sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
  89 #include <ctype.h>
  90 #include <err.h>
  91 #include <errno.h>
  92 #include <math.h>
  93 #include <netdb.h>
  94 #include <stddef.h>
  95 #include <signal.h>
  96 #include <stdio.h>
  97 #include <stdlib.h>
  98 #include <string.h>
  99 #include <sysexits.h>
 100 #include <time.h>
 101 #include <unistd.h>
 102
 103 #include "main.h"
 104 #include "ping.h"
 105 #include "utils.h"
 106
 107 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 108 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 109 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 110 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 111 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 112 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 113                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 114 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 115 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 116 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 117 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 118 #define MAXTOS          255
 119
 120 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 121 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 122 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 123 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 124 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 125
 126 struct tv32 {
 127         int32_t tv32_sec;
 128         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 129 };
 130
 131 /* various options */
 132 static int options;
 133 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 134 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 135 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 136 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 137 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 138 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 139 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 140 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 141 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 142 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 143 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 144 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 145 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 146 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 147 #ifdef IPSEC
 148 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 149 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 150 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 151 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 152 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 153 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 154 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 155 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 156 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 157 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 158 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 159 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 160 #define F_IP_VLAN_PCP   0x800000
 161
 162 /*
 163  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 164  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 165  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 166  */
 167 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 168 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 169 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 170
 171 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 172 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 173 static int maxpayload;
 174 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 175 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 176 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 177 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 178 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 179 static char DOT = '.';
 180 static char *hostname;
 181 static char *shostname;
 182 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 183 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 184 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 185 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 186 static int phdr_len = 0;
 187 static int send_len;
 188
 189 /* counters */
 190 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 191 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 192 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 193 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 194 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 195 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 196 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 197 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 198 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 199 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 200 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 201 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 202 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 203
 204 /* timing */
 205 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 206 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 207 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 208 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 209 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 210
 211 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 212 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 213 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 214
 215 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 216
 217 static void fill(char *, char *);
 218 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 219 static void check_status(void);
 220 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 221 static void pinger(void);
 222 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 223 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 224 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
 225 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 226 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 227 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
 228 static void status(int);
 229 static void stopit(int);
 230
 231 int
 232 ping(int argc, char *const *argv)
 233 {
 234         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 235         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 236         struct timespec last, intvl;
 237         struct iovec iov;
 238         struct msghdr msg;
 239         struct sigaction si_sa;
 240         size_t sz;
 241         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 242         const char *errstr;
 243         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 244         struct hostent *hp;
 245 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 246         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 247 #endif
 248         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 249         double t;
 250         u_long alarmtimeout;
 251         long long ltmp;
 252         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 253         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
 254         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 255         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 256 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 257         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 258 #endif
 259         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 260
 261         payload = source = NULL;
 262 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 263         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 264 #endif
 265         cap_rights_t rights;
 266
 267         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 268
 269         /*
 270          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 271          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 272          * after arg parsing.
 273          *
 274          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 275          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 276          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 277          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 278          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 279          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 280          * packets.
 281          */
 282         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 283         ssend_errno = errno;
 284         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 285         srecv_errno = errno;
 286
 287         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 288                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 289         uid = getuid();
 290
 291         if (ssend < 0) {
 292                 errno = ssend_errno;
 293                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 294         }
 295
 296         if (srecv < 0) {
 297                 errno = srecv_errno;
 298                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 299         }
 300
 301         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;
 302
 303         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 304         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING4OPTS)) != -1) {
 305                 switch(ch) {
 306                 case '4':
 307                         /* This option is processed in main(). */
 308                         break;
 309                 case 'A':
 310                         options |= F_MISSED;
 311                         break;
 312                 case 'a':
 313                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 314                         break;
 315                 case 'C':
 316                         options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
 317                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr);
 318                         if (errstr != NULL)
 319                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
 320                         pcp = ltmp;
 321                         break;
 322                 case 'c':
 323                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
 324                         if (errstr != NULL)
 325                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 326                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 327                                     optarg);
 328                         npackets = (long)ltmp;
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'D':
 331                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 332                         df = 1;
 333                         break;
 334                 case 'd':
 335                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 336                         break;
 337                 case 'f':
 338                         if (uid) {
 339                                 errno = EPERM;
 340                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 341                         }
 342                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 343                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 344                         break;
 345                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 346                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 347                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 348                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 349                                     optarg);
 350                         }
 351                         sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
 352                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
 353                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 354                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 355                                     sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
 356                         }
 357                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 358                         break;
 359                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 360                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 361                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 362                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 363                                     optarg);
 364                         }
 365                         sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
 366                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
 367                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 368                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 369                                     sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
 370                         }
 371                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 372                         break;
 373                 case 'H':
 374                         options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
 375                         break;
 376                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 377                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 378                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 379                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 380                                     optarg);
 381                         }
 382                         sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
 383                         if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
 384                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 385                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 386                                     sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
 387                         }
 388                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 389                         break;
 390                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 391                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 392                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 393                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 394                                     optarg);
 395                         options |= F_MIF;
 396                         break;
 397                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 398                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 399                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 400                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 401                                     optarg);
 402                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 403                         interval = (int)t;
 404                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 405                                 errno = EPERM;
 406                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 407                         }
 408                         break;
 409                 case 'L':
 410                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 411                         loop = 0;
 412                         break;
 413                 case 'l':
 414                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 415                         if (errstr != NULL)
 416                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 417                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 418                         if (uid) {
 419                                 errno = EPERM;
 420                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 421                         }
 422                         preload = (int)ltmp;
 423                         break;
 424                 case 'M':
 425                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 426                         case 'M':
 427                         case 'm':
 428                                 options |= F_MASK;
 429                                 break;
 430                         case 'T':
 431                         case 't':
 432                                 options |= F_TIME;
 433                                 break;
 434                         default:
 435                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 436                                 break;
 437                         }
 438                         break;
 439                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 440                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 441                         if (errstr != NULL)
 442                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 443                         ttl = (int)ltmp;
 444                         options |= F_TTL;
 445                         break;
 446                 case 'n':
 447                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 448                         break;
 449                 case 'o':
 450                         options |= F_ONCE;
 451                         break;
 452 #ifdef IPSEC
 453 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 454                 case 'P':
 455                         options |= F_POLICY;
 456                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 457                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 458                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 459                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 460                         else
 461                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 462                         break;
 463 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 464 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 465                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 466                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 467                         payload = optarg;
 468                         break;
 469                 case 'Q':
 470                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 471                         break;
 472                 case 'q':
 473                         options |= F_QUIET;
 474                         break;
 475                 case 'R':
 476                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 477                         break;
 478                 case 'r':
 479                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 480                         break;
 481                 case 'S':
 482                         source = optarg;
 483                         break;
 484                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 485                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 486                         if (errstr != NULL)
 487                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 488                                     optarg);
 489                         datalen = (int)ltmp;
 490                         if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) {
 491                                 errno = EPERM;
 492                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 493                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 494                                     datalen, DEFDATALEN);
 495                         }
 496                         break;
 497                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 498                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 499                         if (errstr != NULL)
 500                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 501                                     optarg);
 502                         mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
 503                         options |= F_MTTL;
 504                         break;
 505                 case 't':
 506                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 507                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 508                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 509                                     optarg);
 510                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 511                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 512                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 513                         {
 514                                 struct itimerval itv;
 515
 516                                 timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
 517                                 timerclear(&itv.it_value);
 518                                 itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
 519                                 if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
 520                                         err(1, "setitimer");
 521                         }
 522                         break;
 523                 case 'v':
 524                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 525                         break;
 526                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 527                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 528                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 529                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 530                                     optarg);
 531                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 532                         waittime = (int)t;
 533                         break;
 534                 case 'z':
 535                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 536                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 537                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 538                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 539                         tos = ltmp;
 540                         break;
 541                 default:
 542                         usage();
 543                 }
 544         }
 545
 546         if (argc - optind != 1)
 547                 usage();
 548         target = argv[optind];
 549
 550         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 551         case 0: break;
 552         case F_MASK:
 553                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 554                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 555                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 556                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 557                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 558                 break;
 559         case F_TIME:
 560                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 561                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 562                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 563                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 564                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 565                 break;
 566         default:
 567                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 568                 break;
 569         }
 570         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 571         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 572                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 573         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 574         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 575                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 576                     maxpayload);
 577         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 578         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 579         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 580                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 581         }
 582         capdns = capdns_setup();
 583         if (source) {
 584                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 585                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 586                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 587                         shostname = source;
 588                 } else {
 589                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
 590                         if (!hp)
 591                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 592                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 593
 594                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 595                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 596                             hp->h_length < 0)
 597                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 598                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 599                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 600                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 601                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 602                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 603                         shostname = snamebuf;
 604                 }
 605                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 606                     -1)
 607                         err(1, "bind");
 608         }
 609
 610         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 611         to = &whereto;
 612         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 613         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 614         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 615                 hostname = target;
 616         } else {
 617                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 618                 if (!hp)
 619                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 620                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 621
 622                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 623                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 624                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 625                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 626                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 627                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 628         }
 629
 630         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 631 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
 632         if (capdns != NULL) {
 633                 const char *types[1];
 634
 635                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 636                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 637                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 638         }
 639 #endif
 640         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 641                 err(1, "connect");
 642
 643         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 644                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 645
 646         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 647                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 648                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 649         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 650             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 651                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 652                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 653
 654         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 655                 timing = 1;
 656
 657         if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
 658                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 659                         *datap++ = i;
 660
 661         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 662
 663         hold = 1;
 664         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 665                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 666                     sizeof(hold));
 667                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 668                     sizeof(hold));
 669         }
 670         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 671                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 672                     sizeof(hold));
 673         if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
 674                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
 675                     sizeof(pcp));
 676         }
 677 #ifdef IPSEC
 678 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 679         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 680                 char *buf;
 681                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 682                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 683                         if (buf == NULL)
 684                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 685                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 686                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 687                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 688                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 689                         free(buf);
 690                 }
 691
 692                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 693                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 694                         if (buf == NULL)
 695                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 696                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 697                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 698                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 699                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 700                         free(buf);
 701                 }
 702         }
 703 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 704 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 705
 706         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 707                 struct ip ip;
 708
 709                 memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
 710                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 711                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 712                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 713                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 714                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 715                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 716                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 717                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 718                 }
 719                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 720                 ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
 721                 ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 722                 ip.ip_tos = tos;
 723                 ip.ip_id = 0;
 724                 ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 725                 ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
 726                 ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 727                 ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 728                 ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 729                 memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
 730         }
 731
 732         /*
 733          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 734          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 735          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 736          */
 737         caph_cache_catpages();
 738         if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
 739                 err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
 740
 741         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 742         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 743                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 744         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 745         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 746                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 747
 748         /* record route option */
 749         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 750 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 751                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 752                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 753                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 754                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 755                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 756                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 757                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 758                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 759 #else
 760                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 761                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 762 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 763         }
 764
 765         if (options & F_TTL) {
 766                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 767                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 768                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 769                 }
 770         }
 771         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 772                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 773                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 774                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 775                 }
 776         }
 777         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 778                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 779                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 780                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 781                 }
 782         }
 783         if (options & F_MIF) {
 784                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 785                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 786                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 787                 }
 788         }
 789 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 790         {
 791                 int on = 1;
 792                 int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
 793                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
 794                     sizeof(on)) < 0)
 795                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 796                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
 797                     sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
 798                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
 799         }
 800 #endif
 801         if (sweepmax) {
 802                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 803                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 804             "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 805
 806                 if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
 807                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");
 808
 809                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 810                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 811                     "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 812
 813                 if (npackets > 0) {
 814                         snpackets = npackets;
 815                         npackets = 0;
 816                 } else
 817                         snpackets = 1;
 818                 datalen = sweepmin;
 819                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 820         }
 821         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 822                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 823
 824         /*
 825          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 826          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 827          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 828          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 829          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 830          */
 831
 832         /*
 833          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 834          * as well.
 835          */
 836         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 837         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 838             sizeof(hold));
 839         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 840         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 841         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 842                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 843         if (uid == 0)
 844                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 845                     sizeof(hold));
 846         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 847         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 848         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 849                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 850
 851         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 852                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 853                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 854                 if (source)
 855                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 856                 if (sweepmax)
 857                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 858                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 859                 else
 860                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 861
 862         } else {
 863                 if (sweepmax)
 864                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 865                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 866                 else
 867                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 868         }
 869
 870         /*
 871          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 872          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 873          */
 874
 875         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 876         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 877
 878         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 879         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 880                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 881         }
 882
 883         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 884         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 885                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 886         }
 887
 888         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 889                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 890                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 891                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 892         }
 893
 894         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 895         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 896         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 897         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 898 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 899         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 900         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 901 #endif
 902         iov.iov_base = packet;
 903         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 904
 905         if (preload == 0)
 906                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 907         else {
 908                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 909                         preload = npackets;
 910                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 911                         pinger();
 912         }
 913         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 914
 915         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 916                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 917                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 918         } else {
 919                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 920                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 921         }
 922
 923         almost_done = 0;
 924         while (!finish_up) {
 925                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 926                 fd_set rfds;
 927                 int n;
 928                 ssize_t cc;
 929
 930                 check_status();
 931                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 932                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 933                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 934                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 935                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 936                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 937                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 938                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 939                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 940                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 941                 if (n < 0)
 942                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 943                 if (n == 1) {
 944                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 945 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 946                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 947 #endif
 948                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 949                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 950                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 951                                         continue;
 952                                 warn("recvmsg");
 953                                 continue;
 954                         }
 955                         /* If we have a 0 byte read from recvfrom continue */
 956                         if (cc == 0)
 957                                 continue;
 958 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 959                         if (cmsg != NULL &&
 960                             cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 961                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 962                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 963                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 964                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 965                                 tv = &now;
 966                         }
 967 #endif
 968                         if (tv == NULL) {
 969                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 970                                 tv = &now;
 971                         }
 972                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 973                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 974                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 975                                 break;
 976                 }
 977                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 978                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 979                                 if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
 980                                         break;
 981                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
 982                                         *datap++ = i;
 983                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 984                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 985                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 986                         }
 987                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 988                                 pinger();
 989                         else {
 990                                 if (almost_done)
 991                                         break;
 992                                 almost_done = 1;
 993                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 994                                 if (nreceived) {
 995                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 996                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 997                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 998                                 } else {
 999                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
1000                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
1001                                 }
1002                         }
1003                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1004                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1005                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1006                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1007                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1008                         }
1009                 }
1010         }
1011         finish();
1012         /* NOTREACHED */
1013         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1014 }
1015
1016 /*
1017  * stopit --
1018  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1019  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1020  * to be called from a signal handler.
1021  */
1022 void
1023 stopit(int sig __unused)
1024 {
1025
1026         /*
1027          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1028          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1029          */
1030         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1031                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1032         finish_up = 1;
1033 }
1034
1035 /*
1036  * pinger --
1037  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1038  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1039  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1040  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1041  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1042  */
1043 static void
1044 pinger(void)
1045 {
1046         struct timespec now;
1047         struct tv32 tv32;
1048         struct icmp icp;
1049         int cc, i;
1050         u_char *packet;
1051
1052         packet = outpack;
1053         memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1054         icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1055         icp.icmp_code = 0;
1056         icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1057         icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1058         icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */
1059
1060         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1061
1062         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1063                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1064                 /*
1065                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1066                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1067                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1068                  * durations, not absolute times.
1069                  */
1070                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1071                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1072                 if (options & F_TIME)
1073                         icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1074                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1075                 if (timing)
1076                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1077                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1078                             sizeof(tv32));
1079         }
1080
1081         memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1082
1083         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1084
1085         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1086         icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1087         /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1088         memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1089             sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1090
1091         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1092                 struct ip ip;
1093
1094                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1095                 ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1096                 /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1097                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1098                     sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1099                 ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1100                 /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1101                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1102                     sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1103                 packet = outpackhdr;
1104         }
1105         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1106         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1107                 if (i < 0) {
1108                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1109                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1110                                 return;
1111                         }
1112                         warn("sendto");
1113                 } else {
1114                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1115                              hostname, i, cc);
1116                 }
1117         }
1118         ntransmitted++;
1119         sntransmitted++;
1120         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1121                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1122 }
1123
1124 /*
1125  * pr_pack --
1126  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1127  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1128  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1129  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1130  */
1131 static void
1132 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1133 {
1134         struct in_addr ina;
1135         u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1136         struct icmp icp;
1137         struct ip ip;
1138         const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1139         ssize_t icmp_data_raw_len;
1140         double triptime;
1141         int dupflag, i, j, recv_len;
1142         uint8_t hlen;
1143         uint16_t seq;
1144         static int old_rrlen;
1145         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1146         struct ip oip;
1147         u_char oip_header_len;
1148         struct icmp oicmp;
1149         const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1150
1151         /*
1152          * Get size of IP header of the received packet.
1153          * The header length is contained in the lower four bits of the first
1154          * byte and represents the number of 4 byte octets the header takes up.
1155          *
1156          * The IHL minimum value is 5 (20 bytes) and its maximum value is 15
1157          * (60 bytes).
1158          */
1159         memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1160         hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1161
1162         /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1163         if (hlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1164                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1165                         warn("IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", hlen,
1166                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1167                 return;
1168         }
1169
1170         memcpy(&ip, buf, sizeof(struct ip));
1171
1172         /* Check packet has enough data to carry a valid ICMP header */
1173         recv_len = cc;
1174         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1175                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1176                         warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1177                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1178                 return;
1179         }
1180
1181 #ifndef icmp_data
1182         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1183 #else
1184         icmp_data_raw_len = cc - (hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1185         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1186 #endif
1187
1188         /* Now the ICMP part */
1189         cc -= hlen;
1190         memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1191         if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1192                 if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1193                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1194                 ++nreceived;
1195                 triptime = 0.0;
1196                 if (timing) {
1197                         struct timespec tv1;
1198                         struct tv32 tv32;
1199                         const u_char *tp;
1200
1201                         tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1202
1203                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1204                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1205                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1206                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1207                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1208                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1209                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1210                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1211                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1212                                 tsum += triptime;
1213                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1214                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1215                                         tmin = triptime;
1216                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1217                                         tmax = triptime;
1218                         } else
1219                                 timing = 0;
1220                 }
1221
1222                 seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1223
1224                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1225                         ++nrepeats;
1226                         --nreceived;
1227                         dupflag = 1;
1228                 } else {
1229                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1230                         dupflag = 0;
1231                 }
1232
1233                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1234                         return;
1235
1236                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1237                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1238                         return;
1239                 }
1240
1241                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1242                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1243                 else {
1244                         (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1245                             pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1246                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1247                         if (timing)
1248                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1249                         if (dupflag)
1250                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1251                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1252                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1253                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1254                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1255                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1256                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1257                         }
1258                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1259                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1260                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1261                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1262                         }
1263                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1264                                 (void)printf(
1265                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1266                                      recv_len, send_len);
1267                         }
1268                         /* check the data */
1269                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1270                                 icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1271                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1272                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1273                         i = 0;
1274                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1275                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1276                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1277                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1278                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1279                         }
1280                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1281                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1282         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1283             i, *dp, *cp);
1284                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1285                                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1286                                             offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1287                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1288                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1289                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1290                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1291                                         }
1292                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1293                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1294                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1295                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1296                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1297                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1298                                         }
1299                                         break;
1300                                 }
1301                         }
1302                 }
1303         } else {
1304                 /*
1305                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1306                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1307                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1308                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1309                  *
1310                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1311                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1312                  * available to those not running as root.
1313                  */
1314
1315                 /*
1316                  * If we don't have enough bytes for a quoted IP header and an
1317                  * ICMP header then stop.
1318                  */
1319                 if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1320                                 (ssize_t)(sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1321                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1322                                 warnx("quoted data too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1323                                         icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1324                         return;
1325                 }
1326
1327                 memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1328                 oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1329
1330                 /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1331                 if (oip_header_len < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1332                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1333                                 warnx("inner IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s",
1334                                         oip_header_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1335                         return;
1336                 }
1337
1338                 /*
1339                  * Check against the actual IHL length, to protect against
1340                  * quoated packets carrying IP options.
1341                  */
1342                 if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1343                                 (ssize_t)(oip_header_len + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1344                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1345                                 warnx("inner packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1346                                      icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1347                         return;
1348                 }
1349
1350                 memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(struct ip));
1351                 oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1352                 memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, sizeof(struct icmp));
1353
1354                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1355                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1356                      (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1357                      (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1358                      (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1359                      (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1360                     (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1361                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1362                     pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1363                 } else
1364                     return;
1365         }
1366
1367         /* Display any IP options */
1368         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1369
1370         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1371                 switch (*cp) {
1372                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1373                         hlen = 0;
1374                         break;
1375                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1376                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1377                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1378                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1379                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1380                         hlen -= 2;
1381                         cp += 2;
1382                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1383                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1384                                 for (;;) {
1385                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1386                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1387                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1388                                         else
1389                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1390                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1391                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1392                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1393                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1394                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1395                                                 break;
1396                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1397                                 }
1398                         } else
1399                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1400                         break;
1401                 case IPOPT_RR:
1402                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1403                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1404                         hlen -= 2;
1405                         cp += 2;
1406                         if (i > j)
1407                                 i = j;
1408                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1409                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1410                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1411                                 continue;
1412                         }
1413                         if (i == old_rrlen
1414                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1415                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1416                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1417                                 hlen -= i;
1418                                 cp += i;
1419                                 break;
1420                         }
1421                         old_rrlen = i;
1422                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1423                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1424                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1425                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1426                                 for (;;) {
1427                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1428                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1429                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1430                                         else
1431                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1432                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1433                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1434                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1435                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1436                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1437                                                 break;
1438                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1439                                 }
1440                         } else
1441                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1442                         break;
1443                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1444                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1445                         break;
1446                 default:
1447                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1448                         break;
1449                 }
1450         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1451                 (void)putchar('\n');
1452                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1453         }
1454 }
1455
1456 /*
1457  * status --
1458  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1459  */
1460
1461 static void
1462 status(int sig __unused)
1463 {
1464
1465         siginfo_p = 1;
1466 }
1467
1468 static void
1469 check_status(void)
1470 {
1471
1472         if (siginfo_p) {
1473                 siginfo_p = 0;
1474                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1475                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1476                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1477                 if (nreceived && timing)
1478                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1479                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1480                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1481         }
1482 }
1483
1484 /*
1485  * finish --
1486  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1487  */
1488 static void
1489 finish(void)
1490 {
1491
1492         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1493         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1494         (void)putchar('\n');
1495         (void)fflush(stdout);
1496         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1497         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1498         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1499         if (nrepeats)
1500                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1501         if (ntransmitted) {
1502                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1503                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1504                 else
1505                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1506                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1507                             ntransmitted);
1508         }
1509         if (nrcvtimeout)
1510                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1511         (void)putchar('\n');
1512         if (nreceived && timing) {
1513                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1514                 double avg = tsum / n;
1515                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1516                 (void)printf(
1517                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1518                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1519         }
1520
1521         if (nreceived)
1522                 exit(0);
1523         else
1524                 exit(2);
1525 }
1526
1527 /*
1528  * pr_icmph --
1529  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1530  */
1531 static void
1532 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1533 {
1534
1535         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1536         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1537                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1538                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1539                 break;
1540         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1541                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1542                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1543                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1544                         break;
1545                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1546                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1547                         break;
1548                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1549                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1550                         break;
1551                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1552                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1553                         break;
1554                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1555                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1556                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1557                         break;
1558                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1559                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1560                         break;
1561                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1562                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1563                         break;
1564                 default:
1565                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1566                             icp->icmp_code);
1567                         break;
1568                 }
1569                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1570                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1571                 break;
1572         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1573                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1574                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1575                 break;
1576         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1577                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1578                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1579                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1580                         break;
1581                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1582                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1583                         break;
1584                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1585                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1586                         break;
1587                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1588                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1589                         break;
1590                 default:
1591                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1592                         break;
1593                 }
1594                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1595                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1596                 break;
1597         case ICMP_ECHO:
1598                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1599                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1600                 break;
1601         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1602                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1603                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1604                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1605                         break;
1606                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1607                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1608                         break;
1609                 default:
1610                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1611                             icp->icmp_code);
1612                         break;
1613                 }
1614                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1615                 break;
1616         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1617                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1618                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1619                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1620                 break;
1621         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1622                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1623                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1624                 break;
1625         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1626                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1627                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1628                 break;
1629         case ICMP_IREQ:
1630                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1631                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1632                 break;
1633         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1634                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1635                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1636                 break;
1637         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1638                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1639                 break;
1640         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1641                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1642                 break;
1643         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1644                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1645                 break;
1646         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1647                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1648                 break;
1649         default:
1650                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1651         }
1652 }
1653
1654 /*
1655  * pr_iph --
1656  *      Print an IP header with options.
1657  */
1658 static void
1659 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1660 {
1661         struct in_addr ina;
1662         u_char *cp;
1663         int hlen;
1664
1665         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1666         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1667
1668         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1669         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1670             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1671             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1672         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1673             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1674             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1675         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1676                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1677         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1678         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1679         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1680         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1681         /* dump any option bytes */
1682         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1683                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1684         }
1685         (void)putchar('\n');
1686 }
1687
1688 /*
1689  * pr_addr --
1690  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1691  * a hostname.
1692  */
1693 static char *
1694 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1695 {
1696         struct hostent *hp;
1697         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1698
1699         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1700                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1701
1702         hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1703
1704         if (hp == NULL)
1705                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1706
1707         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1708             inet_ntoa(ina));
1709         return(buf);
1710 }
1711
1712 /*
1713  * pr_retip --
1714  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1715  */
1716 static void
1717 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1718 {
1719         pr_iph(ip);
1720
1721         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1722                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1723                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1724         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1725                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1726                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1727 }
1728
1729 static char *
1730 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1731 {
1732         static char buf[11];
1733         int hour, min, sec;
1734
1735         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1736         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1737         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1738         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1739
1740         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1741
1742         return (buf);
1743 }
1744
1745 static void
1746 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1747 {
1748         char *cp;
1749         int pat[16];
1750         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1751
1752         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1753                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1754                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1755                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1756
1757         }
1758         ii = sscanf(patp,
1759             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1760             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1761             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1762             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1763
1764         if (ii > 0)
1765                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1766                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1767                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1768         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1769                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1770                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1771                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1772                 (void)printf("\n");
1773         }
1774 }
1775
1776 static cap_channel_t *
1777 capdns_setup(void)
1778 {
1779         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1780 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1781         const char *types[2];
1782         int families[1];
1783 #endif
1784         capcas = cap_init();
1785         if (capcas == NULL)
1786                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1787         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1788         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1789         cap_close(capcas);
1790         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1791                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1792 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1793         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1794         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1795         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1796                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1797         families[0] = AF_INET;
1798         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1799                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1800 #endif
1801         return (capdnsloc);
1802 }