2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
7 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
8 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
9 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
10 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
13 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
14 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
16 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
17 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
21 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
22 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
23 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
24 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26 * without specific prior written permission.
28 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
43 static const char copyright[] =
44 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
45 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
49 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
52 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
53 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
56 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
58 #include <sys/param.h>
61 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
63 #include <sys/mount.h>
65 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
67 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
68 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
86 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */
87 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
88 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
89 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
90 int Rflag; /* regression test */
91 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
92 int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */
93 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
94 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
95 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
96 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
97 int tflag; /* enable TRIM */
98 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */
99 off_t mediasize; /* device size */
100 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
101 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
102 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
103 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
104 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
105 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
106 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
107 int metaspace; /* space held for metadata blocks */
108 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
109 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
110 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
111 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
112 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
113 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
114 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
115 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
117 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
118 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE];
119 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */
121 static char *disktype;
123 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
124 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(void);
125 static void usage(void);
126 static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num);
128 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
131 main(int argc, char *argv[])
133 struct partition *pp;
134 struct disklabel *lp;
139 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */
143 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
144 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
153 volumelabel = optarg;
155 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]) ||
156 volumelabel[i] == '_' || volumelabel[i] == '-');
157 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
158 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters "
159 "are alphanumerics, dashes, and underscores.");
161 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
162 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
171 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
172 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
179 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize);
180 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0)
181 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
188 /* fall through to enable soft updates */
197 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig);
198 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0)
199 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
203 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize);
205 errx(1, "%s: bad block size",
207 if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
208 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
210 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
211 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
215 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg);
216 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0)
217 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
221 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize);
222 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE)
223 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
226 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg);
227 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0)
228 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
232 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize);
233 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0)
234 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
237 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize);
238 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0)
239 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
242 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir);
243 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0)
244 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
247 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density);
248 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0)
249 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
255 if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
256 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg);
258 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */
262 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
263 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
269 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
271 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
275 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
280 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
281 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
282 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
283 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
287 part_name = optarg[0];
292 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
293 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
294 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
295 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
312 err(1, "empty file/special name");
313 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
316 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
318 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
323 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
324 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
326 disk.d_name = special;
327 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
329 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
330 errx(1, "%s: ", special);
331 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
332 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
333 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
334 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
336 err(1, "%s", special);
338 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
339 err(1, "%s", special);
340 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
341 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
342 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */
346 mediasize = st.st_size;
347 /* set fssize from the partition */
350 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1)
351 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */
352 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
353 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
358 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
359 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
360 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
362 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
366 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
368 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
370 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
372 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
373 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
375 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
377 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
381 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
383 part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
386 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
388 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
390 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
391 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
392 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
393 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
396 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
397 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
398 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
400 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
403 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
406 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
409 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0)
410 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs");
415 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
419 available = disksize - reserved;
421 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
425 else if (*fsz > available)
426 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
433 static struct disklabel lab;
434 struct disklabel *lp;
437 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
438 err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
439 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
440 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
441 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
442 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
443 errx(1, "no valid label found");
450 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
461 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
464 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
465 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n");
466 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
467 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
469 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n");
472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n");
485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n");
486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
487 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
488 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
491 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n");
498 expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num)
503 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64);
506 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) {