2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29 static const char rcsid[] =
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
36 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
54 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
55 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
57 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
58 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
59 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
60 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
61 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
62 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
63 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
64 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
65 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
66 #define MINCLS16 0x1000U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
67 #define MINCLS32 2U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
68 #define MAXCLS12 0xfedU /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
72 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
76 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
84 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
85 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
88 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
89 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
90 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
91 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
93 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
94 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
95 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
96 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
99 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
100 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */
104 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */
105 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
106 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */
107 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
108 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */
109 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */
110 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
111 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
112 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */
113 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */
114 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */
115 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */
119 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
120 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */
121 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */
122 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
123 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */
124 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */
125 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */
129 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */
130 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */
131 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */
132 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */
133 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */
134 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */
138 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */
139 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */
140 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
141 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* creation time */
142 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* creation date */
143 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */
144 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */
148 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */
149 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */
150 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */
151 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */
152 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */
153 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */
154 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */
155 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */
156 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */
157 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */
158 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */
159 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */
160 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */
161 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */
162 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */
163 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */
166 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
168 #define INIT(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) \
169 { .bpbBytesPerSec = a, .bpbSecPerClust = b, .bpbResSectors = c, .bpbFATs = d, .bpbRootDirEnts = e, \
170 .bpbSectors = f, .bpbMedia = g, .bpbFATsecs = h, .bpbSecPerTrack = i, .bpbHeads = j, }
175 {"160", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1)},
176 {"180", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1)},
177 {"320", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2)},
178 {"360", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2)},
179 {"640", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2)},
180 {"720", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2)},
181 {"1200", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2)},
182 {"1232", INIT(1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2)},
183 {"1440", INIT(512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2)},
184 {"2880", INIT(512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2)}
187 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
189 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
190 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
191 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
193 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
194 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
196 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
197 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
200 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
201 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
202 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
203 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
204 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
205 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
206 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
207 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
209 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
210 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
212 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
213 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
214 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
219 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
220 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
221 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
223 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
224 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
225 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
226 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
227 static int oklabel(const char *);
228 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
229 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
230 static void usage(void);
233 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
236 main(int argc, char *argv[])
238 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
239 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
240 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
241 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
242 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
244 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
245 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
252 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
256 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
259 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
261 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
263 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
266 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
275 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
278 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
279 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
280 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
281 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
282 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
285 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
289 if (!oklabel(optarg))
290 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
294 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
295 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
299 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
302 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
305 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
309 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
313 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
319 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
322 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
325 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
328 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
332 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
335 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
339 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
342 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
345 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
352 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
355 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
356 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
357 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
363 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
364 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
366 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
367 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
368 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
369 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
374 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
375 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
377 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
378 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
381 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
382 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
383 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
384 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
386 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
387 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
389 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
393 bpb.bpbHeads = opt_h;
395 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = opt_u;
397 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = opt_S;
399 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = opt_s;
401 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = opt_o;
402 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
404 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
405 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
406 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack;
408 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d",
409 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
410 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta;
412 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */
413 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
414 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
415 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
416 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
417 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
418 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
419 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
420 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
422 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
425 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))
426 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
427 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS)
428 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
429 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
430 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
433 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
436 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
437 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
438 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
439 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
440 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
441 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
443 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
444 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
445 if (opt_b < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
446 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
447 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
448 if (opt_b > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC)
449 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
450 opt_b, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
451 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_b / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
454 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
455 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
456 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = opt_c;
459 bpb.bpbResSectors = opt_r;
462 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
467 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = opt_e;
470 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
471 bpb.bpbMedia = opt_m;
474 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = opt_a;
476 bpb.bpbFSInfo = opt_i;
478 bpb.bpbBackup = opt_k;
484 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
485 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
486 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
489 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
491 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
492 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16)
493 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
494 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
499 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
500 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
501 ((bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
503 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
504 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
505 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
506 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
508 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
509 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
510 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * bpb.bpbFATs +
511 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
513 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
520 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
521 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup)
522 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
525 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
526 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
527 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
529 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
531 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo)
532 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
533 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
534 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
536 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors)
537 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x;
538 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x)
539 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, bpb.bpbResSectors);
540 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
541 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
542 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
543 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust)
544 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
545 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC &&
547 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
548 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
550 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
551 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1);
552 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16)
553 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
554 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
555 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
556 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors)
557 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
558 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
559 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
560 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
561 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
562 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
563 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) {
564 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
565 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
567 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
568 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
571 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
572 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
574 if (cls < mincls(fat))
575 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
577 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
579 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
580 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
583 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
584 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
585 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
586 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
588 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
590 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
591 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
592 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
593 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
596 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
597 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
601 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
603 tm = localtime(&now);
604 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
606 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
607 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
610 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
611 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
613 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
616 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
617 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1)
619 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
620 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
622 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
624 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
625 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
626 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
627 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
628 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
629 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
630 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
631 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
632 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
633 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
634 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
635 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
636 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
637 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
638 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
639 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
641 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
642 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
643 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
644 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
645 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
646 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
647 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
648 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
650 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
651 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
655 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
656 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
657 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
658 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
659 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
660 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
662 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
663 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO_NAME");
664 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
665 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
667 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
668 bs = (struct bs *)img;
669 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
670 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
671 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
672 setstr(bs->bsOemName, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD4.4 ",
673 sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
674 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
675 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
677 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
678 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
679 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
680 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
681 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
682 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
683 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
684 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
685 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
686 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
687 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
688 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
689 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
690 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
691 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
692 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
693 de = (struct de *)img;
694 mklabel(de->deName, opt_L);
695 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
696 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
697 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
698 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
700 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
701 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
705 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1)
707 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)
708 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
715 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
718 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
725 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
726 err(1, "getmntinfo");
727 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
729 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
731 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
733 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
734 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
736 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
738 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
743 * Get a standard format.
746 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
750 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
751 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
753 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
754 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
758 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
761 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
764 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
770 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
772 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
775 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
777 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
781 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
782 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
787 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
789 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
790 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
791 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
792 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
793 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
798 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
800 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
801 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
802 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
803 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
804 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
806 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
808 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
809 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
812 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
813 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
814 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
816 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
823 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
827 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0)
828 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
829 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0)
830 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
831 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0)
832 bpb->bpbHeads = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
833 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
834 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
835 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
836 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
840 * Print out BPB values.
843 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
845 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
847 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
848 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
850 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
851 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
853 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
854 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
855 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
856 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
857 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
858 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb->bpbRootClust);
860 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
862 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
868 * Check a disk geometry value.
871 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
874 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
876 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
881 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
884 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
890 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
891 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
892 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
897 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
900 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
905 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
906 /* allow at most one extra char */
907 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
908 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
909 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
912 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
915 case 's': /* sector */
917 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
920 case 'k': /* kilobyte */
922 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
925 case 'm': /* megabyte */
927 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
930 case 'g': /* gigabyte */
932 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
935 case 'p': /* partition start */
936 case 'P': /* partition start */
937 case 'l': /* partition length */
938 case 'L': /* partition length */
939 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
947 * Check a volume label.
950 oklabel(const char *src)
954 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
956 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
963 * Make a volume label.
966 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
970 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
971 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
972 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
977 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
980 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
983 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
987 * Print usage message.
993 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
994 "where the options are:\n"
995 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
996 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
997 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
998 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1000 "\t-L volume label\n"
1001 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1003 "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1004 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1006 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1007 "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1008 "\t-f standard format\n"
1009 "\t-h drive heads\n"
1010 "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1011 "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1012 "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1013 "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1014 "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1015 "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1016 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1017 "\t-u sectors/track\n");