2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static const char copyright[] =
42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
56 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
84 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */
85 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
86 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
87 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
88 int Rflag; /* regression test */
89 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
90 int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */
91 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
92 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
93 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
94 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
95 int tflag; /* enable TRIM */
96 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */
97 off_t mediasize; /* device size */
98 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
99 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
100 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
101 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
102 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
103 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
104 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
105 int metaspace; /* space held for metadata blocks */
106 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
107 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
108 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
109 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
110 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
111 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
112 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
113 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
115 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
116 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE];
117 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */
119 static char *disktype;
121 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
122 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
123 static void usage(void);
124 static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num);
126 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
129 main(int argc, char *argv[])
131 struct partition *pp;
132 struct disklabel *lp;
133 struct partition oldpartition;
138 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */
142 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
143 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
152 volumelabel = optarg;
154 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
155 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
156 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
158 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
159 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
168 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
169 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
176 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize);
177 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0)
178 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
185 /* fall through to enable soft updates */
193 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig);
194 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0)
195 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
199 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize);
201 errx(1, "%s: bad block size",
203 if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
204 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
206 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
207 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
211 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg);
212 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0)
213 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
217 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize);
218 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE)
219 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
222 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg);
223 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0)
224 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
228 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize);
229 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0)
230 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
233 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize);
234 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0)
235 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
238 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir);
239 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0)
240 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
243 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density);
244 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0)
245 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
251 if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
252 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg);
254 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */
258 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
259 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
265 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
267 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
271 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
276 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
277 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
278 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
279 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
283 part_name = optarg[0];
288 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
289 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
290 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
291 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
308 err(1, "empty file/special name");
309 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
312 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
314 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
319 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
320 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
322 disk.d_name = special;
323 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
325 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
326 errx(1, "%s: ", special);
327 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
328 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
329 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
330 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
332 err(1, "%s", special);
334 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
335 err(1, "%s", special);
336 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
337 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
338 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */
342 mediasize = st.st_size;
343 /* set fssize from the partition */
346 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1)
347 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */
348 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
349 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
352 lp = getdisklabel(special);
354 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
355 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
356 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
358 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
362 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
367 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
369 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
370 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
372 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
374 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
378 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
380 part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
383 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
385 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
387 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
388 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
389 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
390 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
393 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
394 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
395 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
397 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
400 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
403 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
406 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0)
407 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs");
412 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
416 available = disksize - reserved;
418 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
422 else if (*fsz > available)
423 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
428 getdisklabel(char *s)
430 static struct disklabel lab;
431 struct disklabel *lp;
434 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
435 err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
436 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
437 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
438 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
439 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
440 errx(1, "no valid label found");
447 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
458 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
461 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
462 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n");
463 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
464 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
466 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
467 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
468 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n");
469 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n");
482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n");
483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
487 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
488 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n");
495 expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num)
500 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64);
503 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) {