2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29 static const char rcsid[] =
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
35 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
36 #include <sys/mount.h>
51 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
52 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
53 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
55 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
56 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */
57 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
58 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
59 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
60 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
61 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
62 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
63 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
64 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
65 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
66 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
67 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
68 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
70 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
71 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
74 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
75 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
82 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
83 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
86 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
87 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
88 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
89 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
91 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
92 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
93 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
94 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
97 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
98 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
102 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
103 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
104 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
105 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
106 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
107 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
108 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
109 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
110 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
111 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
112 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
113 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
117 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
118 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
119 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
120 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
121 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
122 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
123 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
127 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
128 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
129 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
130 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
131 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
132 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
136 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
137 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
139 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
140 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
141 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
142 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
146 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
147 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
148 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
149 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
150 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
151 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
152 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
153 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
154 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
155 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
156 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
157 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
158 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
159 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
160 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
161 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
168 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}},
169 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}},
170 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}},
171 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}},
172 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2}},
173 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}},
174 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}},
175 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2}},
176 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}},
177 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}}
180 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
182 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
183 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
184 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
186 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
187 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
189 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
190 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
193 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
194 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
195 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
196 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
197 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
198 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
199 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
200 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
202 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
203 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
205 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
206 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
207 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
212 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
213 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
214 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
216 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
217 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
218 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
219 static int oklabel(const char *);
220 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
221 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
222 static void usage(void);
225 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
228 main(int argc, char *argv[])
230 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
231 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f;
232 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e;
233 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r;
234 static u_int opt_s, opt_u;
236 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag;
237 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
244 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
248 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
254 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
263 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
264 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
265 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
266 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
267 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
270 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
274 if (!oklabel(optarg))
275 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
279 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
280 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
284 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
287 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
290 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
294 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
298 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
304 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
307 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
310 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
313 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
317 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
320 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
324 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
327 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
330 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
337 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
340 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) {
341 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
342 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
346 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 ||
350 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
351 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
352 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname);
353 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
355 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
371 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag)))
372 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
373 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
374 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
375 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
376 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
378 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
381 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
384 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
385 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
386 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
387 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
388 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
391 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
392 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
394 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
396 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
397 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
398 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
399 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
402 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
403 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
410 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
418 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
432 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
433 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
434 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
437 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
439 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
440 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
441 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
442 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
447 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
448 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
449 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
451 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
452 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
453 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
454 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
456 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
457 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
458 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
459 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
461 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
469 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
470 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
473 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
477 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
479 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
480 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
481 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
485 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
486 else if (bpb.res < x)
487 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
488 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
490 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
492 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
495 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
496 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
498 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
500 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
501 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
503 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
504 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
505 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
507 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
508 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
509 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
513 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
515 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
516 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
520 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
522 if (cls < mincls(fat))
523 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
525 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
527 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
528 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
531 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
532 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
533 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
534 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
536 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
539 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
549 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
551 tm = localtime(&now);
552 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
554 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
555 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
558 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
559 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
561 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET))
564 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
565 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
568 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
570 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
572 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
573 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
574 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
575 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
576 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
577 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
578 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
579 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
580 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
581 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
582 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
583 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
584 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
585 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
586 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
587 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
589 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
590 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
591 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
592 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
593 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
594 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
595 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
596 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
598 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
603 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
604 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
605 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
606 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
607 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
608 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
611 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
612 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
613 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
615 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
616 bs = (struct bs *)img;
617 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
618 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
619 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
620 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
622 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
623 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC);
625 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
627 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
628 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
629 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
630 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272);
631 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff);
632 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl);
633 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC);
634 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
636 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
637 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
638 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
639 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
640 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
641 de = (struct de *)img;
642 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
644 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
645 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
646 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
648 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
649 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
653 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
656 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
663 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
666 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
673 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
674 err(1, "getmntinfo");
675 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
677 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
679 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
681 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
682 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
684 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
686 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
691 * Get a standard format.
694 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
698 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
699 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
701 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
702 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
706 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
709 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag,
712 struct diskslices ds;
713 struct disklabel dl, *lp;
716 int slice, part, fd1, i, e;
720 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/')))
722 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++);
723 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1)
726 while (isdigit(*++s2));
728 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') {
729 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10);
730 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE)
733 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1;
737 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) {
739 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE;
742 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.'))
743 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname);
744 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) {
745 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) {
746 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)");
747 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname);
749 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size)
750 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname);
752 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset;
753 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1)
754 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size;
756 if (((slice == -1 || part != -1) &&
757 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) ||
758 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) {
760 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
761 if (i == -1 && slice != -1 && part == -1) {
763 if (!(s = strdup(fname)))
766 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) {
767 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp);
775 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
776 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; "
777 "disk type must be specified", fname);
778 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype)))
779 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype);
781 if (slice == -1 || part != -1) {
784 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions ||
785 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size)
786 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname);
787 if (!oflag && part != -1)
788 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset;
790 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size;
793 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
795 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
797 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
802 * Print out BPB values.
805 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
807 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
810 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
812 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
813 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
815 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
816 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
818 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
820 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
822 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
824 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
830 * Check a disk geometry value.
833 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
836 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
838 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg);
843 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
846 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
852 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
853 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
854 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
859 * Check a volume label.
862 oklabel(const char *src)
866 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
868 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
875 * Make a volume label.
878 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
882 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
883 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
884 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
889 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
892 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
895 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
899 * Print usage message.
905 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n");
906 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n");
907 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: "
908 "just print out parameters\n");
909 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n");
910 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n");
911 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n");
912 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n");
913 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n");
914 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n");
915 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n");
916 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
917 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n");
918 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n");
919 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n");
920 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n");
921 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n");
922 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n");
923 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n");
924 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n");
925 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n");
926 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n");
927 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
928 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");