2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static const char copyright[] =
42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
56 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048
90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384
93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual
94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system
96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group.
98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */
101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
103 * block worth of data blocks.
105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t))
108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
110 * to be far more than we will ever need.
114 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
116 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
117 int Rflag; /* regression test */
118 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
119 int Eflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
120 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
121 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
122 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
123 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */
124 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
125 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
126 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
127 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
128 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
129 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
130 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
131 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
132 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
133 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
134 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
135 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
136 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
137 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
138 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
140 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
141 static char *disktype;
142 static int unlabeled;
144 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
145 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp);
146 static void usage(void);
149 main(int argc, char *argv[])
151 struct partition *pp;
152 struct disklabel *lp;
153 struct partition oldpartition;
159 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
160 "EJL:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:s:")) != -1)
169 volumelabel = optarg;
171 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
172 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
173 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
175 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
176 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
185 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
186 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
193 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
194 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
203 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
204 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
208 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
209 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
211 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
212 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
216 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
217 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
221 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
222 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
225 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
226 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
230 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
231 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
234 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
235 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
238 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
239 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
242 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
243 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
249 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
250 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
256 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
258 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
262 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
267 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, NULL, 0);
269 err(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
282 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
285 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
287 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
291 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
292 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
293 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
294 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
296 err(1, "%s", special);
298 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
299 err(1, "%s", special);
300 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR)
301 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special);
304 ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize);
305 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) {
307 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize;
308 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize)
309 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
310 special, (intmax_t)(mediasize / sectorsize));
313 lp = getdisklabel(special);
315 cp = strchr(special, '\0');
317 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
318 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
321 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
323 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
326 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
328 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
329 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
333 if (fssize > pp->p_size)
335 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size);
337 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
341 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
344 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
346 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
348 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
352 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
353 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering
354 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
355 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
358 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize);
360 density = NFPI * fsize;
361 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
362 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
363 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
367 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
368 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
369 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
370 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
372 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
375 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
379 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
380 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
381 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
382 rewritelabel(special, lp);
384 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
389 getdisklabel(char *s)
391 static struct disklabel lab;
392 struct disklabel *lp;
394 if (!ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab))
398 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
406 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp)
411 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
412 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0)
413 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
420 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
423 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
425 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
427 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
428 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
429 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n");
430 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
431 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
432 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
433 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
434 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
435 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
436 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
437 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
438 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
439 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
440 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
441 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
442 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
443 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
444 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
445 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
446 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n");