2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38 static const char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
47 static const char rcsid[] =
54 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
55 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
59 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
63 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
65 * More statistics could always be gathered.
66 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
69 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
84 #include <sys/socket.h>
88 #include <netinet/in.h>
89 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
90 #include <netinet/ip.h>
91 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
92 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
93 #include <arpa/inet.h>
96 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
99 #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval)
100 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - PHDR_LEN) /* default data length */
101 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
102 /* runs out of buffer space */
104 #define MAXICMPLEN 76
105 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
106 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
107 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
108 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */
110 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
111 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
112 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
113 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
114 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
116 /* various options */
118 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
119 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
120 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
121 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
122 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
123 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
124 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
125 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
126 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
127 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
128 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
129 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
131 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
133 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
134 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
135 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
138 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
141 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
142 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
143 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
145 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
146 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
147 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
149 struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
150 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
151 int s; /* socket file descriptor */
152 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
153 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
154 char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
158 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
159 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
162 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
163 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
164 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
165 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
166 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
169 int timing; /* flag to do timing */
170 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
171 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
172 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
173 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
175 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
177 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
179 static void fill(char *, char *);
180 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
181 static void check_status(void);
182 static void finish(void) __dead2;
183 static void pinger(void);
184 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
185 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
186 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
187 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
188 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
189 static void status(int);
190 static void stopit(int);
191 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
192 static void usage(void) __dead2;
199 struct timeval last, intvl;
201 struct sockaddr_in *to, sin;
204 int ch, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0, ttl;
205 struct in_addr ifaddr;
206 unsigned char mttl, loop;
207 u_char *datap, *packet;
208 char *source = NULL, *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
209 char snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
213 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */
215 struct sigaction si_sa;
218 struct sockaddr_in from;
219 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
220 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
221 char *policy_in = NULL;
222 char *policy_out = NULL;
224 unsigned long alarmtimeout;
227 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
228 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
231 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
237 alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
239 datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
240 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
241 "AI:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:m:np:qrs:t:v"
243 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
254 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
257 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
258 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
260 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
265 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
270 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
273 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
275 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
277 double t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
279 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) {
282 "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
286 options |= F_INTERVAL;
288 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
290 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
294 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
295 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
297 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
302 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
303 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
305 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
308 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
317 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
318 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
319 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'",
325 options |= F_NUMERIC;
327 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
328 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
329 fill((char *)datap, optarg);
341 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
343 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
346 err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag");
348 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
349 if (ultmp > MAXPACKET)
350 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu",
352 if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp)
353 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
361 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
362 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
363 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
365 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
366 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
368 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
370 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
371 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
372 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
373 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
379 options |= F_VERBOSE;
382 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
385 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
386 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
387 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
388 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
390 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
392 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
399 if (argc - optind != 1)
401 target = argv[optind];
404 bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
405 sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
406 if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) {
409 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
411 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
412 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
414 sin.sin_len = sizeof sin;
415 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr))
416 errx(1,"gethostbyname2: illegal address");
417 memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
418 sizeof (sin.sin_addr));
419 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
420 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
421 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
422 shostname = snamebuf;
424 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1)
428 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
430 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
431 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
432 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
435 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
437 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
438 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
440 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
441 errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
442 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
443 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
444 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
448 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
449 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
451 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
453 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
454 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
455 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
457 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
459 if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
461 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
462 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen)))
463 err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc");
465 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
466 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
469 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
473 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
476 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
477 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
479 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
480 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
483 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
484 if (options & F_POLICY) {
486 if (policy_in != NULL) {
487 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
489 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
490 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
491 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
492 err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
496 if (policy_out != NULL) {
497 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
499 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
500 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
501 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
502 err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
506 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
509 /* record route option */
510 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
512 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
513 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
514 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
515 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
516 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
517 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
519 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
522 "record route not available in this implementation");
523 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
526 if (options & F_TTL) {
527 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
529 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
532 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
533 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
535 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
538 if (options & F_MTTL) {
539 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
541 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
544 if (options & F_MIF) {
545 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
546 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
547 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
552 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
553 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
558 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
559 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
560 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
561 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
562 * or multicast pings if they wish.
565 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
569 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
573 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
574 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
575 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
577 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
578 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
580 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
583 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
584 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
587 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
590 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
591 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
592 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
595 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
596 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
597 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
600 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
601 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
602 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
603 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
606 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
607 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
611 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
613 iov.iov_base = packet;
614 iov.iov_len = packlen;
616 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
617 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
618 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
619 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
622 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
625 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
627 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
629 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
630 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
633 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
634 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
639 struct timeval timeout, now;
645 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
646 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
647 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
648 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
649 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
652 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
653 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
656 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
657 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
658 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
660 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
662 struct timeval *t = 0;
664 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
666 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
668 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
669 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
676 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
677 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
678 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *t)) {
679 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
680 memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now));
685 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
688 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t);
689 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
692 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
693 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
701 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
705 intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
707 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
709 if (ntransmitted != nreceived+1 && options & F_MISSED)
710 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
715 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
720 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
721 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
722 * to be called from a signal handler.
733 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
734 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
735 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes
736 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host
737 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
742 register struct icmp *icp;
746 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
747 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
750 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted;
751 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
753 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
756 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
757 (struct timezone *)NULL);
759 cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN; /* skips ICMP portion */
761 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
762 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
764 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
767 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
769 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
770 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
775 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
780 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
781 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
786 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
787 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
788 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
789 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
792 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
795 struct sockaddr_in *from;
798 register struct icmp *icp;
801 register u_char *cp,*dp;
802 static int old_rrlen;
803 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
809 /* Check the IP header */
810 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
811 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
812 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
813 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
814 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
815 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
819 /* Now the ICMP part */
821 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
822 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
823 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
824 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
830 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
832 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
834 /* Avoid unaligned data: */
835 memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1));
837 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
838 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
840 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
847 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
852 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
856 if (options & F_QUIET)
859 if (options & F_FLOOD)
860 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
862 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
863 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
865 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
867 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
869 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
870 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
871 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
873 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN];
874 dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
875 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
877 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
880 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
881 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
883 (void)printf("\n\t");
884 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
888 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
890 (void)printf("\n\t");
891 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
899 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
900 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
901 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
902 * and ICMP type and ID.
904 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
905 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
906 * available to those not running as root.
909 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
911 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
913 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
915 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
916 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
917 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
918 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
919 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
920 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
921 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
922 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
928 /* Display any IP options */
929 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
931 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
937 (void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
941 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
951 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l);
952 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
956 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
962 j = *++cp; /* get length */
963 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
971 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
972 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
973 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
974 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
975 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
980 if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
982 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
986 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
997 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l);
998 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
1005 if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
1006 (void) printf("\t(truncated route)");
1009 (void)putchar('\n');
1013 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1016 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1019 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1020 (void)putchar('\n');
1021 (void)fflush(stdout);
1027 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1034 register int nleft = len;
1035 register u_short *w = addr;
1036 register int sum = 0;
1044 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1045 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1046 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1053 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1055 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1060 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1061 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1062 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1063 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1069 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1074 register struct timeval *out, *in;
1076 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1078 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1080 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1085 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1100 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1101 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
1102 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1103 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0,
1104 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0,
1105 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum,
1112 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1119 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1120 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1121 (void)putchar('\n');
1122 (void)fflush(stdout);
1123 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1124 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1125 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1127 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1129 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1130 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1132 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1133 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1136 (void)putchar('\n');
1137 if (nreceived && timing) {
1138 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1139 double avg = tsum / n;
1140 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1141 printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = "
1142 "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1143 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1145 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
1146 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
1147 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
1157 static char *ttab[] = {
1158 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1159 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1160 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1161 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1163 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1164 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1165 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1166 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1167 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1168 "Info Reply" /* " */
1174 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1180 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1181 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1182 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1183 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1186 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1187 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1188 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1190 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1191 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1193 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1194 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1196 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1197 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1199 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1200 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1201 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1203 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1204 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1206 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1207 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1210 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1214 /* Print returned IP header information */
1216 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1218 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1221 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1222 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1224 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1226 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1230 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1231 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1232 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1234 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1235 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1237 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1238 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1240 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1241 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1244 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1247 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1249 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1251 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1255 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1256 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1259 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1260 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1261 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1263 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1264 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1267 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1272 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1274 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1277 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1278 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1279 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1281 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1283 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1287 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1288 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1290 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1291 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1292 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1295 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1298 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1299 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1303 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1305 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1306 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1308 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1309 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1311 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1312 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1315 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1321 * Print an IP header with options.
1330 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1331 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1333 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1334 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1335 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1337 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1338 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1339 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1340 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1342 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1343 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1344 /* dump any option bytes */
1345 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1346 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1348 (void)putchar('\n');
1353 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1361 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1363 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1364 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1365 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1367 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1374 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1384 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1385 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1388 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1389 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1390 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1391 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1392 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1399 register int ii, jj, kk;
1403 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1406 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1410 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1411 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1412 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1413 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1417 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii);
1419 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1420 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1421 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1422 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1423 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1424 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1432 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1433 "usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-m ttl]",
1436 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1440 "[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]",
1441 " [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]");