2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28 #include <sys/param.h>
30 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */
31 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h>
33 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
35 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
36 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
56 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
58 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
59 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
60 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
62 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
63 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
64 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */
65 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
66 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
67 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
68 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
69 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
70 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
71 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
74 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
75 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
78 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
79 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
82 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
83 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
90 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
91 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
96 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
97 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
100 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
101 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
105 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
106 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
107 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
108 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
109 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
110 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
111 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
112 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
113 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
114 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
115 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
116 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
120 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
121 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
122 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
123 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
124 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
125 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
126 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
130 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
131 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
132 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
133 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
134 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
135 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
139 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
140 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
141 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
142 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
143 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
144 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
145 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
149 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
150 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
151 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
152 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
153 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
154 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
155 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
156 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
157 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
158 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
159 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
160 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
161 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
162 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
163 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
164 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
167 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
173 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
174 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
175 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
177 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
179 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
180 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
181 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
182 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
185 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
187 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
188 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
189 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
191 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
192 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
194 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
195 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
198 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
199 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
200 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
201 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
202 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
203 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
204 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
205 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
207 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
208 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
210 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
211 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
212 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
217 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
218 static void infohandler(int);
221 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
223 static ssize_t getchunksize(void);
224 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
225 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
226 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
227 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
228 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
229 static int oklabel(const char *);
230 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
233 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
235 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
236 struct sigaction si_sa;
243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
247 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end;
251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
252 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
253 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
255 struct msdos_options o = *op;
262 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
263 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
266 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
267 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
272 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
275 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
277 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
280 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
281 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
284 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
288 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
293 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
294 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
297 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!");
299 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
300 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
305 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
308 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
309 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
312 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
314 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
316 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
318 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
322 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
323 if (o.sectors_per_track)
324 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
325 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
326 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
328 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
329 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
330 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
331 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
332 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
333 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1)
335 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
336 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
337 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
341 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
343 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
344 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
346 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
349 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS ||
350 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS ||
351 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
352 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096",
357 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
358 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
361 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
364 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
367 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
368 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
369 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
370 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
373 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
374 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
375 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
376 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
381 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
382 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
385 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
386 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
387 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
390 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
391 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
392 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
395 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
397 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
398 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
399 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
400 o.sectors_per_cluster);
403 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
405 if (o.reserved_sectors)
406 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
408 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
409 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
413 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
415 if (o.directory_entries)
416 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
417 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
418 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
419 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
422 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
424 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
425 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
427 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
429 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
435 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
436 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
439 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
443 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
444 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
445 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
446 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
449 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
454 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
455 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
456 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
457 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
459 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
460 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
462 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
463 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
465 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
466 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
467 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
469 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
471 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
472 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
479 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
480 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
481 warnx("no room for info sector");
486 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
487 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
488 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
490 warnx("no room for backup sector");
494 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
495 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
498 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
499 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
504 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
505 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
506 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
510 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
511 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
512 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
513 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
514 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
515 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
516 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
521 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
522 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
523 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
524 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
528 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
529 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
530 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
531 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
533 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
534 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
535 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
536 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
537 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
539 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
541 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
545 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
546 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
549 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
550 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
551 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
552 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
555 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
556 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
557 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
558 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
559 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
560 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
562 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
563 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
564 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
567 /* attempt to align root directory */
568 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
571 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
574 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
575 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
576 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
578 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
579 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
583 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
584 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
586 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
587 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
591 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
593 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
594 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
597 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
598 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
599 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
600 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
602 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
604 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
605 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
606 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
607 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
610 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
611 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
615 if (o.timestamp_set) {
616 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
620 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
622 tm = localtime(&now);
625 chunksize = getchunksize();
626 physbuf = malloc(chunksize);
627 if (physbuf == NULL) {
631 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize;
634 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
635 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
636 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
637 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
639 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
640 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
644 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
646 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
648 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
650 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
655 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
656 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
658 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
663 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
664 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
668 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
669 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
673 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
675 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
676 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
677 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
678 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
679 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
680 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
681 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
682 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
683 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
685 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
687 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
688 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
689 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
690 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
691 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
693 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
694 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
695 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
696 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
697 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
698 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
699 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
700 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
702 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
703 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
707 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
708 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
709 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
710 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
711 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
712 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
714 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
715 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
716 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
717 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
719 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
720 bs = (struct bs *)img;
721 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
722 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
723 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
724 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
725 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
726 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
727 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
729 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
730 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
731 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
732 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
733 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
734 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
735 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
736 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff);
737 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
738 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
739 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
740 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
741 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
742 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
743 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
744 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
745 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
746 de = (struct de *)img;
747 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
748 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
749 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
750 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
751 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
753 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
754 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
759 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected
762 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
763 if (img >= physbuf_end) {
764 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize);
765 if (n != chunksize) {
766 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
773 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end
774 * up filling a whole chunk.
776 if (img != physbuf) {
777 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf;
779 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize);
781 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
798 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
802 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
805 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should
806 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images.
813 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
817 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
819 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
821 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
823 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
824 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
826 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
828 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
837 * Get optimal I/O size
842 static ssize_t chunksize;
852 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS;
853 len = sizeof(chunksize);
855 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
856 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS);
864 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of
865 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096
866 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of
867 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the
868 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS.
870 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2");
871 assert(powerof2(chunksize));
872 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS);
878 * Get a standard format.
881 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
886 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
888 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
891 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
896 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp)
902 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
903 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
904 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname);
909 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize;
913 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
916 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
919 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
927 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
929 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
932 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
934 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
935 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
936 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
938 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
939 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
940 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
941 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
942 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
947 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
949 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
950 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
951 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
952 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
953 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
955 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
957 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
958 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
959 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
962 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
963 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
964 warn("cannot get number of heads");
965 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
967 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
973 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
978 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */
979 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp);
983 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
984 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
986 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
988 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
989 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
991 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
993 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
994 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
996 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
998 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
999 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
1000 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
1001 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
1006 * Print out BPB values.
1009 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
1011 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
1012 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
1014 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
1015 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
1016 if (bpb->bpbSectors)
1017 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
1018 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
1019 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
1020 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
1021 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
1022 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
1023 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
1024 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
1025 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
1026 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
1029 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
1031 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
1037 * Check a disk geometry value.
1040 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
1043 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
1047 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
1054 * Check a volume label.
1057 oklabel(const char *src)
1061 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1063 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1070 * Make a volume label.
1073 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1077 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1078 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1079 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1084 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1087 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1090 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1094 infohandler(int sig __unused)