sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  67 #include <sys/socket.h>
  68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  69 #include <sys/time.h>
  70 #include <sys/uio.h>
  71
  72 #include <netinet/in.h>
  73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  78
  79 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
  80 #include <libcasper.h>
  81 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  82 #endif
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <ctype.h>
  89 #include <err.h>
  90 #include <errno.h>
  91 #include <math.h>
  92 #include <netdb.h>
  93 #include <signal.h>
  94 #include <stdio.h>
  95 #include <stdlib.h>
  96 #include <string.h>
  97 #include <sysexits.h>
  98 #include <unistd.h>
  99
 100 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 102 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 103 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 104 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 106                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 107 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 108 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 109 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 110 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 111 #define MAXTOS          255
 112
 113 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 114 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 115 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 116 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 117 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 118
 119 struct tv32 {
 120         int32_t tv32_sec;
 121         int32_t tv32_usec;
 122 };
 123
 124 /* various options */
 125 static int options;
 126 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 127 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 128 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 129 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 130 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 131 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 132 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 134 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 135 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 136 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 137 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 138 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 139 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 140 #ifdef IPSEC
 141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 142 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 144 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 145 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 146 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 147 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 148 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 149 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 150 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 151 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 152 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 153
 154 /*
 155  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 156  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 157  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 158  */
 159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 162
 163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 165 static int maxpayload;
 166 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 167 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 169 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 170 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 171 static char DOT = '.';
 172 static char *hostname;
 173 static char *shostname;
 174 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 175 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 178 static int phdr_len = 0;
 179 static int send_len;
 180
 181 /* counters */
 182 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 183 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 184 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 185 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 186 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 187 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 188 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 189 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 190 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 191 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 192 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 195
 196 /* timing */
 197 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 198 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 199 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 200 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 201 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 202
 203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 206
 207 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 209 #endif
 210
 211 static void fill(char *, char *);
 212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 213 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 215 #endif
 216 static void check_status(void);
 217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 218 static void pinger(void);
 219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 225 static void status(int);
 226 static void stopit(int);
 227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
 228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 229
 230 int
 231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 232 {
 233         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 234         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 235         struct timeval last, intvl;
 236         struct iovec iov;
 237         struct ip *ip;
 238         struct msghdr msg;
 239         struct sigaction si_sa;
 240         size_t sz;
 241         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 242         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 243         struct hostent *hp;
 244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 245         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 246 #endif
 247         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 248         double t;
 249         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 250         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 251         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 252         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 253         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 254 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 255         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 256 #endif
 257         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 258
 259         payload = source = NULL;
 260 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 261         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 262 #endif
 263         cap_rights_t rights;
 264         bool cansandbox;
 265
 266         /*
 267          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 268          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 269          * after arg parsing.
 270          *
 271          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 272          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 273          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 274          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 275          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 276          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 277          * packets.
 278          */
 279         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 280         ssend_errno = errno;
 281         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 282         srecv_errno = errno;
 283
 284         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 285                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 286         uid = getuid();
 287
 288         if (ssend < 0) {
 289                 errno = ssend_errno;
 290                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 291         }
 292
 293         if (srecv < 0) {
 294                 errno = srecv_errno;
 295                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 296         }
 297
 298         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 299
 300         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 301         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 302                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 303 #ifdef IPSEC
 304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 305                 "P:"
 306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 307 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 308                 )) != -1)
 309         {
 310                 switch(ch) {
 311                 case 'A':
 312                         options |= F_MISSED;
 313                         break;
 314                 case 'a':
 315                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 316                         break;
 317                 case 'c':
 318                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 319                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 320                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 321                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 322                                     optarg);
 323                         npackets = ultmp;
 324                         break;
 325                 case 'D':
 326                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 327                         df = 1;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'd':
 330                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 331                         break;
 332                 case 'f':
 333                         if (uid) {
 334                                 errno = EPERM;
 335                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 336                         }
 337                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 338                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 339                         break;
 340                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 341                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 342                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 343                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 344                                     optarg);
 345                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 346                                 errno = EPERM;
 347                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 348                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 349                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 350                         }
 351                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 352                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 353                         break;
 354                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 355                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 356                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 357                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 358                                     optarg);
 359                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 360                                 errno = EPERM;
 361                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 362                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 363                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 364                         }
 365                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 366                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 367                         break;
 368                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 369                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 370                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 371                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 372                                     optarg);
 373                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 374                                 errno = EPERM;
 375                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 376                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 377                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 378                         }
 379                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 380                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 381                         break;
 382                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 383                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 384                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 385                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 386                                     optarg);
 387                         options |= F_MIF;
 388                         break;
 389                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 390                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 391                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 392                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 393                                     optarg);
 394                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 395                         interval = (int)t;
 396                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 397                                 errno = EPERM;
 398                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 399                         }
 400                         break;
 401                 case 'L':
 402                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 403                         loop = 0;
 404                         break;
 405                 case 'l':
 406                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 407                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 408                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 409                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 410                         if (uid) {
 411                                 errno = EPERM;
 412                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 413                         }
 414                         preload = ultmp;
 415                         break;
 416                 case 'M':
 417                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 418                         case 'M':
 419                         case 'm':
 420                                 options |= F_MASK;
 421                                 break;
 422                         case 'T':
 423                         case 't':
 424                                 options |= F_TIME;
 425                                 break;
 426                         default:
 427                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 428                                 break;
 429                         }
 430                         break;
 431                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 432                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 433                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 434                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 435                         ttl = ultmp;
 436                         options |= F_TTL;
 437                         break;
 438                 case 'n':
 439                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 440                         break;
 441                 case 'o':
 442                         options |= F_ONCE;
 443                         break;
 444 #ifdef IPSEC
 445 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 446                 case 'P':
 447                         options |= F_POLICY;
 448                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 449                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 450                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 451                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 452                         else
 453                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 454                         break;
 455 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 456 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 457                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 458                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 459                         payload = optarg;
 460                         break;
 461                 case 'Q':
 462                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 463                         break;
 464                 case 'q':
 465                         options |= F_QUIET;
 466                         break;
 467                 case 'R':
 468                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 469                         break;
 470                 case 'r':
 471                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 472                         break;
 473                 case 'S':
 474                         source = optarg;
 475                         break;
 476                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 477                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 478                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 479                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 480                                     optarg);
 481                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 482                                 errno = EPERM;
 483                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 484                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 485                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 486                         }
 487                         datalen = ultmp;
 488                         break;
 489                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 490                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 491                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 492                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 493                                     optarg);
 494                         mttl = ultmp;
 495                         options |= F_MTTL;
 496                         break;
 497                 case 't':
 498                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 499                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 500                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 501                                     optarg);
 502                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 503                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 504                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 505                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 506                         break;
 507                 case 'v':
 508                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 509                         break;
 510                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 511                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 512                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 513                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 514                                     optarg);
 515                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 516                         waittime = (int)t;
 517                         break;
 518                 case 'z':
 519                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 520                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 521                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 522                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 523                         tos = ultmp;
 524                         break;
 525                 default:
 526                         usage();
 527                 }
 528         }
 529
 530         if (argc - optind != 1)
 531                 usage();
 532         target = argv[optind];
 533
 534         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 535         case 0: break;
 536         case F_MASK:
 537                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 538                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 539                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 540                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 541                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 542                 break;
 543         case F_TIME:
 544                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 545                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 546                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 547                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 548                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 549                 break;
 550         default:
 551                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 552                 break;
 553         }
 554         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 555         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 556                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 557         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 558         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 559                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 560                     maxpayload);
 561         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 562         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 563         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 564                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 565         }
 566 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 567         capdns = capdns_setup();
 568 #endif
 569         if (source) {
 570                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 571                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 572                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 573                         shostname = source;
 574                 } else {
 575 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 576                         if (capdns != NULL)
 577                                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
 578                                     AF_INET);
 579                         else
 580 #endif
 581                                 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 582                         if (!hp)
 583                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 584                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 585
 586                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 587                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 588                             hp->h_length < 0)
 589                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 590                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 591                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 592                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 593                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 594                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 595                         shostname = snamebuf;
 596                 }
 597                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 598                     -1)
 599                         err(1, "bind");
 600         }
 601
 602         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 603         to = &whereto;
 604         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 605         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 606         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 607                 hostname = target;
 608         } else {
 609 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 610                 if (capdns != NULL)
 611                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 612                 else
 613 #endif
 614                         hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 615                 if (!hp)
 616                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 617                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 618
 619                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 620                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 621                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 622                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 623                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 624                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 625         }
 626
 627 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 628         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 629         if (capdns != NULL) {
 630                 const char *types[1];
 631
 632                 types[0] = "ADDR";
 633                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 634                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 635         }
 636 #endif
 637
 638         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 639                 err(1, "connect");
 640
 641         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 642                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 643
 644         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 645                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 646                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 647         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 648             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 649                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 650                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 651
 652         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 653                 timing = 1;
 654
 655         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 656                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 657                         *datap++ = i;
 658
 659         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 660
 661         hold = 1;
 662         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 663                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 664                     sizeof(hold));
 665                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 666                     sizeof(hold));
 667         }
 668         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 669                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 670                     sizeof(hold));
 671 #ifdef IPSEC
 672 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 673         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 674                 char *buf;
 675                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 676                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 677                         if (buf == NULL)
 678                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 679                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 680                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 681                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 682                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 683                         free(buf);
 684                 }
 685
 686                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 687                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 688                         if (buf == NULL)
 689                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 690                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 691                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 692                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 693                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 694                         free(buf);
 695                 }
 696         }
 697 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 698 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 699
 700         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 701                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 702                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 703                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 704                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 705                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 706                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 707                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 708                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 709                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 710                 }
 711                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 712                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 713                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 714                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 715                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 716                 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 717                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 718                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 719                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 720                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 721         }
 722
 723         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
 724                 cansandbox = true;
 725 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
 726         else if (capdns != NULL)
 727                 cansandbox = true;
 728 #endif
 729         else
 730                 cansandbox = false;
 731
 732         /*
 733          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 734          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 735          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 736          */
 737         if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 738                 err(1, "cap_enter");
 739
 740         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 741         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 742                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 743
 744         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 745         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 746                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 747
 748         /* record route option */
 749         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 750 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 751                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 752                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 753                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 754                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 755                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 756                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 757                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 758                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 759 #else
 760                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 761                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 762 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 763         }
 764
 765         if (options & F_TTL) {
 766                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 767                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 768                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 769                 }
 770         }
 771         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 772                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 773                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 774                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 775                 }
 776         }
 777         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 778                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 779                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 780                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 781                 }
 782         }
 783         if (options & F_MIF) {
 784                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 785                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 786                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 787                 }
 788         }
 789 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 790         { int on = 1;
 791         if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 792                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 793         }
 794 #endif
 795         if (sweepmax) {
 796                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 797                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 798
 799                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 800                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 801
 802                 if (npackets > 0) {
 803                         snpackets = npackets;
 804                         npackets = 0;
 805                 } else
 806                         snpackets = 1;
 807                 datalen = sweepmin;
 808                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 809         }
 810         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 811                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 812
 813         /*
 814          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 815          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 816          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 817          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 818          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 819          */
 820
 821         /*
 822          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 823          * as well.
 824          */
 825         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 826         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 827             sizeof(hold));
 828         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 829         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 830         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 831                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 832         if (uid == 0)
 833                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 834                     sizeof(hold));
 835         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 836         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 837         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 838                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 839
 840         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 841                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 842                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 843                 if (source)
 844                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 845                 if (sweepmax)
 846                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 847                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 848                 else
 849                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 850
 851         } else {
 852                 if (sweepmax)
 853                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 854                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 855                 else
 856                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 857         }
 858
 859         /*
 860          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 861          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 862          */
 863
 864         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 865         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 866
 867         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 868         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 869                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 870         }
 871
 872         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 873         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 874                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 875         }
 876
 877         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 878                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 879                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 880                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 881         }
 882
 883         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 884         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 885         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 886         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 887 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 888         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 889 #endif
 890         iov.iov_base = packet;
 891         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 892
 893         if (preload == 0)
 894                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 895         else {
 896                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 897                         preload = npackets;
 898                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 899                         pinger();
 900         }
 901         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 902
 903         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 904                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 905                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 906         } else {
 907                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 908                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 909         }
 910
 911         almost_done = 0;
 912         while (!finish_up) {
 913                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 914                 fd_set rfds;
 915                 int cc, n;
 916
 917                 check_status();
 918                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 919                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 920                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 921                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 922                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 923                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 924                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 925                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 926                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 927                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 928                 }
 929                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 930                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 931                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 932                 }
 933                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 934                         timerclear(&timeout);
 935                 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 936                 if (n < 0)
 937                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 938                 if (n == 1) {
 939                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 940 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 941                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 942
 943                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 944 #endif
 945                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 946                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 947                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 948                                         continue;
 949                                 warn("recvmsg");
 950                                 continue;
 951                         }
 952 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 953                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 954                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 955                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 956                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 957                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 958                                 tv = &now;
 959                         }
 960 #endif
 961                         if (tv == NULL) {
 962                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 963                                 tv = &now;
 964                         }
 965                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 966                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 967                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 968                                 break;
 969                 }
 970                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 971                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 972                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 973                                         *datap++ = i;
 974                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 975                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 976                                         break;
 977                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 978                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 979                         }
 980                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 981                                 pinger();
 982                         else {
 983                                 if (almost_done)
 984                                         break;
 985                                 almost_done = 1;
 986                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 987                                 if (nreceived) {
 988                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 989                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 990                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 991                                 } else {
 992                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 993                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 994                                 }
 995                         }
 996                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 997                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 998                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 999                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1000                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1001                         }
1002                 }
1003         }
1004         finish();
1005         /* NOTREACHED */
1006         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1007 }
1008
1009 /*
1010  * stopit --
1011  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1012  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1013  * to be called from a signal handler.
1014  */
1015 void
1016 stopit(int sig __unused)
1017 {
1018
1019         /*
1020          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1021          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1022          */
1023         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1024                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1025         finish_up = 1;
1026 }
1027
1028 /*
1029  * pinger --
1030  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1031  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1032  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1033  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1034  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1035  */
1036 static void
1037 pinger(void)
1038 {
1039         struct timeval now;
1040         struct tv32 tv32;
1041         struct ip *ip;
1042         struct icmp *icp;
1043         int cc, i;
1044         u_char *packet;
1045
1046         packet = outpack;
1047         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1048         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1049         icp->icmp_code = 0;
1050         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1051         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1052         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
1053
1054         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1055
1056         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1057                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1058
1059                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1060                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1061                 if (options & F_TIME)
1062                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1063                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1064                 if (timing)
1065                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1066                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1067                             sizeof(tv32));
1068         }
1069
1070         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1071
1072         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1073         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1074
1075         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1076                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1077                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1078                 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1079                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1080                 packet = outpackhdr;
1081         }
1082         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1083         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1084                 if (i < 0) {
1085                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1086                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1087                                 return;
1088                         }
1089                         warn("sendto");
1090                 } else {
1091                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1092                              hostname, i, cc);
1093                 }
1094         }
1095         ntransmitted++;
1096         sntransmitted++;
1097         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1098                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1099 }
1100
1101 /*
1102  * pr_pack --
1103  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1104  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1105  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1106  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1107  */
1108 static void
1109 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1110 {
1111         struct in_addr ina;
1112         u_char *cp, *dp;
1113         struct icmp *icp;
1114         struct ip *ip;
1115         const void *tp;
1116         double triptime;
1117         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1118         static int old_rrlen;
1119         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1120
1121         /* Check the IP header */
1122         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1123         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1124         recv_len = cc;
1125         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1126                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1127                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1128                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1129                 return;
1130         }
1131
1132         /* Now the ICMP part */
1133         cc -= hlen;
1134         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1135         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1136                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1137                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1138                 ++nreceived;
1139                 triptime = 0.0;
1140                 if (timing) {
1141                         struct timeval tv1;
1142                         struct tv32 tv32;
1143 #ifndef icmp_data
1144                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1145 #else
1146                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1147 #endif
1148                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1149
1150                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1151                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1152                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1153                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1154                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1155                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1156                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1157                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1158                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1159                                 tsum += triptime;
1160                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1161                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1162                                         tmin = triptime;
1163                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1164                                         tmax = triptime;
1165                         } else
1166                                 timing = 0;
1167                 }
1168
1169                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1170
1171                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1172                         ++nrepeats;
1173                         --nreceived;
1174                         dupflag = 1;
1175                 } else {
1176                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1177                         dupflag = 0;
1178                 }
1179
1180                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1181                         return;
1182
1183                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1184                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1185                         return;
1186                 }
1187
1188                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1189                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1190                 else {
1191                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1192                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1193                            seq);
1194                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1195                         if (timing)
1196                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1197                         if (dupflag)
1198                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1199                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1200                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1201                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1202                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1203                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1204                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1205                         }
1206                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1207                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1208                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1209                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1210                         }
1211                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1212                                 (void)printf(
1213                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1214                                      recv_len, send_len);
1215                         }
1216                         /* check the data */
1217                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1218                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1219                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1220                         i = 0;
1221                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1222                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1223                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1224                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1225                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1226                         }
1227                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1228                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1229         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1230             i, *dp, *cp);
1231                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1232                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1233                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1234                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1235                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1236                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1237                                         }
1238                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1239                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1240                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1241                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1242                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1243                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1244                                         }
1245                                         break;
1246                                 }
1247                         }
1248                 }
1249         } else {
1250                 /*
1251                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1252                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1253                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1254                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1255                  *
1256                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1257                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1258                  * available to those not running as root.
1259                  */
1260 #ifndef icmp_data
1261                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1262 #else
1263                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1264 #endif
1265                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1266
1267                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1268                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1269                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1270                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1271                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1272                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1273                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1274                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1275                     pr_icmph(icp);
1276                 } else
1277                     return;
1278         }
1279
1280         /* Display any IP options */
1281         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1282
1283         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1284                 switch (*cp) {
1285                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1286                         hlen = 0;
1287                         break;
1288                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1289                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1290                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1291                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1292                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1293                         hlen -= 2;
1294                         cp += 2;
1295                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1296                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1297                                 for (;;) {
1298                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1299                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1300                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1301                                         else
1302                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1303                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1304                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1305                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1306                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1307                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1308                                                 break;
1309                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1310                                 }
1311                         } else
1312                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1313                         break;
1314                 case IPOPT_RR:
1315                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1316                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1317                         hlen -= 2;
1318                         cp += 2;
1319                         if (i > j)
1320                                 i = j;
1321                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1322                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1323                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1324                                 continue;
1325                         }
1326                         if (i == old_rrlen
1327                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1328                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1329                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1330                                 hlen -= i;
1331                                 cp += i;
1332                                 break;
1333                         }
1334                         old_rrlen = i;
1335                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1336                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1337                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1338                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1339                                 for (;;) {
1340                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1341                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1342                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1343                                         else
1344                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1345                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1346                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1347                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1348                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1349                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1350                                                 break;
1351                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1352                                 }
1353                         } else
1354                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1355                         break;
1356                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1357                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1358                         break;
1359                 default:
1360                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1361                         break;
1362                 }
1363         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1364                 (void)putchar('\n');
1365                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1366         }
1367 }
1368
1369 /*
1370  * in_cksum --
1371  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1372  */
1373 u_short
1374 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1375 {
1376         int nleft, sum;
1377         u_short *w;
1378         union {
1379                 u_short us;
1380                 u_char  uc[2];
1381         } last;
1382         u_short answer;
1383
1384         nleft = len;
1385         sum = 0;
1386         w = addr;
1387
1388         /*
1389          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1390          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1391          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1392          */
1393         while (nleft > 1)  {
1394                 sum += *w++;
1395                 nleft -= 2;
1396         }
1397
1398         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1399         if (nleft == 1) {
1400                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1401                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1402                 sum += last.us;
1403         }
1404
1405         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1406         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1407         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1408         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1409         return(answer);
1410 }
1411
1412 /*
1413  * tvsub --
1414  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1415  * be >= in.
1416  */
1417 static void
1418 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1419 {
1420
1421         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1422                 --out->tv_sec;
1423                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1424         }
1425         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1426 }
1427
1428 /*
1429  * status --
1430  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1431  */
1432
1433 static void
1434 status(int sig __unused)
1435 {
1436
1437         siginfo_p = 1;
1438 }
1439
1440 static void
1441 check_status(void)
1442 {
1443
1444         if (siginfo_p) {
1445                 siginfo_p = 0;
1446                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1447                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1448                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1449                 if (nreceived && timing)
1450                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1451                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1452                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1453         }
1454 }
1455
1456 /*
1457  * finish --
1458  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1459  */
1460 static void
1461 finish(void)
1462 {
1463
1464         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1465         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1466         (void)putchar('\n');
1467         (void)fflush(stdout);
1468         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1469         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1470         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1471         if (nrepeats)
1472                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1473         if (ntransmitted) {
1474                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1475                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1476                 else
1477                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1478                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1479                             ntransmitted);
1480         }
1481         if (nrcvtimeout)
1482                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1483         (void)putchar('\n');
1484         if (nreceived && timing) {
1485                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1486                 double avg = tsum / n;
1487                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1488                 (void)printf(
1489                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1490                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1491         }
1492
1493         if (nreceived)
1494                 exit(0);
1495         else
1496                 exit(2);
1497 }
1498
1499 #ifdef notdef
1500 static char *ttab[] = {
1501         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1502         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1503         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1504         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1505         "Echo",
1506         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1507         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1508         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1509         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1510         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1511         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1512 };
1513 #endif
1514
1515 /*
1516  * pr_icmph --
1517  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1518  */
1519 static void
1520 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1521 {
1522
1523         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1524         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1525                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1526                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1527                 break;
1528         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1529                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1530                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1531                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1532                         break;
1533                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1534                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1535                         break;
1536                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1537                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1538                         break;
1539                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1540                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1541                         break;
1542                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1543                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1544                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1545                         break;
1546                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1547                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1548                         break;
1549                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1550                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1551                         break;
1552                 default:
1553                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1554                             icp->icmp_code);
1555                         break;
1556                 }
1557                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1558 #ifndef icmp_data
1559                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1560 #else
1561                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1562 #endif
1563                 break;
1564         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1565                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1566 #ifndef icmp_data
1567                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1568 #else
1569                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1570 #endif
1571                 break;
1572         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1573                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1574                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1575                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1576                         break;
1577                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1578                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1579                         break;
1580                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1581                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1582                         break;
1583                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1584                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1585                         break;
1586                 default:
1587                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1588                         break;
1589                 }
1590                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1591 #ifndef icmp_data
1592                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1593 #else
1594                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1595 #endif
1596                 break;
1597         case ICMP_ECHO:
1598                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1599                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1600                 break;
1601         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1602                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1603                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1604                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1605                         break;
1606                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1607                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1608                         break;
1609                 default:
1610                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1611                             icp->icmp_code);
1612                         break;
1613                 }
1614 #ifndef icmp_data
1615                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1616 #else
1617                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1618 #endif
1619                 break;
1620         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1621                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1622                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1623 #ifndef icmp_data
1624                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1625 #else
1626                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1627 #endif
1628                 break;
1629         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1630                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1631                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1632                 break;
1633         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1634                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1635                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1636                 break;
1637         case ICMP_IREQ:
1638                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1639                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1640                 break;
1641         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1642                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1643                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1644                 break;
1645         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1646                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1647                 break;
1648         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1649                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1650                 break;
1651         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1652                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1653                 break;
1654         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1655                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1656                 break;
1657         default:
1658                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1659         }
1660 }
1661
1662 /*
1663  * pr_iph --
1664  *      Print an IP header with options.
1665  */
1666 static void
1667 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1668 {
1669         struct in_addr ina;
1670         u_char *cp;
1671         int hlen;
1672
1673         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1674         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1675
1676         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1677         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1678             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1679             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1680         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1681             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1682             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1683         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1684                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1685         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1686         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1687         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1688         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1689         /* dump any option bytes */
1690         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1691                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1692         }
1693         (void)putchar('\n');
1694 }
1695
1696 /*
1697  * pr_addr --
1698  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1699  * a hostname.
1700  */
1701 static char *
1702 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1703 {
1704         struct hostent *hp;
1705         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1706
1707         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1708                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1709
1710 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1711         if (capdns != NULL)
1712                 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1713         else
1714 #endif
1715                 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1716
1717         if (hp == NULL)
1718                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1719
1720         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1721             inet_ntoa(ina));
1722         return(buf);
1723 }
1724
1725 /*
1726  * pr_retip --
1727  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1728  */
1729 static void
1730 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1731 {
1732         u_char *cp;
1733         int hlen;
1734
1735         pr_iph(ip);
1736         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1737         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1738
1739         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1740                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1741                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1742         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1743                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1744                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1745 }
1746
1747 static char *
1748 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1749 {
1750         static char buf[10];
1751         int hour, min, sec;
1752
1753         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1754         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1755         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1756         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1757
1758         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1759
1760         return (buf);
1761 }
1762
1763 static void
1764 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1765 {
1766         char *cp;
1767         int pat[16];
1768         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1769
1770         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1771                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1772                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1773                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1774
1775         }
1776         ii = sscanf(patp,
1777             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1778             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1779             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1780             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1781
1782         if (ii > 0)
1783                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1784                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1785                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1786         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1787                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1788                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1789                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1790                 (void)printf("\n");
1791         }
1792 }
1793
1794 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCASPER
1795 static cap_channel_t *
1796 capdns_setup(void)
1797 {
1798         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1799         const char *types[2];
1800         int families[1];
1801
1802         capcas = cap_init();
1803         if (capcas == NULL)
1804                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1805         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1806         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1807         cap_close(capcas);
1808         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1809                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1810         types[0] = "NAME";
1811         types[1] = "ADDR";
1812         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1813                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1814         families[0] = AF_INET;
1815         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1816                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1817
1818         return (capdnsloc);
1819 }
1820 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCASPER */
1821
1822 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1823 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1824 #else
1825 #define SECOPT          ""
1826 #endif
1827 static void
1828 usage(void)
1829 {
1830
1831         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1832 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1833 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1834 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1835 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1836 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1837 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1838 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1839 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1840         exit(EX_USAGE);
1841 }