sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
  89 #include <ctype.h>
  90 #include <err.h>
  91 #include <errno.h>
  92 #include <math.h>
  93 #include <netdb.h>
  94 #include <stddef.h>
  95 #include <signal.h>
  96 #include <stdio.h>
  97 #include <stdlib.h>
  98 #include <string.h>
  99 #include <sysexits.h>
 100 #include <time.h>
 101 #include <unistd.h>
 102
 103 #include "utils.h"
 104
 105 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 106 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 107 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 108 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 109 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 110 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 111                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 112 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 113 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 114 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 115 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 116 #define MAXTOS          255
 117
 118 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 119 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 120 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 121 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 122 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 123
 124 struct tv32 {
 125         int32_t tv32_sec;
 126         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 127 };
 128
 129 /* various options */
 130 static int options;
 131 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 132 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 133 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 134 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 135 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 136 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 137 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 138 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 139 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 140 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 141 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 142 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 143 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 144 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 145 #ifdef IPSEC
 146 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 147 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 148 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 149 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 150 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 151 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 152 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 153 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 154 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 155 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 156 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 157 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 158
 159 /*
 160  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 161  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 162  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 163  */
 164 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 165 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 166 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 167
 168 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 169 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 170 static int maxpayload;
 171 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 172 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 173 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 174 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 175 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 176 static char DOT = '.';
 177 static char *hostname;
 178 static char *shostname;
 179 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 180 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 181 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 182 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 183 static int phdr_len = 0;
 184 static int send_len;
 185
 186 /* counters */
 187 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 188 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 189 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 190 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 191 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 192 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 193 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 194 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 195 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 196 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 197 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 198 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 199 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 200
 201 /* timing */
 202 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 203 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 204 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 205 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 206 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 207
 208 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 209 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 210 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 211
 212 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 213
 214 static void fill(char *, char *);
 215 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 216 static void check_status(void);
 217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 218 static void pinger(void);
 219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
 222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 223 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
 225 static void status(int);
 226 static void stopit(int);
 227 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 228
 229 int
 230 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 231 {
 232         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 233         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 234         struct timespec last, intvl;
 235         struct iovec iov;
 236         struct msghdr msg;
 237         struct sigaction si_sa;
 238         size_t sz;
 239         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 240         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 241         struct hostent *hp;
 242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 243         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 244 #endif
 245         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 246         double t;
 247         u_long alarmtimeout;
 248         long ltmp;
 249         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 250         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 251         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 252         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 254         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 255 #endif
 256         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 257
 258         payload = source = NULL;
 259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 260         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 261 #endif
 262         cap_rights_t rights;
 263
 264         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 265
 266         /*
 267          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 268          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 269          * after arg parsing.
 270          *
 271          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 272          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 273          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 274          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 275          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 276          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 277          * packets.
 278          */
 279         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 280         ssend_errno = errno;
 281         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 282         srecv_errno = errno;
 283
 284         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 285                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 286         uid = getuid();
 287
 288         if (ssend < 0) {
 289                 errno = ssend_errno;
 290                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 291         }
 292
 293         if (srecv < 0) {
 294                 errno = srecv_errno;
 295                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 296         }
 297
 298         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 299
 300         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 301         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 302                 "Aac:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 303 #ifdef IPSEC
 304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 305                 "P:"
 306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 307 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 308                 )) != -1)
 309         {
 310                 switch(ch) {
 311                 case 'A':
 312                         options |= F_MISSED;
 313                         break;
 314                 case 'a':
 315                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 316                         break;
 317                 case 'c':
 318                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 319                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 320                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 321                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 322                                     optarg);
 323                         npackets = ltmp;
 324                         break;
 325                 case 'D':
 326                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 327                         df = 1;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'd':
 330                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 331                         break;
 332                 case 'f':
 333                         if (uid) {
 334                                 errno = EPERM;
 335                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 336                         }
 337                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 338                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 339                         break;
 340                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 341                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 342                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 343                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 344                                     optarg);
 345                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 346                                 errno = EPERM;
 347                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 348                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 349                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 350                         }
 351                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 352                         sweepmax = ltmp;
 353                         break;
 354                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 355                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 356                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 357                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 358                                     optarg);
 359                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 360                                 errno = EPERM;
 361                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 362                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 363                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 364                         }
 365                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 366                         sweepmin = ltmp;
 367                         break;
 368                 case 'H':
 369                         options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
 370                         break;
 371                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 372                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 373                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
 374                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 375                                     optarg);
 376                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 377                                 errno = EPERM;
 378                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 379                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 380                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 381                         }
 382                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 383                         sweepincr = ltmp;
 384                         break;
 385                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 386                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 387                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 388                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 389                                     optarg);
 390                         options |= F_MIF;
 391                         break;
 392                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 393                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 394                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 395                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 396                                     optarg);
 397                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 398                         interval = (int)t;
 399                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 400                                 errno = EPERM;
 401                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 402                         }
 403                         break;
 404                 case 'L':
 405                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 406                         loop = 0;
 407                         break;
 408                 case 'l':
 409                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 410                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
 411                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 412                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 413                         if (uid) {
 414                                 errno = EPERM;
 415                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 416                         }
 417                         preload = ltmp;
 418                         break;
 419                 case 'M':
 420                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 421                         case 'M':
 422                         case 'm':
 423                                 options |= F_MASK;
 424                                 break;
 425                         case 'T':
 426                         case 't':
 427                                 options |= F_TIME;
 428                                 break;
 429                         default:
 430                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 431                                 break;
 432                         }
 433                         break;
 434                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 435                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 436                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 437                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 438                         ttl = ltmp;
 439                         options |= F_TTL;
 440                         break;
 441                 case 'n':
 442                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 443                         break;
 444                 case 'o':
 445                         options |= F_ONCE;
 446                         break;
 447 #ifdef IPSEC
 448 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 449                 case 'P':
 450                         options |= F_POLICY;
 451                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 452                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 453                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 454                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 455                         else
 456                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 457                         break;
 458 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 459 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 460                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 461                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 462                         payload = optarg;
 463                         break;
 464                 case 'Q':
 465                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 466                         break;
 467                 case 'q':
 468                         options |= F_QUIET;
 469                         break;
 470                 case 'R':
 471                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 472                         break;
 473                 case 'r':
 474                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 475                         break;
 476                 case 'S':
 477                         source = optarg;
 478                         break;
 479                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 480                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 481                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
 482                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 483                                     optarg);
 484                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 485                                 errno = EPERM;
 486                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 487                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 488                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 489                         }
 490                         datalen = ltmp;
 491                         break;
 492                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 493                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 494                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 495                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 496                                     optarg);
 497                         mttl = ltmp;
 498                         options |= F_MTTL;
 499                         break;
 500                 case 't':
 501                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 502                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 503                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 504                                     optarg);
 505                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 506                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 507                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 508                         {
 509                                 struct itimerval itv;
 510
 511                                 timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
 512                                 timerclear(&itv.it_value);
 513                                 itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
 514                                 if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
 515                                         err(1, "setitimer");
 516                         }
 517                         break;
 518                 case 'v':
 519                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 520                         break;
 521                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 522                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 523                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 524                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 525                                     optarg);
 526                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 527                         waittime = (int)t;
 528                         break;
 529                 case 'z':
 530                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 531                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 532                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 533                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 534                         tos = ltmp;
 535                         break;
 536                 default:
 537                         usage();
 538                 }
 539         }
 540
 541         if (argc - optind != 1)
 542                 usage();
 543         target = argv[optind];
 544
 545         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 546         case 0: break;
 547         case F_MASK:
 548                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 549                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 550                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 551                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 552                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 553                 break;
 554         case F_TIME:
 555                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 556                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 557                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 558                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 559                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 560                 break;
 561         default:
 562                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 563                 break;
 564         }
 565         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 566         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 567                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 568         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 569         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 570                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 571                     maxpayload);
 572         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 573         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 574         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 575                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 576         }
 577         capdns = capdns_setup();
 578         if (source) {
 579                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 580                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 581                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 582                         shostname = source;
 583                 } else {
 584                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
 585                         if (!hp)
 586                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 587                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 588
 589                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 590                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 591                             hp->h_length < 0)
 592                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 593                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 594                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 595                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 596                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 597                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 598                         shostname = snamebuf;
 599                 }
 600                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 601                     -1)
 602                         err(1, "bind");
 603         }
 604
 605         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 606         to = &whereto;
 607         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 608         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 609         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 610                 hostname = target;
 611         } else {
 612                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 613                 if (!hp)
 614                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 615                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 616
 617                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 618                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 619                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 620                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 621                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 622                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 623         }
 624
 625         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 626 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
 627         if (capdns != NULL) {
 628                 const char *types[1];
 629
 630                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 631                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 632                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 633         }
 634 #endif
 635         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 636                 err(1, "connect");
 637
 638         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 639                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 640
 641         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 642                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 643                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 644         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 645             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 646                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 647                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 648
 649         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 650                 timing = 1;
 651
 652         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 653                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 654                         *datap++ = i;
 655
 656         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 657
 658         hold = 1;
 659         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 660                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 661                     sizeof(hold));
 662                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 663                     sizeof(hold));
 664         }
 665         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 666                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 667                     sizeof(hold));
 668 #ifdef IPSEC
 669 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 670         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 671                 char *buf;
 672                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 673                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 674                         if (buf == NULL)
 675                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 676                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 677                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 678                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 679                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 680                         free(buf);
 681                 }
 682
 683                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 684                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 685                         if (buf == NULL)
 686                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 687                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 688                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 689                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 690                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 691                         free(buf);
 692                 }
 693         }
 694 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 695 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 696
 697         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 698                 struct ip ip;
 699
 700                 memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
 701                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 702                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 703                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 704                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 705                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 706                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 707                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 708                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 709                 }
 710                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 711                 ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
 712                 ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 713                 ip.ip_tos = tos;
 714                 ip.ip_id = 0;
 715                 ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 716                 ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
 717                 ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 718                 ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 719                 ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 720                 memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
 721         }
 722
 723         /*
 724          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 725          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 726          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 727          */
 728         caph_cache_catpages();
 729         if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
 730                 err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
 731
 732         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 733         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 734                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 735         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 736         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 737                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 738
 739         /* record route option */
 740         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 741 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 742                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 743                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 744                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 745                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 746                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 747                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 748                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 749                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 750 #else
 751                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 752                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 753 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 754         }
 755
 756         if (options & F_TTL) {
 757                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 758                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 759                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 760                 }
 761         }
 762         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 763                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 764                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 765                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 766                 }
 767         }
 768         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 769                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 770                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 771                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 772                 }
 773         }
 774         if (options & F_MIF) {
 775                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 776                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 777                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 778                 }
 779         }
 780 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 781         {
 782                 int on = 1;
 783                 int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
 784                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
 785                     sizeof(on)) < 0)
 786                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 787                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
 788                     sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
 789                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
 790         }
 791 #endif
 792         if (sweepmax) {
 793                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 794                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 795
 796                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 797                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 798
 799                 if (npackets > 0) {
 800                         snpackets = npackets;
 801                         npackets = 0;
 802                 } else
 803                         snpackets = 1;
 804                 datalen = sweepmin;
 805                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 806         }
 807         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 808                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 809
 810         /*
 811          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 812          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 813          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 814          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 815          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 816          */
 817
 818         /*
 819          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 820          * as well.
 821          */
 822         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 823         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 824             sizeof(hold));
 825         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 826         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 827         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 828                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 829         if (uid == 0)
 830                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 831                     sizeof(hold));
 832         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 833         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 834         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 835                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 836
 837         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 838                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 839                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 840                 if (source)
 841                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 842                 if (sweepmax)
 843                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 844                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 845                 else
 846                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 847
 848         } else {
 849                 if (sweepmax)
 850                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 851                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 852                 else
 853                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 854         }
 855
 856         /*
 857          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 858          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 859          */
 860
 861         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 862         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 863
 864         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 865         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 866                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 867         }
 868
 869         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 870         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 871                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 872         }
 873
 874         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 875                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 876                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 877                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 878         }
 879
 880         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 881         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 882         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 883         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 884 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 885         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 886         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 887 #endif
 888         iov.iov_base = packet;
 889         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 890
 891         if (preload == 0)
 892                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 893         else {
 894                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 895                         preload = npackets;
 896                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 897                         pinger();
 898         }
 899         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 900
 901         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 902                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 903                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 904         } else {
 905                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 906                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 907         }
 908
 909         almost_done = 0;
 910         while (!finish_up) {
 911                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 912                 fd_set rfds;
 913                 int n;
 914                 ssize_t cc;
 915
 916                 check_status();
 917                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 918                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 919                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 920                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 921                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 922                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 923                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 924                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 925                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 926                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 927                 if (n < 0)
 928                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 929                 if (n == 1) {
 930                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 931 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 932                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 933 #endif
 934                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 935                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 936                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 937                                         continue;
 938                                 warn("recvmsg");
 939                                 continue;
 940                         }
 941 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 942                         if (cmsg != NULL &&
 943                             cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 944                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 945                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 946                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 947                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 948                                 tv = &now;
 949                         }
 950 #endif
 951                         if (tv == NULL) {
 952                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 953                                 tv = &now;
 954                         }
 955                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 956                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 957                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 958                                 break;
 959                 }
 960                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 961                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 962                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 963                                         *datap++ = i;
 964                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 965                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 966                                         break;
 967                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 968                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 969                         }
 970                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 971                                 pinger();
 972                         else {
 973                                 if (almost_done)
 974                                         break;
 975                                 almost_done = 1;
 976                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 977                                 if (nreceived) {
 978                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 979                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 980                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 981                                 } else {
 982                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 983                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
 984                                 }
 985                         }
 986                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 987                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 988                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 989                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 990                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 991                         }
 992                 }
 993         }
 994         finish();
 995         /* NOTREACHED */
 996         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 997 }
 998
 999 /*
1000  * stopit --
1001  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1002  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1003  * to be called from a signal handler.
1004  */
1005 void
1006 stopit(int sig __unused)
1007 {
1008
1009         /*
1010          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1011          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1012          */
1013         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1014                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1015         finish_up = 1;
1016 }
1017
1018 /*
1019  * pinger --
1020  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1021  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1022  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1023  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1024  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1025  */
1026 static void
1027 pinger(void)
1028 {
1029         struct timespec now;
1030         struct tv32 tv32;
1031         struct icmp icp;
1032         int cc, i;
1033         u_char *packet;
1034
1035         packet = outpack;
1036         memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1037         icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1038         icp.icmp_code = 0;
1039         icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1040         icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1041         icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */
1042
1043         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1044
1045         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1046                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1047                 /*
1048                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1049                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1050                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1051                  * durations, not absolute times.
1052                  */
1053                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1054                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1055                 if (options & F_TIME)
1056                         icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1057                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1058                 if (timing)
1059                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1060                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1061                             sizeof(tv32));
1062         }
1063
1064         memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1065
1066         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1067
1068         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1069         icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1070         /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1071         memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1072             sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1073
1074         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1075                 struct ip ip;
1076
1077                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1078                 ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1079                 /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1080                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1081                     sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1082                 ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1083                 /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1084                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1085                     sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1086                 packet = outpackhdr;
1087         }
1088         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1089         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1090                 if (i < 0) {
1091                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1092                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1093                                 return;
1094                         }
1095                         warn("sendto");
1096                 } else {
1097                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1098                              hostname, i, cc);
1099                 }
1100         }
1101         ntransmitted++;
1102         sntransmitted++;
1103         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1104                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1105 }
1106
1107 /*
1108  * pr_pack --
1109  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1110  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1111  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1112  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1113  */
1114 static void
1115 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1116 {
1117         struct in_addr ina;
1118         u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1119         struct icmp icp;
1120         struct ip ip;
1121         const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1122         double triptime;
1123         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1124         uint16_t seq;
1125         static int old_rrlen;
1126         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1127         struct ip oip;
1128         u_char oip_header_len;
1129         struct icmp oicmp;
1130         const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1131
1132         /*
1133          * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1134          * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1135          * first byte.
1136          */
1137         memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1138         hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1139         memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1140
1141         /* Check the IP header */
1142         recv_len = cc;
1143         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1144                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1145                         warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1146                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1147                 return;
1148         }
1149
1150 #ifndef icmp_data
1151         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1152 #else
1153         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1154 #endif
1155
1156         /* Now the ICMP part */
1157         cc -= hlen;
1158         memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1159         if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1160                 if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1161                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1162                 ++nreceived;
1163                 triptime = 0.0;
1164                 if (timing) {
1165                         struct timespec tv1;
1166                         struct tv32 tv32;
1167                         const u_char *tp;
1168
1169                         tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1170
1171                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1172                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1173                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1174                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1175                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1176                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1177                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1178                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1179                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1180                                 tsum += triptime;
1181                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1182                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1183                                         tmin = triptime;
1184                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1185                                         tmax = triptime;
1186                         } else
1187                                 timing = 0;
1188                 }
1189
1190                 seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1191
1192                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1193                         ++nrepeats;
1194                         --nreceived;
1195                         dupflag = 1;
1196                 } else {
1197                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1198                         dupflag = 0;
1199                 }
1200
1201                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1202                         return;
1203
1204                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1205                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1206                         return;
1207                 }
1208
1209                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1210                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1211                 else {
1212                         (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1213                             pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1214                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1215                         if (timing)
1216                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1217                         if (dupflag)
1218                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1219                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1220                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1221                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1222                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1223                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1224                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1225                         }
1226                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1227                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1228                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1229                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1230                         }
1231                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1232                                 (void)printf(
1233                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1234                                      recv_len, send_len);
1235                         }
1236                         /* check the data */
1237                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1238                                 icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1239                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1240                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1241                         i = 0;
1242                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1243                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1244                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1245                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1246                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1247                         }
1248                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1249                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1250         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1251             i, *dp, *cp);
1252                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1253                                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1254                                             offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1255                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1256                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1257                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1258                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1259                                         }
1260                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1261                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1262                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1263                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1264                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1265                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1266                                         }
1267                                         break;
1268                                 }
1269                         }
1270                 }
1271         } else {
1272                 /*
1273                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1274                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1275                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1276                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1277                  *
1278                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1279                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1280                  * available to those not running as root.
1281                  */
1282                 memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1283                 oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1284                 memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1285                 oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1286                 memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1287                     sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1288
1289                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1290                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1291                      (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1292                      (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1293                      (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1294                      (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1295                     (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1296                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1297                     pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1298                 } else
1299                     return;
1300         }
1301
1302         /* Display any IP options */
1303         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1304
1305         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1306                 switch (*cp) {
1307                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1308                         hlen = 0;
1309                         break;
1310                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1311                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1312                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1313                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1314                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1315                         hlen -= 2;
1316                         cp += 2;
1317                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1318                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1319                                 for (;;) {
1320                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1321                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1322                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1323                                         else
1324                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1325                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1326                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1327                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1328                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1329                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1330                                                 break;
1331                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1332                                 }
1333                         } else
1334                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1335                         break;
1336                 case IPOPT_RR:
1337                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1338                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1339                         hlen -= 2;
1340                         cp += 2;
1341                         if (i > j)
1342                                 i = j;
1343                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1344                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1345                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1346                                 continue;
1347                         }
1348                         if (i == old_rrlen
1349                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1350                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1351                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1352                                 hlen -= i;
1353                                 cp += i;
1354                                 break;
1355                         }
1356                         old_rrlen = i;
1357                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1358                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1359                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1360                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1361                                 for (;;) {
1362                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1363                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1364                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1365                                         else
1366                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1367                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1368                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1369                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1370                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1371                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1372                                                 break;
1373                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1374                                 }
1375                         } else
1376                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1377                         break;
1378                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1379                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1380                         break;
1381                 default:
1382                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1383                         break;
1384                 }
1385         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1386                 (void)putchar('\n');
1387                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1388         }
1389 }
1390
1391 /*
1392  * status --
1393  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1394  */
1395
1396 static void
1397 status(int sig __unused)
1398 {
1399
1400         siginfo_p = 1;
1401 }
1402
1403 static void
1404 check_status(void)
1405 {
1406
1407         if (siginfo_p) {
1408                 siginfo_p = 0;
1409                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1410                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1411                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1412                 if (nreceived && timing)
1413                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1414                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1415                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1416         }
1417 }
1418
1419 /*
1420  * finish --
1421  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1422  */
1423 static void
1424 finish(void)
1425 {
1426
1427         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1428         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1429         (void)putchar('\n');
1430         (void)fflush(stdout);
1431         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1432         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1433         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1434         if (nrepeats)
1435                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1436         if (ntransmitted) {
1437                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1438                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1439                 else
1440                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1441                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1442                             ntransmitted);
1443         }
1444         if (nrcvtimeout)
1445                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1446         (void)putchar('\n');
1447         if (nreceived && timing) {
1448                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1449                 double avg = tsum / n;
1450                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1451                 (void)printf(
1452                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1453                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1454         }
1455
1456         if (nreceived)
1457                 exit(0);
1458         else
1459                 exit(2);
1460 }
1461
1462 #ifdef notdef
1463 static char *ttab[] = {
1464         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1465         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1466         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1467         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1468         "Echo",
1469         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1470         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1471         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1472         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1473         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1474         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1475 };
1476 #endif
1477
1478 /*
1479  * pr_icmph --
1480  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1481  */
1482 static void
1483 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1484 {
1485
1486         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1487         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1488                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1489                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1490                 break;
1491         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1492                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1493                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1494                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1495                         break;
1496                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1497                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1498                         break;
1499                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1500                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1501                         break;
1502                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1503                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1504                         break;
1505                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1506                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1507                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1508                         break;
1509                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1510                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1511                         break;
1512                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1513                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1514                         break;
1515                 default:
1516                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1517                             icp->icmp_code);
1518                         break;
1519                 }
1520                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1521                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1522                 break;
1523         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1524                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1525                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1526                 break;
1527         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1528                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1529                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1530                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1531                         break;
1532                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1533                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1534                         break;
1535                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1536                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1537                         break;
1538                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1539                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1540                         break;
1541                 default:
1542                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1543                         break;
1544                 }
1545                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1546                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1547                 break;
1548         case ICMP_ECHO:
1549                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1550                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1551                 break;
1552         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1553                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1554                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1555                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1556                         break;
1557                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1558                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1559                         break;
1560                 default:
1561                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1562                             icp->icmp_code);
1563                         break;
1564                 }
1565                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1566                 break;
1567         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1568                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1569                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1570                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1571                 break;
1572         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1573                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1574                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1575                 break;
1576         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1577                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1578                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1579                 break;
1580         case ICMP_IREQ:
1581                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1582                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1583                 break;
1584         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1585                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1586                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1587                 break;
1588         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1589                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1590                 break;
1591         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1592                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1593                 break;
1594         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1595                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1596                 break;
1597         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1598                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1599                 break;
1600         default:
1601                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1602         }
1603 }
1604
1605 /*
1606  * pr_iph --
1607  *      Print an IP header with options.
1608  */
1609 static void
1610 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1611 {
1612         struct in_addr ina;
1613         u_char *cp;
1614         int hlen;
1615
1616         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1617         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1618
1619         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1620         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1621             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1622             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1623         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1624             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1625             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1626         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1627                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1628         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1629         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1630         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1631         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1632         /* dump any option bytes */
1633         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1634                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1635         }
1636         (void)putchar('\n');
1637 }
1638
1639 /*
1640  * pr_addr --
1641  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1642  * a hostname.
1643  */
1644 static char *
1645 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1646 {
1647         struct hostent *hp;
1648         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1649
1650         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1651                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1652
1653         hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1654
1655         if (hp == NULL)
1656                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1657
1658         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1659             inet_ntoa(ina));
1660         return(buf);
1661 }
1662
1663 /*
1664  * pr_retip --
1665  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1666  */
1667 static void
1668 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1669 {
1670         pr_iph(ip);
1671
1672         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1673                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1674                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1675         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1676                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1677                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1678 }
1679
1680 static char *
1681 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1682 {
1683         static char buf[11];
1684         int hour, min, sec;
1685
1686         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1687         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1688         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1689         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1690
1691         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1692
1693         return (buf);
1694 }
1695
1696 static void
1697 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1698 {
1699         char *cp;
1700         int pat[16];
1701         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1702
1703         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1704                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1705                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1706                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1707
1708         }
1709         ii = sscanf(patp,
1710             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1711             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1712             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1713             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1714
1715         if (ii > 0)
1716                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1717                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1718                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1719         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1720                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1721                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1722                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1723                 (void)printf("\n");
1724         }
1725 }
1726
1727 static cap_channel_t *
1728 capdns_setup(void)
1729 {
1730         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1731 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1732         const char *types[2];
1733         int families[1];
1734 #endif
1735         capcas = cap_init();
1736         if (capcas == NULL)
1737                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1738         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1739         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1740         cap_close(capcas);
1741         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1742                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1743 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1744         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1745         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1746         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1747                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1748         families[0] = AF_INET;
1749         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1750                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1751 #endif
1752         return (capdnsloc);
1753 }
1754
1755 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1756 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1757 #else
1758 #define SECOPT          ""
1759 #endif
1760 static void
1761 usage(void)
1762 {
1763
1764         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1765 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1766 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1767 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1768 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1769 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1770 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1771 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1772 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1773         exit(EX_USAGE);
1774 }