sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  67 #include <sys/socket.h>
  68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  69 #include <sys/time.h>
  70 #include <sys/uio.h>
  71
  72 #include <netinet/in.h>
  73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  78
  79 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
  80 #include <libcasper.h>
  81 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  82 #endif
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <ctype.h>
  89 #include <err.h>
  90 #include <errno.h>
  91 #include <math.h>
  92 #include <netdb.h>
  93 #include <signal.h>
  94 #include <stdio.h>
  95 #include <stdlib.h>
  96 #include <string.h>
  97 #include <sysexits.h>
  98 #include <unistd.h>
  99
 100 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 102 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 103 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 104 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 106                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 107 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 108 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 109 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 110 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 111 #define MAXTOS          255
 112
 113 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 114 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 115 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 116 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 117 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 118
 119 struct tv32 {
 120         int32_t tv32_sec;
 121         int32_t tv32_usec;
 122 };
 123
 124 /* various options */
 125 static int options;
 126 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 127 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 128 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 129 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 130 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 131 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 132 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 134 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 135 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 136 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 137 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 138 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 139 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 140 #ifdef IPSEC
 141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 142 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 144 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 145 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 146 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 147 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 148 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 149 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 150 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 151 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 152 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 153
 154 /*
 155  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 156  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 157  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 158  */
 159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 162
 163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 165 static int maxpayload;
 166 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 167 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 169 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 170 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 171 static char DOT = '.';
 172 static char *hostname;
 173 static char *shostname;
 174 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 175 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 178 static int phdr_len = 0;
 179 static int send_len;
 180
 181 /* counters */
 182 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 183 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 184 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 185 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 186 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 187 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 188 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 189 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 190 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 191 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 192 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 195
 196 /* timing */
 197 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 198 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 199 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 200 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 201 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 202
 203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 206
 207 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 209 #endif
 210
 211 static void fill(char *, char *);
 212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 213 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 215 #endif
 216 static void check_status(void);
 217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 218 static void pinger(void);
 219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 225 static void status(int);
 226 static void stopit(int);
 227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
 228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 229
 230 int
 231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 232 {
 233         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 234         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 235         struct timeval last, intvl;
 236         struct iovec iov;
 237         struct ip *ip;
 238         struct msghdr msg;
 239         struct sigaction si_sa;
 240         size_t sz;
 241         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 242         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 243         struct hostent *hp;
 244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 245         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 246 #endif
 247         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 248         double t;
 249         u_long alarmtimeout;
 250         long ltmp;
 251         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 252         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 253         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 254         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 255 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 256         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 257 #endif
 258         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 259
 260         payload = source = NULL;
 261 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 262         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 263 #endif
 264         cap_rights_t rights;
 265         bool cansandbox;
 266
 267         /*
 268          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 269          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 270          * after arg parsing.
 271          *
 272          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 273          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 274          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 275          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 276          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 277          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 278          * packets.
 279          */
 280         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 281         ssend_errno = errno;
 282         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 283         srecv_errno = errno;
 284
 285         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 286                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 287         uid = getuid();
 288
 289         if (ssend < 0) {
 290                 errno = ssend_errno;
 291                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 292         }
 293
 294         if (srecv < 0) {
 295                 errno = srecv_errno;
 296                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 297         }
 298
 299         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 300
 301         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 302         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 303                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 304 #ifdef IPSEC
 305 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 306                 "P:"
 307 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 308 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 309                 )) != -1)
 310         {
 311                 switch(ch) {
 312                 case 'A':
 313                         options |= F_MISSED;
 314                         break;
 315                 case 'a':
 316                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 317                         break;
 318                 case 'c':
 319                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 320                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > LONG_MAX || ltmp <=0)
 321                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 322                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 323                                     optarg);
 324                         npackets = ltmp;
 325                         break;
 326                 case 'D':
 327                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 328                         df = 1;
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'd':
 331                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 332                         break;
 333                 case 'f':
 334                         if (uid) {
 335                                 errno = EPERM;
 336                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 337                         }
 338                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 339                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 340                         break;
 341                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 342                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 343                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 344                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 345                                     optarg);
 346                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 347                                 errno = EPERM;
 348                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 349                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 350                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 351                         }
 352                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 353                         sweepmax = ltmp;
 354                         break;
 355                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 356                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 357                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 358                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 359                                     optarg);
 360                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 361                                 errno = EPERM;
 362                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 363                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 364                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 365                         }
 366                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 367                         sweepmin = ltmp;
 368                         break;
 369                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 370                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 371                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
 372                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 373                                     optarg);
 374                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 375                                 errno = EPERM;
 376                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 377                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 378                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 379                         }
 380                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 381                         sweepincr = ltmp;
 382                         break;
 383                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 384                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 385                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 386                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 387                                     optarg);
 388                         options |= F_MIF;
 389                         break;
 390                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 391                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 392                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 393                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 394                                     optarg);
 395                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 396                         interval = (int)t;
 397                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 398                                 errno = EPERM;
 399                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 400                         }
 401                         break;
 402                 case 'L':
 403                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 404                         loop = 0;
 405                         break;
 406                 case 'l':
 407                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 408                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
 409                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 410                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 411                         if (uid) {
 412                                 errno = EPERM;
 413                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 414                         }
 415                         preload = ltmp;
 416                         break;
 417                 case 'M':
 418                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 419                         case 'M':
 420                         case 'm':
 421                                 options |= F_MASK;
 422                                 break;
 423                         case 'T':
 424                         case 't':
 425                                 options |= F_TIME;
 426                                 break;
 427                         default:
 428                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 429                                 break;
 430                         }
 431                         break;
 432                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 433                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 434                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 435                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 436                         ttl = ltmp;
 437                         options |= F_TTL;
 438                         break;
 439                 case 'n':
 440                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 441                         break;
 442                 case 'o':
 443                         options |= F_ONCE;
 444                         break;
 445 #ifdef IPSEC
 446 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 447                 case 'P':
 448                         options |= F_POLICY;
 449                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 450                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 451                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 452                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 453                         else
 454                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 455                         break;
 456 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 457 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 458                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 459                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 460                         payload = optarg;
 461                         break;
 462                 case 'Q':
 463                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 464                         break;
 465                 case 'q':
 466                         options |= F_QUIET;
 467                         break;
 468                 case 'R':
 469                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 470                         break;
 471                 case 'r':
 472                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 473                         break;
 474                 case 'S':
 475                         source = optarg;
 476                         break;
 477                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 478                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 479                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
 480                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 481                                     optarg);
 482                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 483                                 errno = EPERM;
 484                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 485                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 486                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 487                         }
 488                         datalen = ltmp;
 489                         break;
 490                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 491                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 492                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 493                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 494                                     optarg);
 495                         mttl = ltmp;
 496                         options |= F_MTTL;
 497                         break;
 498                 case 't':
 499                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 500                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 501                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 502                                     optarg);
 503                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 504                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 505                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 506                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 507                         break;
 508                 case 'v':
 509                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 510                         break;
 511                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 512                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 513                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 514                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 515                                     optarg);
 516                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 517                         waittime = (int)t;
 518                         break;
 519                 case 'z':
 520                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 521                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 522                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 523                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 524                         tos = ltmp;
 525                         break;
 526                 default:
 527                         usage();
 528                 }
 529         }
 530
 531         if (argc - optind != 1)
 532                 usage();
 533         target = argv[optind];
 534
 535         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 536         case 0: break;
 537         case F_MASK:
 538                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 539                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 540                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 541                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 542                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 543                 break;
 544         case F_TIME:
 545                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 546                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 547                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 548                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 549                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 550                 break;
 551         default:
 552                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 553                 break;
 554         }
 555         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 556         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 557                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 558         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 559         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 560                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 561                     maxpayload);
 562         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 563         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 564         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 565                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 566         }
 567 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 568         capdns = capdns_setup();
 569 #endif
 570         if (source) {
 571                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 572                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 573                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 574                         shostname = source;
 575                 } else {
 576 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 577                         if (capdns != NULL)
 578                                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
 579                                     AF_INET);
 580                         else
 581 #endif
 582                                 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 583                         if (!hp)
 584                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 585                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 586
 587                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 588                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 589                             hp->h_length < 0)
 590                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 591                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 592                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 593                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 594                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 595                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 596                         shostname = snamebuf;
 597                 }
 598                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 599                     -1)
 600                         err(1, "bind");
 601         }
 602
 603         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 604         to = &whereto;
 605         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 606         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 607         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 608                 hostname = target;
 609         } else {
 610 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 611                 if (capdns != NULL)
 612                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 613                 else
 614 #endif
 615                         hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 616                 if (!hp)
 617                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 618                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 619
 620                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 621                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 622                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 623                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 624                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 625                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 626         }
 627
 628 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 629         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 630         if (capdns != NULL) {
 631                 const char *types[1];
 632
 633                 types[0] = "ADDR";
 634                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 635                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 636         }
 637 #endif
 638
 639         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 640                 err(1, "connect");
 641
 642         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 643                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 644
 645         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 646                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 647                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 648         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 649             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 650                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 651                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 652
 653         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 654                 timing = 1;
 655
 656         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 657                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 658                         *datap++ = i;
 659
 660         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 661
 662         hold = 1;
 663         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 664                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 665                     sizeof(hold));
 666                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 667                     sizeof(hold));
 668         }
 669         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 670                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 671                     sizeof(hold));
 672 #ifdef IPSEC
 673 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 674         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 675                 char *buf;
 676                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 677                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 678                         if (buf == NULL)
 679                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 680                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 681                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 682                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 683                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 684                         free(buf);
 685                 }
 686
 687                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 688                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 689                         if (buf == NULL)
 690                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 691                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 692                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 693                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 694                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 695                         free(buf);
 696                 }
 697         }
 698 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 699 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 700
 701         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 702                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 703                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 704                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 705                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 706                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 707                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 708                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 709                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 710                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 711                 }
 712                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 713                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 714                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 715                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 716                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 717                 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 718                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 719                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 720                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 721                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 722         }
 723
 724         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
 725                 cansandbox = true;
 726 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 727         else if (capdns != NULL)
 728                 cansandbox = true;
 729 #endif
 730         else
 731                 cansandbox = false;
 732
 733         /*
 734          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 735          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 736          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 737          */
 738         if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 739                 err(1, "cap_enter");
 740
 741         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 742         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 743                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 744
 745         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 746         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 747                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 748
 749         /* record route option */
 750         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 751 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 752                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 753                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 754                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 755                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 756                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 757                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 758                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 759                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 760 #else
 761                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 762                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 763 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 764         }
 765
 766         if (options & F_TTL) {
 767                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 768                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 769                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 770                 }
 771         }
 772         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 773                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 774                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 775                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 776                 }
 777         }
 778         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 779                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 780                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 781                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 782                 }
 783         }
 784         if (options & F_MIF) {
 785                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 786                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 787                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 788                 }
 789         }
 790 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 791         { int on = 1;
 792         if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 793                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 794         }
 795 #endif
 796         if (sweepmax) {
 797                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 798                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 799
 800                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 801                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 802
 803                 if (npackets > 0) {
 804                         snpackets = npackets;
 805                         npackets = 0;
 806                 } else
 807                         snpackets = 1;
 808                 datalen = sweepmin;
 809                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 810         }
 811         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 812                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 813
 814         /*
 815          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 816          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 817          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 818          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 819          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 820          */
 821
 822         /*
 823          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 824          * as well.
 825          */
 826         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 827         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 828             sizeof(hold));
 829         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 830         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 831         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 832                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 833         if (uid == 0)
 834                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 835                     sizeof(hold));
 836         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 837         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 838         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 839                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 840
 841         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 842                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 843                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 844                 if (source)
 845                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 846                 if (sweepmax)
 847                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 848                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 849                 else
 850                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 851
 852         } else {
 853                 if (sweepmax)
 854                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 855                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 856                 else
 857                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 858         }
 859
 860         /*
 861          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 862          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 863          */
 864
 865         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 866         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 867
 868         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 869         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 870                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 871         }
 872
 873         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 874         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 875                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 876         }
 877
 878         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 879                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 880                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 881                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 882         }
 883
 884         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 885         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 886         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 887         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 888 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 889         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 890 #endif
 891         iov.iov_base = packet;
 892         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 893
 894         if (preload == 0)
 895                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 896         else {
 897                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 898                         preload = npackets;
 899                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 900                         pinger();
 901         }
 902         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 903
 904         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 905                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 906                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 907         } else {
 908                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 909                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 910         }
 911
 912         almost_done = 0;
 913         while (!finish_up) {
 914                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 915                 fd_set rfds;
 916                 int cc, n;
 917
 918                 check_status();
 919                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 920                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 921                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 922                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 923                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 924                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 925                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 926                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 927                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 928                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 929                 }
 930                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 931                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 932                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 933                 }
 934                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 935                         timerclear(&timeout);
 936                 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 937                 if (n < 0)
 938                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 939                 if (n == 1) {
 940                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 941 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 942                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 943
 944                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 945 #endif
 946                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 947                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 948                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 949                                         continue;
 950                                 warn("recvmsg");
 951                                 continue;
 952                         }
 953 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 954                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 955                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 956                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 957                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 958                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 959                                 tv = &now;
 960                         }
 961 #endif
 962                         if (tv == NULL) {
 963                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 964                                 tv = &now;
 965                         }
 966                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 967                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 968                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 969                                 break;
 970                 }
 971                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 972                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 973                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 974                                         *datap++ = i;
 975                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 976                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 977                                         break;
 978                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 979                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 980                         }
 981                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 982                                 pinger();
 983                         else {
 984                                 if (almost_done)
 985                                         break;
 986                                 almost_done = 1;
 987                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 988                                 if (nreceived) {
 989                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 990                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 991                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 992                                 } else {
 993                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 994                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 995                                 }
 996                         }
 997                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 998                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 999                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1000                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1001                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1002                         }
1003                 }
1004         }
1005         finish();
1006         /* NOTREACHED */
1007         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1008 }
1009
1010 /*
1011  * stopit --
1012  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1013  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1014  * to be called from a signal handler.
1015  */
1016 void
1017 stopit(int sig __unused)
1018 {
1019
1020         /*
1021          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1022          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1023          */
1024         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1025                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1026         finish_up = 1;
1027 }
1028
1029 /*
1030  * pinger --
1031  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1032  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1033  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1034  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1035  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1036  */
1037 static void
1038 pinger(void)
1039 {
1040         struct timeval now;
1041         struct tv32 tv32;
1042         struct ip *ip;
1043         struct icmp *icp;
1044         int cc, i;
1045         u_char *packet;
1046
1047         packet = outpack;
1048         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1049         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1050         icp->icmp_code = 0;
1051         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1052         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1053         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
1054
1055         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1056
1057         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1058                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1059
1060                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1061                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1062                 if (options & F_TIME)
1063                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1064                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1065                 if (timing)
1066                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1067                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1068                             sizeof(tv32));
1069         }
1070
1071         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1072
1073         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1074         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1075
1076         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1077                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1078                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1079                 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1080                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1081                 packet = outpackhdr;
1082         }
1083         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1084         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1085                 if (i < 0) {
1086                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1087                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1088                                 return;
1089                         }
1090                         warn("sendto");
1091                 } else {
1092                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1093                              hostname, i, cc);
1094                 }
1095         }
1096         ntransmitted++;
1097         sntransmitted++;
1098         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1099                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1100 }
1101
1102 /*
1103  * pr_pack --
1104  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1105  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1106  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1107  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1108  */
1109 static void
1110 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1111 {
1112         struct in_addr ina;
1113         u_char *cp, *dp;
1114         struct icmp *icp;
1115         struct ip *ip;
1116         const void *tp;
1117         double triptime;
1118         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1119         static int old_rrlen;
1120         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1121
1122         /* Check the IP header */
1123         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1124         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1125         recv_len = cc;
1126         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1127                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1128                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1129                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1130                 return;
1131         }
1132
1133         /* Now the ICMP part */
1134         cc -= hlen;
1135         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1136         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1137                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1138                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1139                 ++nreceived;
1140                 triptime = 0.0;
1141                 if (timing) {
1142                         struct timeval tv1;
1143                         struct tv32 tv32;
1144 #ifndef icmp_data
1145                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1146 #else
1147                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1148 #endif
1149                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1150
1151                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1152                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1153                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1154                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1155                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1156                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1157                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1158                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1159                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1160                                 tsum += triptime;
1161                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1162                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1163                                         tmin = triptime;
1164                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1165                                         tmax = triptime;
1166                         } else
1167                                 timing = 0;
1168                 }
1169
1170                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1171
1172                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1173                         ++nrepeats;
1174                         --nreceived;
1175                         dupflag = 1;
1176                 } else {
1177                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1178                         dupflag = 0;
1179                 }
1180
1181                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1182                         return;
1183
1184                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1185                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1186                         return;
1187                 }
1188
1189                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1190                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1191                 else {
1192                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1193                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1194                            seq);
1195                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1196                         if (timing)
1197                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1198                         if (dupflag)
1199                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1200                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1201                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1202                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1203                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1204                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1205                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1206                         }
1207                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1208                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1209                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1210                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1211                         }
1212                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1213                                 (void)printf(
1214                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1215                                      recv_len, send_len);
1216                         }
1217                         /* check the data */
1218                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1219                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1220                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1221                         i = 0;
1222                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1223                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1224                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1225                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1226                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1227                         }
1228                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1229                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1230         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1231             i, *dp, *cp);
1232                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1233                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1234                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1235                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1236                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1237                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1238                                         }
1239                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1240                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1241                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1242                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1243                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1244                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1245                                         }
1246                                         break;
1247                                 }
1248                         }
1249                 }
1250         } else {
1251                 /*
1252                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1253                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1254                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1255                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1256                  *
1257                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1258                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1259                  * available to those not running as root.
1260                  */
1261 #ifndef icmp_data
1262                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1263 #else
1264                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1265 #endif
1266                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1267
1268                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1269                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1270                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1271                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1272                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1273                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1274                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1275                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1276                     pr_icmph(icp);
1277                 } else
1278                     return;
1279         }
1280
1281         /* Display any IP options */
1282         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1283
1284         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1285                 switch (*cp) {
1286                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1287                         hlen = 0;
1288                         break;
1289                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1290                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1291                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1292                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1293                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1294                         hlen -= 2;
1295                         cp += 2;
1296                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1297                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1298                                 for (;;) {
1299                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1300                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1301                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1302                                         else
1303                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1304                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1305                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1306                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1307                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1308                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1309                                                 break;
1310                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1311                                 }
1312                         } else
1313                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1314                         break;
1315                 case IPOPT_RR:
1316                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1317                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1318                         hlen -= 2;
1319                         cp += 2;
1320                         if (i > j)
1321                                 i = j;
1322                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1323                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1324                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1325                                 continue;
1326                         }
1327                         if (i == old_rrlen
1328                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1329                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1330                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1331                                 hlen -= i;
1332                                 cp += i;
1333                                 break;
1334                         }
1335                         old_rrlen = i;
1336                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1337                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1338                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1339                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1340                                 for (;;) {
1341                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1342                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1343                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1344                                         else
1345                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1346                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1347                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1348                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1349                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1350                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1351                                                 break;
1352                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1353                                 }
1354                         } else
1355                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1356                         break;
1357                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1358                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1359                         break;
1360                 default:
1361                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1362                         break;
1363                 }
1364         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1365                 (void)putchar('\n');
1366                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1367         }
1368 }
1369
1370 /*
1371  * in_cksum --
1372  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1373  */
1374 u_short
1375 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1376 {
1377         int nleft, sum;
1378         u_short *w;
1379         union {
1380                 u_short us;
1381                 u_char  uc[2];
1382         } last;
1383         u_short answer;
1384
1385         nleft = len;
1386         sum = 0;
1387         w = addr;
1388
1389         /*
1390          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1391          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1392          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1393          */
1394         while (nleft > 1)  {
1395                 sum += *w++;
1396                 nleft -= 2;
1397         }
1398
1399         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1400         if (nleft == 1) {
1401                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1402                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1403                 sum += last.us;
1404         }
1405
1406         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1407         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1408         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1409         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1410         return(answer);
1411 }
1412
1413 /*
1414  * tvsub --
1415  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1416  * be >= in.
1417  */
1418 static void
1419 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1420 {
1421
1422         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1423                 --out->tv_sec;
1424                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1425         }
1426         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1427 }
1428
1429 /*
1430  * status --
1431  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1432  */
1433
1434 static void
1435 status(int sig __unused)
1436 {
1437
1438         siginfo_p = 1;
1439 }
1440
1441 static void
1442 check_status(void)
1443 {
1444
1445         if (siginfo_p) {
1446                 siginfo_p = 0;
1447                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1448                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1449                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1450                 if (nreceived && timing)
1451                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1452                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1453                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1454         }
1455 }
1456
1457 /*
1458  * finish --
1459  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1460  */
1461 static void
1462 finish(void)
1463 {
1464
1465         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1466         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1467         (void)putchar('\n');
1468         (void)fflush(stdout);
1469         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1470         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1471         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1472         if (nrepeats)
1473                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1474         if (ntransmitted) {
1475                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1476                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1477                 else
1478                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1479                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1480                             ntransmitted);
1481         }
1482         if (nrcvtimeout)
1483                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1484         (void)putchar('\n');
1485         if (nreceived && timing) {
1486                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1487                 double avg = tsum / n;
1488                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1489                 (void)printf(
1490                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1491                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1492         }
1493
1494         if (nreceived)
1495                 exit(0);
1496         else
1497                 exit(2);
1498 }
1499
1500 #ifdef notdef
1501 static char *ttab[] = {
1502         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1503         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1504         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1505         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1506         "Echo",
1507         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1508         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1509         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1510         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1511         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1512         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1513 };
1514 #endif
1515
1516 /*
1517  * pr_icmph --
1518  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1519  */
1520 static void
1521 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1522 {
1523
1524         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1525         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1526                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1527                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1528                 break;
1529         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1530                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1531                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1532                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1533                         break;
1534                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1535                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1536                         break;
1537                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1538                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1539                         break;
1540                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1541                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1542                         break;
1543                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1544                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1545                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1546                         break;
1547                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1548                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1549                         break;
1550                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1551                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1552                         break;
1553                 default:
1554                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1555                             icp->icmp_code);
1556                         break;
1557                 }
1558                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1559 #ifndef icmp_data
1560                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1561 #else
1562                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1563 #endif
1564                 break;
1565         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1566                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1567 #ifndef icmp_data
1568                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1569 #else
1570                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1571 #endif
1572                 break;
1573         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1574                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1575                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1576                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1577                         break;
1578                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1579                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1580                         break;
1581                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1582                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1583                         break;
1584                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1585                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1586                         break;
1587                 default:
1588                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1589                         break;
1590                 }
1591                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1592 #ifndef icmp_data
1593                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1594 #else
1595                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1596 #endif
1597                 break;
1598         case ICMP_ECHO:
1599                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1600                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1601                 break;
1602         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1603                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1604                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1605                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1606                         break;
1607                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1608                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1609                         break;
1610                 default:
1611                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1612                             icp->icmp_code);
1613                         break;
1614                 }
1615 #ifndef icmp_data
1616                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1617 #else
1618                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1619 #endif
1620                 break;
1621         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1622                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1623                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1624 #ifndef icmp_data
1625                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1626 #else
1627                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1628 #endif
1629                 break;
1630         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1631                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1632                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1633                 break;
1634         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1635                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1636                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1637                 break;
1638         case ICMP_IREQ:
1639                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1640                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1641                 break;
1642         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1643                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1644                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1645                 break;
1646         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1647                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1648                 break;
1649         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1650                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1651                 break;
1652         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1653                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1654                 break;
1655         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1656                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1657                 break;
1658         default:
1659                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1660         }
1661 }
1662
1663 /*
1664  * pr_iph --
1665  *      Print an IP header with options.
1666  */
1667 static void
1668 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1669 {
1670         struct in_addr ina;
1671         u_char *cp;
1672         int hlen;
1673
1674         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1675         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1676
1677         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1678         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1679             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1680             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1681         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1682             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1683             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1684         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1685                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1686         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1687         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1688         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1689         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1690         /* dump any option bytes */
1691         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1692                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1693         }
1694         (void)putchar('\n');
1695 }
1696
1697 /*
1698  * pr_addr --
1699  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1700  * a hostname.
1701  */
1702 static char *
1703 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1704 {
1705         struct hostent *hp;
1706         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1707
1708         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1709                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1710
1711 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1712         if (capdns != NULL)
1713                 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1714         else
1715 #endif
1716                 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1717
1718         if (hp == NULL)
1719                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1720
1721         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1722             inet_ntoa(ina));
1723         return(buf);
1724 }
1725
1726 /*
1727  * pr_retip --
1728  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1729  */
1730 static void
1731 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1732 {
1733         u_char *cp;
1734         int hlen;
1735
1736         pr_iph(ip);
1737         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1738         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1739
1740         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1741                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1742                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1743         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1744                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1745                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1746 }
1747
1748 static char *
1749 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1750 {
1751         static char buf[10];
1752         int hour, min, sec;
1753
1754         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1755         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1756         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1757         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1758
1759         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1760
1761         return (buf);
1762 }
1763
1764 static void
1765 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1766 {
1767         char *cp;
1768         int pat[16];
1769         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1770
1771         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1772                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1773                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1774                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1775
1776         }
1777         ii = sscanf(patp,
1778             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1779             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1780             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1781             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1782
1783         if (ii > 0)
1784                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1785                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1786                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1787         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1788                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1789                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1790                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1791                 (void)printf("\n");
1792         }
1793 }
1794
1795 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1796 static cap_channel_t *
1797 capdns_setup(void)
1798 {
1799         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1800         const char *types[2];
1801         int families[1];
1802
1803         capcas = cap_init();
1804         if (capcas == NULL)
1805                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1806         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1807         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1808         cap_close(capcas);
1809         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1810                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1811         types[0] = "NAME";
1812         types[1] = "ADDR";
1813         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1814                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1815         families[0] = AF_INET;
1816         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1817                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1818
1819         return (capdnsloc);
1820 }
1821 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCASPER */
1822
1823 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1824 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1825 #else
1826 #define SECOPT          ""
1827 #endif
1828 static void
1829 usage(void)
1830 {
1831
1832         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1833 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1834 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1835 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1836 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1837 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1838 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1839 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1840 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1841         exit(EX_USAGE);
1842 }