2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29 static const char rcsid[] =
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
36 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
215 static void infohandler(int);
217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
223 static int oklabel(const char *);
224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
229 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
230 struct sigaction si_sa;
237 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
244 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
246 struct msdos_options o = *op;
251 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
252 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
255 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
256 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
261 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
264 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
266 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
269 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
270 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
273 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
277 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
282 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
283 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
285 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
286 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
289 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
291 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
292 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
295 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
297 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
299 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
301 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
305 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
306 if (o.sectors_per_track)
307 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
308 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
309 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
311 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
312 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
313 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
314 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
315 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
317 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
318 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
319 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack;
321 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d",
322 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
323 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta;
325 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
326 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
328 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
330 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
331 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
332 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
333 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
335 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
338 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
339 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
342 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
343 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
344 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
348 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
349 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
352 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
355 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
358 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
359 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
360 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
361 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
364 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
365 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
366 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
367 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
372 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
373 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
376 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
377 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
378 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
381 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
382 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
383 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
386 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
388 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
389 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
390 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
391 o.sectors_per_cluster);
394 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
396 if (o.reserved_sectors)
397 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
399 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
400 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
404 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
406 if (o.directory_entries)
407 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
408 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
409 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
410 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
413 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
415 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
416 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
418 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
420 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
426 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
427 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
428 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
433 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
437 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
438 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
439 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
440 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
443 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
448 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
449 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
450 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
451 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
453 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
454 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
455 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
456 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
457 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
459 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
460 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
461 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
463 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
465 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
466 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
473 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
474 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
475 warnx("no room for info sector");
480 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
481 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
482 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
484 warnx("no room for backup sector");
488 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
489 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
492 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
493 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
495 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors)
496 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ?
497 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x;
498 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
499 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
503 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
504 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
505 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
506 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust)
507 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
508 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
509 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC &&
511 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
512 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
515 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) *
516 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
517 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
519 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
520 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
523 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
524 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
525 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
526 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
529 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
530 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
531 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat /
533 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
534 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
535 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) {
536 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
537 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
539 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
540 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
544 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
545 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
547 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
548 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
552 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
554 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
555 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
558 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
559 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
560 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
561 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
563 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
565 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
566 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
567 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
568 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
571 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
572 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
576 if (o.timestamp_set) {
577 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
581 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
583 tm = localtime(&now);
587 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
591 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
592 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
593 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
594 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
595 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
596 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
599 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
601 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
603 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
605 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
610 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
611 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
613 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
618 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
619 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
623 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
624 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
628 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
630 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
631 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
632 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
633 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
634 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
635 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
636 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
637 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
638 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
639 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
640 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
641 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
642 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
643 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
644 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
645 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
646 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
648 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
649 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
650 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
651 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
652 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
653 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
654 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
655 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
657 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
658 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
662 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
663 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
664 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
665 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
666 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
667 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
669 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
670 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
671 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
672 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
674 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
675 bs = (struct bs *)img;
676 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
677 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
678 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
679 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
680 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
681 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
682 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
684 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
685 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
686 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
687 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
688 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
689 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
690 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
691 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
692 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
693 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
694 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
695 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
696 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
697 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
698 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
699 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
700 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
701 de = (struct de *)img;
702 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
703 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
704 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
705 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
706 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
708 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
709 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
713 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
717 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
718 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
731 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
734 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
741 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
745 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
747 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
749 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
751 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
752 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
754 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
756 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
764 * Get a standard format.
767 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
772 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
774 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
777 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
782 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
785 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
788 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
794 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
796 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
799 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
801 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
805 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
806 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
811 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
813 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
814 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
815 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
816 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
817 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
822 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
824 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
825 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
826 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
827 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
828 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
830 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
832 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
833 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
834 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
837 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
838 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
839 warn("cannot get number of heads");
840 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
842 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
848 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
852 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
853 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
855 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
857 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
858 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
860 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
862 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
863 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
865 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
867 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
868 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
869 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
870 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
875 * Print out BPB values.
878 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
880 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
881 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
883 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
884 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
886 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
887 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
889 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
890 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
891 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
892 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
893 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
894 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
895 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
898 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
900 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
906 * Check a disk geometry value.
909 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
912 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
916 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
923 * Check a volume label.
926 oklabel(const char *src)
930 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
932 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
939 * Make a volume label.
942 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
946 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
947 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
948 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
953 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
956 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
959 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
963 infohandler(int sig __unused)