2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
50 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
67 #include <sys/socket.h>
68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
72 #include <netinet/in.h>
73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 #include <libcasper.h>
81 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
100 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
102 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
103 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
104 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
106 /* runs out of buffer space */
107 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
108 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
109 #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */
110 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
113 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
114 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
115 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
116 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
117 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
124 /* various options */
126 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
127 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
128 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
129 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
130 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
131 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
132 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
134 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
135 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
136 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
137 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
139 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
142 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
146 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
147 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
148 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
149 #define F_MASK 0x80000
150 #define F_TIME 0x100000
151 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
152 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000
155 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
156 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
157 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
165 static int maxpayload;
166 static int ssend; /* send socket file descriptor */
167 static int srecv; /* receive socket file descriptor */
168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
169 static char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
170 static char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
171 static char DOT = '.';
172 static char *hostname;
173 static char *shostname;
174 static int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
175 static int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
178 static int phdr_len = 0;
182 static long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
183 static long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
184 static long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
185 static long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
186 static long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
187 static long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
188 static long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
189 static int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
190 static int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
191 static int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
192 static int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */
194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0; /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
197 static int timing; /* flag to do timing */
198 static double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
199 static double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
200 static double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
201 static double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
207 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
211 static void fill(char *, char *);
212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
213 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
216 static void check_status(void);
217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
218 static void pinger(void);
219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
225 static void status(int);
226 static void stopit(int);
227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
233 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234 struct in_addr ifaddr;
235 struct timeval last, intvl;
239 struct sigaction si_sa;
241 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
242 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
247 struct sockaddr_in *to;
251 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
252 int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
253 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
254 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
256 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
258 unsigned char loop, mttl;
260 payload = source = NULL;
261 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
262 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
268 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
269 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
272 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
273 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
274 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
275 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
276 * from different addresses, not from the address we
277 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
280 ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282 srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
285 if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
286 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
291 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
296 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
299 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
301 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
302 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
303 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
305 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
307 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
316 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
319 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
320 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
322 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
327 options |= F_HDRINCL;
331 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
336 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
339 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
341 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
342 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
343 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
344 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
346 if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
349 "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
355 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
356 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
357 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
358 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
360 if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
363 "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
369 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
370 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
371 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
372 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
374 if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
377 "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
383 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
384 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
386 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
390 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
391 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
392 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
393 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
395 options |= F_INTERVAL;
397 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
399 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
407 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
408 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
410 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
413 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
428 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
433 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
434 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
435 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
440 options |= F_NUMERIC;
446 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
449 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
450 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
451 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
452 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
454 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
456 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
458 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
459 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
472 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
477 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
478 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
479 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
480 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
482 if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
485 "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
490 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
491 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
492 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
493 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
499 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
500 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
501 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
503 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
504 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
506 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
509 options |= F_VERBOSE;
511 case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */
512 t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
513 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
514 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
516 options |= F_WAITTIME;
520 options |= F_HDRINCL;
521 ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
522 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
523 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
531 if (argc - optind != 1)
533 target = argv[optind];
535 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
538 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
539 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
541 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
542 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
545 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
546 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
548 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
549 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
552 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
555 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
556 if (options & F_RROUTE)
557 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
558 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
559 if (datalen > maxpayload)
560 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
562 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
563 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
564 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
565 fill((char *)datap, payload);
567 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
568 capdns = capdns_setup();
571 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
572 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
573 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
576 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
578 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
582 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
584 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
585 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
587 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
588 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
590 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
591 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
592 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
593 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
594 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
595 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
596 shostname = snamebuf;
598 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
603 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
605 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
606 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
607 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
610 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
612 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
615 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
617 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
618 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
620 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
621 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
622 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
623 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
624 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
628 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
629 /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
630 if (capdns != NULL) {
631 const char *types[1];
634 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
635 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
639 if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
642 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
643 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
645 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
647 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
648 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
649 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
651 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
653 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
656 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
657 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
660 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
663 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
664 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
666 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
669 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
670 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
673 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
674 if (options & F_POLICY) {
676 if (policy_in != NULL) {
677 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
679 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
680 if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
681 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
683 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
687 if (policy_out != NULL) {
688 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
690 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
691 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
692 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
694 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
698 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
701 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
702 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
703 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
707 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
709 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
710 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
712 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
713 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
714 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
717 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
719 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
720 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
721 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
724 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
726 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
727 else if (capdns != NULL)
734 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
735 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
736 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
738 if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
741 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
742 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
743 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
745 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
746 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
747 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
749 /* record route option */
750 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
752 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
753 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
754 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
755 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
756 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
757 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
759 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
762 "record route not available in this implementation");
763 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
766 if (options & F_TTL) {
767 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
769 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
772 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
773 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
775 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
778 if (options & F_MTTL) {
779 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
781 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
784 if (options & F_MIF) {
785 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
786 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
787 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
792 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
793 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
797 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
798 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
800 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
801 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
804 snpackets = npackets;
809 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
811 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
812 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
815 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
816 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
817 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
818 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
819 * or multicast pings if they wish.
823 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
826 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
827 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
829 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
830 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
831 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
832 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
834 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
836 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
837 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
838 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
839 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
841 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
842 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
843 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
845 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
847 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
850 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
854 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
855 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
857 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
861 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
862 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
865 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
868 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
869 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
870 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
873 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
874 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
875 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
878 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
879 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
880 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
881 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
884 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
885 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
889 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
891 iov.iov_base = packet;
892 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
895 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
897 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
899 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
902 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
904 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
906 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
908 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
909 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
914 struct timeval now, timeout;
919 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
920 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
922 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
923 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
924 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
925 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
926 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
927 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
930 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
931 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
934 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
935 timerclear(&timeout);
936 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
938 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
940 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
942 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
944 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
946 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
947 if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
954 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
955 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
956 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
957 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
958 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
963 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
966 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
967 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
968 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
971 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
972 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
973 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
975 datalen += sweepincr;
976 if (datalen > sweepmax)
978 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
981 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
989 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
993 intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
994 intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
997 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
998 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
999 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1000 if (options & F_MISSED)
1001 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1007 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
1012 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1013 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1014 * to be called from a signal handler.
1017 stopit(int sig __unused)
1021 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1022 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1024 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1025 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1031 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
1032 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1033 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1034 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1035 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1048 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1049 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1051 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1052 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1053 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
1055 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1057 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1058 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1060 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1061 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1062 if (options & F_TIME)
1063 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1064 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1066 bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1067 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1071 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1073 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1074 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1076 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1077 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1078 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1079 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1080 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1081 packet = outpackhdr;
1083 i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1084 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
1086 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1087 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1092 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1098 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1099 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1104 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
1105 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1106 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
1107 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1110 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1118 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1119 static int old_rrlen;
1120 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1122 /* Check the IP header */
1123 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1124 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1126 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1127 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1128 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1129 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1133 /* Now the ICMP part */
1135 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1136 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1137 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1138 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1147 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1149 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1151 if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1153 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1154 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1155 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1156 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1158 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1159 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1161 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1162 if (triptime < tmin)
1164 if (triptime > tmax)
1170 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1172 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1177 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1181 if (options & F_QUIET)
1184 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1189 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1190 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1192 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1193 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1195 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1197 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1199 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1200 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1201 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1202 if (options & F_MASK) {
1203 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1204 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1205 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1207 if (options & F_TIME) {
1208 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1209 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1210 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1212 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1214 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1215 recv_len, send_len);
1217 /* check the data */
1218 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1219 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1220 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1222 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1228 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1230 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1232 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1233 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1234 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1236 (void)printf("\n\t");
1237 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1239 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1240 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1241 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1243 (void)printf("\n\t");
1244 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1252 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1253 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1254 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1255 * and ICMP type and ID.
1257 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1258 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1259 * available to those not running as root.
1262 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1264 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1266 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1268 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1269 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1270 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1271 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1272 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1273 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1274 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1275 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1281 /* Display any IP options */
1282 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1284 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1291 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1292 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1293 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1296 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1297 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1299 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1300 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1301 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1303 (void)printf("\t%s",
1306 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1310 (void)putchar('\n');
1313 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1316 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1317 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1322 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1323 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1328 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1329 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1330 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1336 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1337 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1338 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1339 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1341 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1342 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1343 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1345 (void)printf("\t%s",
1348 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1352 (void)putchar('\n');
1355 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1358 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1361 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1364 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1365 (void)putchar('\n');
1366 (void)fflush(stdout);
1372 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1375 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1390 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1391 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1392 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1399 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1401 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1406 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1407 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1408 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1409 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1415 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1419 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1422 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1424 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1426 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1431 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1435 status(int sig __unused)
1447 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1448 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1449 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1450 if (nreceived && timing)
1451 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1452 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1453 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1459 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1465 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1466 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1467 (void)putchar('\n');
1468 (void)fflush(stdout);
1469 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1470 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1471 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1473 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1475 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1476 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1478 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1479 ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1483 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1484 (void)putchar('\n');
1485 if (nreceived && timing) {
1486 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1487 double avg = tsum / n;
1488 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1490 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1491 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1501 static char *ttab[] = {
1502 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1503 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1504 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1505 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1507 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1508 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1509 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1510 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1511 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1512 "Info Reply" /* " */
1518 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1521 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1524 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1525 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1526 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1527 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1530 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1531 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1532 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1534 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1535 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1537 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1538 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1540 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1541 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1543 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1544 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1545 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1547 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1548 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1550 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1551 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1554 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1558 /* Print returned IP header information */
1560 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1562 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1565 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1566 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1568 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1570 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1574 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1575 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1576 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1578 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1579 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1581 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1582 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1584 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1585 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1588 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1591 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1593 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1595 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1599 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1600 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1603 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1604 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1605 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1607 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1608 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1611 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1616 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1618 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1621 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1622 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1623 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1625 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1627 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1631 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1632 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1634 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1635 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1636 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1639 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1642 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1643 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1647 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1649 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1650 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1652 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1653 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1655 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1656 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1659 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1665 * Print an IP header with options.
1668 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1674 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1675 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1677 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1678 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1679 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1681 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1682 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1683 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1684 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1686 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1687 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1688 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1689 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1690 /* dump any option bytes */
1691 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1692 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1694 (void)putchar('\n');
1699 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1703 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1706 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1708 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1709 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1711 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1713 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1716 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1719 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1721 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1728 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1731 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1737 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1738 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1741 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1742 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1743 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1744 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1745 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1749 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1751 static char buf[10];
1754 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1755 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1756 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1757 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1759 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1765 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1771 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1774 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1778 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1779 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1780 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1781 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1784 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1785 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1786 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1787 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1788 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1789 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1790 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1795 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1796 static cap_channel_t *
1799 cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1800 const char *types[2];
1803 capcas = cap_init();
1805 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1806 capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1807 /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1809 if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1810 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1813 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1814 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1815 families[0] = AF_INET;
1816 if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1817 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1821 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCASPER */
1823 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1824 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1832 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1833 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1834 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1835 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1836 " [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1837 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1838 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1839 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1840 " [-z tos] mcast-group");