2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29 static const char rcsid[] =
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
36 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
54 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
55 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
56 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
58 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
59 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
60 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
61 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
62 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
63 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
64 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
65 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
66 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
67 #define MINCLS16 0x1000U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
68 #define MINCLS32 2U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
69 #define MAXCLS12 0xfedU /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
70 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
71 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
73 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
74 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
77 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
78 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
85 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
86 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
89 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
90 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
91 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
92 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
94 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
95 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
96 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
97 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
100 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
101 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
105 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
106 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
107 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
108 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
109 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
110 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
111 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
112 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
113 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
114 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
115 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
116 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
120 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
121 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
122 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
123 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
124 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
125 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
126 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
130 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
131 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
132 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
133 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
134 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
135 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
139 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
140 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
141 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
142 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* creation time */
143 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* creation date */
144 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
145 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
149 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
150 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
151 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
152 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
153 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
154 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
155 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
156 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
157 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
158 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
159 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
160 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
161 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
162 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
163 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
164 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
167 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
169 #define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \
170 { .bpbBytesPerSec = a, .bpbSecPerClust = b, .bpbResSectors = c, .bpbFATs = d, .bpbRootDirEnts = e, \
171 .bpbSectors = f, .bpbMedia = g, .bpbFATsecs = h, .bpbSecPerTrack = i, .bpbHeads = j, }
176 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)},
177 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)},
178 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)},
179 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)},
180 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)},
181 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)},
182 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)},
183 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)},
184 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)},
185 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)}
188 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
190 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
191 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
192 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
194 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
195 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
197 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
198 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
201 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
202 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
203 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
204 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
205 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
206 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
207 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
208 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
210 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
211 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
213 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
214 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
215 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
220 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
221 static void infohandler(int);
223 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
224 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
225 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
227 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
228 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
229 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
230 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
231 static int oklabel(const char *);
232 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
234 static void usage(void);
237 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
240 main(int argc, char *argv[])
242 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
243 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
244 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
245 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
246 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
248 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
249 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
250 struct sigaction si_sa;
257 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
261 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
264 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
266 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
268 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
271 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
280 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
283 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
284 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
285 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
286 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
287 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
290 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
294 if (!oklabel(optarg))
295 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
299 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
300 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
304 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
307 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
310 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
314 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
318 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
324 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
327 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
330 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
333 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
337 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
340 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
344 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
347 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
350 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
357 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
360 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
361 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
362 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
368 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
369 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
371 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
372 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
373 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
374 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
379 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
380 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
382 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
383 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
386 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
387 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
388 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
389 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
391 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
392 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
394 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
398 bpb.bpbHeads = opt_h;
400 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = opt_u;
402 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = opt_S;
404 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = opt_s;
406 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = opt_o;
407 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
409 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
410 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
411 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack;
413 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d",
414 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
415 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta;
417 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
418 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
419 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
420 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
421 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
422 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
423 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
424 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
425 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
427 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
430 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))
431 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
432 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS)
433 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
434 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
435 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
438 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
441 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
442 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
443 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
444 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
445 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
446 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
448 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
449 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
450 if (opt_b < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
451 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
452 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
453 if (opt_b > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC)
454 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
455 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
456 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_b / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
459 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
460 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
461 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_c;
464 bpb.bpbResSectors = opt_r;
467 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
472 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = opt_e;
475 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
476 bpb.bpbMedia = opt_m;
479 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = opt_a;
481 bpb.bpbFSInfo = opt_i;
483 bpb.bpbBackup = opt_k;
489 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
490 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
491 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
494 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
496 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
497 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16)
498 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
499 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
504 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
505 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
506 ((bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
508 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
509 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
510 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
511 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
513 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
514 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
515 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * bpb.bpbFATs +
516 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
518 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
525 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
526 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup)
527 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
530 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
531 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
532 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
534 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
536 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo)
537 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
538 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
539 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
541 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors)
542 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x;
543 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x)
544 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.bpbResSectors);
545 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
546 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
547 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
548 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust)
549 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
550 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC &&
552 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
553 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
555 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
556 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1);
557 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16)
558 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
559 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
560 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
561 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors)
562 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
563 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
564 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
565 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
566 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
567 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
568 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) {
569 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
570 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
572 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
573 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
576 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
577 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
579 if (cls < mincls(fat))
580 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
582 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
584 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
585 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
588 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
589 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
590 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
591 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
593 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
595 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
596 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
597 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
601 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
602 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
606 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
608 tm = localtime(&now);
609 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
611 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
612 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
613 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
614 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1)
615 err(1, "sigaction SIGINFO");
616 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
618 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
620 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
622 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
627 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
628 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
630 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
633 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
634 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1)
636 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
637 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
639 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
641 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
642 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
643 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
644 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
645 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
646 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
647 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
648 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
649 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
650 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
651 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
652 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
653 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
654 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
655 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
656 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
658 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
659 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
660 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
661 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
662 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
663 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
664 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
665 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
667 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
668 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
672 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
673 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
674 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
675 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
676 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
677 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
679 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
680 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME");
681 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
682 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
684 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
685 bs = (struct bs *)img;
686 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
687 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
688 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
689 setstr(bs->bsOemName, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD4.4 ",
690 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
691 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
692 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
694 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
695 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
696 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
697 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
698 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
699 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
700 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
701 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
702 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
703 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
704 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
705 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
706 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
707 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
708 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
709 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
710 de = (struct de *)img;
711 mklabel(de->deName, opt_L);
712 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
713 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
714 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
715 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
717 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
718 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
722 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1)
724 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
725 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
732 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
735 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
742 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
743 err(1, "getmntinfo");
744 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
746 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
748 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
750 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
751 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
753 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
755 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
760 * Get a standard format.
763 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
767 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
768 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
770 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
771 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
775 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
778 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
781 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
787 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
789 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
792 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
794 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
798 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
799 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
804 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
806 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
807 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
808 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
809 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
810 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
815 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
817 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
818 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
819 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
820 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
821 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
823 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
825 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
826 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
829 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
830 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
831 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
833 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
840 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
844 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0)
845 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
846 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0)
847 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
848 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0)
849 bpb->bpbHeads = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
850 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
851 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
852 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
853 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
857 * Print out BPB values.
860 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
862 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
864 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
865 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
867 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
868 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
870 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
871 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
872 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
873 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
874 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
875 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb->bpbRootClust);
877 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
879 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
885 * Check a disk geometry value.
888 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
891 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
893 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
898 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
901 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
907 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
908 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
909 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
914 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
917 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
922 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
923 /* allow at most one extra char */
924 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
925 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
926 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
929 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
932 case 's': /* sector */
934 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
937 case 'k': /* kilobyte */
939 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
942 case 'm': /* megabyte */
944 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
947 case 'g': /* gigabyte */
949 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
952 case 'p': /* partition start */
953 case 'P': /* partition start */
954 case 'l': /* partition length */
955 case 'L': /* partition length */
956 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
964 * Check a volume label.
967 oklabel(const char *src)
971 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
973 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
980 * Make a volume label.
983 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
987 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
988 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
989 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
994 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
997 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1000 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1004 * Print usage message.
1010 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
1011 "where the options are:\n"
1012 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
1013 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
1014 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
1015 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1017 "\t-L volume label\n"
1018 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1020 "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1021 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1023 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1024 "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1025 "\t-f standard format\n"
1026 "\t-h drive heads\n"
1027 "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1028 "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1029 "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1030 "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1031 "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1032 "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1033 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1034 "\t-u sectors/track\n");
1039 infohandler(int sig __unused)