fs_bshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_bsize);
231 sblock.fs_fshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize);
232 sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
233 sblock.fs_fragshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_frag);
234 if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
235 printf("fragment size %d is still too small (can't happen)\n",
236 sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
239 sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize);
240 sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
243 * Before the filesystem is finally initialized, mark it
244 * as incompletely initialized.
246 sblock.fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC;
249 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1;
250 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t);
251 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
252 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) *
253 sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t));
254 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
255 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0;
256 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff;
257 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size;
258 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0;
259 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60;
260 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
261 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1;
262 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1;
263 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0;
264 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0;
265 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1;
266 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1;
268 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2;
269 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t);
270 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode);
271 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) *
272 sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t));
275 roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize),
277 sblock.fs_cblkno = sblock.fs_sblkno +
278 roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
279 sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
280 sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
281 for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
282 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
283 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
287 * It's impossible to create a snapshot in case that fs_maxfilesize
288 * is smaller than the fssize.
290 if (sblock.fs_maxfilesize < (u_quad_t)fssize) {
291 warnx("WARNING: You will be unable to create snapshots on this "
292 "file system. Correct by using a larger blocksize.");
296 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group.
298 * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder
299 * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks
300 * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once
301 * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least
302 * MINCYLGRPS cylinder groups. Once this goal is achieved, we
303 * pack as many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit.
305 * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we
306 * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce
307 * the density until it fits.
309 origdensity = density;
311 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1);
312 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock);
313 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size)
314 minfpg = sblock.fs_size;
315 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock);
316 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
317 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
318 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
319 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
320 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
322 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
323 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
324 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg)
325 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg;
326 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
328 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
330 density -= sblock.fs_fsize;
332 if (density != origdensity)
333 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density);
335 * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until
336 * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups
337 * drops below MINCYLGRPS, or we reach the size requested.
339 for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) {
340 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
342 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < MINCYLGRPS)
344 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
346 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize)
348 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
349 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
354 * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks
355 * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks
356 * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more
357 * blocks into the last cylinder group.
359 optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
361 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg);
362 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno +
363 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag);
364 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) {
365 printf("Filesystem size %jd < minimum size of %d\n",
366 (intmax_t)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg);
369 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg ||
370 sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0)
372 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag;
373 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode),
376 if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg)
377 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n",
378 optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group");
379 sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
380 sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
382 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf;
383 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
384 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc;
385 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg;
388 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
390 sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
392 fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
393 fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
395 errx(31, "calloc failed");
396 sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
397 if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE)
398 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
399 sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
400 sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
401 sblock.fs_optim = opt;
402 sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
403 sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
404 sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
409 sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)utime;
410 sblock.fs_id[1] = newfs_random();
411 sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
412 csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
413 sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno -
414 sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno);
415 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree =
416 fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) -
417 howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag);
418 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree =
419 fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) +
420 (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ?
421 sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0);
422 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - ROOTINO;
423 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
424 sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags;
425 sblock.fs_time = utime;
427 sblock.fs_old_time = utime;
428 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize;
429 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr;
430 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
431 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
432 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
433 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
437 * Dump out summary information about file system.
439 # define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
440 printf("%s: %.1fMB (%jd sectors) block size %d, fragment size %d\n",
441 fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
442 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size), sblock.fs_bsize,
444 printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, %d inodes.\n",
445 sblock.fs_ncg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
446 sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg);
447 if (sblock.fs_flags & FS_DOSOFTDEP)
448 printf("\twith soft updates\n");
451 if (Eflag && !Nflag) {
452 printf("Erasing sectors [%jd...%jd]\n",
453 sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize,
454 fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) - 1);
455 berase(&disk, sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize,
456 sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize - sblock.fs_sblockloc);
459 * Wipe out old UFS1 superblock(s) if necessary.
461 if (!Nflag && Oflag != 1) {
462 i = bread(&disk, SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize, chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
464 err(1, "can't read old UFS1 superblock: %s", disk.d_error);
466 if (fsdummy.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
467 fsdummy.fs_magic = 0;
468 bwrite(&disk, SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize, chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
469 for (i = 0; i < fsdummy.fs_ncg; i++)
470 bwrite(&disk, fsbtodb(&fsdummy, cgsblock(&fsdummy, i)),
471 chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE);
477 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 1\n");
481 printf("** Leaving BAD MAGIC on Xflag 2\n");
483 sblock.fs_magic = (Oflag != 1) ? FS_UFS2_MAGIC : FS_UFS1_MAGIC;
486 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
487 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
489 printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
491 width = charsperline();
493 * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and
494 * two sets of inode blocks.
496 if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE)
497 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize;
499 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize;
500 if ((iobuf = calloc(1, iobufsize)) == 0) {
501 printf("Cannot allocate I/O buffer\n");
505 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be
506 * writing out in each cylinder group.
508 bcopy((char *)&sblock, iobuf, SBLOCKSIZE);
509 for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
510 initcg(cylno, utime);
511 j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), " %jd%s",
512 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
513 cylno < (sblock.fs_ncg-1) ? "," : "");
515 tmpbuf[j = 0] = '\0';
516 if (i + j >= width) {
521 printf("%s", tmpbuf);
528 * Now construct the initial file system,
529 * then write out the super-block.
533 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
534 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
535 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
536 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;
539 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 3\n");
544 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
545 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
546 sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
547 sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
550 * Update information about this partion in pack
551 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
554 pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
555 pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
556 pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
557 pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_fpg;
562 * Initialize a cylinder group.
565 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime)
567 long i, j, d, dlower, dupper, blkno, start;
568 ufs2_daddr_t cbase, dmax;
569 struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
570 struct ufs2_dinode *dp2;
574 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
575 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
578 cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
579 dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
580 if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
581 dmax = sblock.fs_size;
582 dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
583 dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
585 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
587 memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
589 acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
591 acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
592 acg.cg_initediblk = sblock.fs_ipg < 2 * INOPB(&sblock) ?
593 sblock.fs_ipg : 2 * INOPB(&sblock);
594 acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
595 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
596 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
597 start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
599 acg.cg_iusedoff = start;
601 acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
602 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time;
604 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk;
606 acg.cg_initediblk = 0;
607 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start;
608 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff +
609 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
610 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff +
611 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
613 acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
614 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT);
615 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
616 acg.cg_clustersumoff =
617 roundup(acg.cg_nextfreeoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
618 acg.cg_clustersumoff -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
619 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
620 (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
621 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff +
622 howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
624 if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
625 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
628 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
630 for (i = 0; i < (long)ROOTINO; i++) {
631 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
632 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
636 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
637 * for boot and super blocks.
639 for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
640 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
641 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
642 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
643 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
644 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
647 if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
648 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
649 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
650 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
651 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
654 for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk;
655 d += sblock.fs_frag) {
656 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
657 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
658 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
659 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
660 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
662 if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) {
663 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++;
664 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) {
665 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
666 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
669 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
670 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
671 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
676 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
677 if ((map & bit) != 0)
680 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
681 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
685 if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != CHAR_BIT - 1)
693 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
694 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
700 * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map
701 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write.
703 start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE;
704 bcopy((char *)&acg, &iobuf[start], sblock.fs_cgsize);
705 start += sblock.fs_bsize;
706 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
707 dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
708 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) {
709 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
710 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random();
713 dp2->di_gen = newfs_random();
717 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf);
719 * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes.
722 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag;
723 i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
724 i += sblock.fs_frag) {
725 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]);
726 for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) {
727 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random();
730 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
731 sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start]);
737 * initialize the file system
739 #define ROOTLINKCNT 3
741 struct direct root_dir[] = {
742 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
743 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
744 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 5, ".snap" },
747 #define SNAPLINKCNT 2
749 struct direct snap_dir[] = {
750 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
751 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
762 memset(&node, 0, sizeof node);
763 if ((grp = getgrnam("operator")) != NULL) {
766 warnx("Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0.");
769 entries = (nflag) ? ROOTLINKCNT - 1: ROOTLINKCNT;
770 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
772 * initialize the node
774 node.dp1.di_atime = utime;
775 node.dp1.di_mtime = utime;
776 node.dp1.di_ctime = utime;
778 * create the root directory
780 node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
781 node.dp1.di_nlink = entries;
782 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries);
783 node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
785 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
786 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize,
788 iput(&node, ROOTINO);
791 * create the .snap directory
793 node.dp1.di_mode |= 020;
794 node.dp1.di_gid = gid;
795 node.dp1.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
796 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
798 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode);
800 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size));
801 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]),
802 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
803 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
807 * initialize the node
809 node.dp2.di_atime = utime;
810 node.dp2.di_mtime = utime;
811 node.dp2.di_ctime = utime;
812 node.dp2.di_birthtime = utime;
814 * create the root directory
816 node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
817 node.dp2.di_nlink = entries;
818 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries);
819 node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
821 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
822 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize,
824 iput(&node, ROOTINO);
827 * create the .snap directory
829 node.dp2.di_mode |= 020;
830 node.dp2.di_gid = gid;
831 node.dp2.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT;
832 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT);
834 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode);
836 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size));
837 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]),
838 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf);
839 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1);
845 * construct a set of directory entries in "iobuf".
846 * return size of directory.
849 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries)
855 memset(iobuf, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
856 for (cp = iobuf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
857 protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
858 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
859 cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
860 spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
862 protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
863 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
868 * allocate a block or frag
871 alloc(int size, int mode)
873 int i, d, blkno, frag;
875 bread(&disk, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg,
877 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
878 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
881 if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
882 printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
885 for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
886 if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
888 printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
891 blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
892 clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
893 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
894 clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
895 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
896 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
900 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
903 if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
904 frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
905 fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
906 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
907 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
908 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
909 for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
910 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
912 /* XXX cgwrite(&disk, 0)??? */
913 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
915 return ((ufs2_daddr_t)d);
919 * Allocate an inode on the disk
922 iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino)
927 c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
928 bread(&disk, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg,
930 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
931 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
934 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
935 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
936 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
938 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
940 if (ino >= (unsigned long)sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
941 printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
944 d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
945 bread(&disk, d, (char *)iobuf, sblock.fs_bsize);
946 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC)
947 ((struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
950 ((struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] =
952 wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)iobuf);
956 * possibly write to disk
959 wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t bno, int size, char *bf)
963 if (bwrite(&disk, bno, bf, size) < 0)
964 err(36, "wtfs: %d bytes at sector %jd", size, (intmax_t)bno);
968 * check if a block is available
971 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
975 switch (fs->fs_frag) {
977 return (cp[h] == 0xff);
979 mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
980 return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
982 mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
983 return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
985 mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
986 return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
988 fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
994 * take a block out of the map
997 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
999 switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1004 cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1007 cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1010 cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1013 fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1019 * put a block into the map
1022 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h)
1024 switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1029 cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1032 cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1035 cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1038 fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1044 * Determine the number of characters in a
1056 if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1057 columns = ws.ws_col;
1058 if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1061 columns = 80; /* last resort */
1070 for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++)
1073 errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2\n", val);
1077 * For the regression test, return predictable random values.
1078 * Otherwise use a true random number generator.
1083 static int nextnum = 1;
1087 return (arc4random());