2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29 static const char rcsid[] =
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
36 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */
140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */
141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
215 static void infohandler(int);
217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
223 static int oklabel(const char *);
224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
229 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
230 struct sigaction si_sa;
237 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
244 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
245 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
246 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
248 struct msdos_options o = *op;
254 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
255 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
258 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
259 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
264 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
267 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
269 warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
272 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
273 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
276 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
280 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
285 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
286 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
288 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
289 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
292 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
294 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
295 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
298 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
300 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
302 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
304 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
308 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
309 if (o.sectors_per_track)
310 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
311 if (o.bytes_per_sector)
312 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
314 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
315 if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
316 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
317 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
318 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
319 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
320 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
321 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
322 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
323 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
324 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
325 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
326 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
328 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
331 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
334 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
335 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
338 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
339 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
340 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
344 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
345 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
348 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
351 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
354 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
355 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
356 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
357 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
360 if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
361 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
362 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
363 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
368 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
369 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
372 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
373 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
374 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
377 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
378 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
379 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
382 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
384 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
385 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
386 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
387 o.sectors_per_cluster);
390 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
392 if (o.reserved_sectors)
393 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
395 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
396 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
400 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
402 if (o.directory_entries)
403 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
404 if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
405 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
406 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
409 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
411 if (o.sectors_per_fat)
412 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
414 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
416 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
422 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
423 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
424 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
429 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
433 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
434 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
435 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
436 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
439 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
444 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
445 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
446 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
447 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
449 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
450 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
451 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
452 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
453 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
455 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
456 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
457 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
459 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
462 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
469 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
470 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
471 warnx("no room for info sector");
476 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
477 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
478 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
480 warnx("no room for backup sector");
484 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
485 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
488 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
489 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
494 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
495 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
496 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
500 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
501 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
502 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
503 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
504 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
505 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
506 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
511 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
512 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
513 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
514 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
518 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
519 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
520 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
521 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
523 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
524 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
525 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
526 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
529 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
531 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
535 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
536 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
539 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
540 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
541 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
542 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
545 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
546 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
547 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
548 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
549 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
550 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
552 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
553 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
554 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
557 /* attempt to align root directory */
558 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
561 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
564 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
565 if (o.align && alignment != 0)
566 warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
568 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
569 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
573 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
574 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
576 if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
577 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
581 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
583 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
584 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
587 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
588 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
589 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
590 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
592 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
594 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
595 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
596 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
597 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
600 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
601 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
605 if (o.timestamp_set) {
606 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
610 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
612 tm = localtime(&now);
616 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
620 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
621 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
622 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
623 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
624 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
625 warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
628 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
630 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
632 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
634 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
639 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
640 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
642 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
647 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
648 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
652 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
653 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
657 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
659 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
660 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
661 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
662 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
663 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
664 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
665 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
666 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
668 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
669 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
670 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
671 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
672 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
673 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
674 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
675 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
677 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
678 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
679 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
680 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
681 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
682 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
683 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
684 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
686 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
687 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
691 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
692 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
693 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
694 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
695 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
696 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
698 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
699 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
700 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
701 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
703 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
704 bs = (struct bs *)img;
705 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
706 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
707 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
708 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ",
709 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
710 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
711 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
713 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
714 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
715 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
716 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
717 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
718 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
719 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
720 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
721 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
722 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
723 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
724 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
725 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
726 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
727 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
728 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
729 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
730 de = (struct de *)img;
731 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
732 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
733 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
734 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
735 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
737 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
738 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
742 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
746 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
747 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
764 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
767 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
774 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
778 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
780 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
782 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
784 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
785 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
787 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
789 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
797 * Get a standard format.
800 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
805 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
807 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
810 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
815 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
818 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
821 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
827 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
829 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
832 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
834 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
838 err(1, "cannot get disk size");
839 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
844 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
846 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
847 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
848 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
849 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
850 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
855 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
857 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
858 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
859 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
860 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
861 err(1, "cannot get sector size");
863 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
865 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
866 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
867 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
870 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
871 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
872 warn("cannot get number of heads");
873 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
875 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
881 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
885 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
886 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
888 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
890 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
891 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
893 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
895 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
896 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
898 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
900 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
901 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
902 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
903 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
908 * Print out BPB values.
911 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
913 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
914 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
916 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
917 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
919 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
920 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
922 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
923 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
924 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
925 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
926 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
927 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
928 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
931 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
933 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
939 * Check a disk geometry value.
942 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
945 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
949 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
956 * Check a volume label.
959 oklabel(const char *src)
963 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
965 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
972 * Make a volume label.
975 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
979 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
980 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
981 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
986 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
989 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
992 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
996 infohandler(int sig __unused)