sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
  89 #include <ctype.h>
  90 #include <err.h>
  91 #include <errno.h>
  92 #include <math.h>
  93 #include <netdb.h>
  94 #include <stddef.h>
  95 #include <signal.h>
  96 #include <stdio.h>
  97 #include <stdlib.h>
  98 #include <string.h>
  99 #include <sysexits.h>
 100 #include <time.h>
 101 #include <unistd.h>
 102
 103 #include "utils.h"
 104
 105 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 106 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 107 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 108 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 109 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 110 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 111                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 112 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 113 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 114 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 115 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 116 #define MAXTOS          255
 117
 118 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 119 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 120 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 121 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 122 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 123
 124 struct tv32 {
 125         int32_t tv32_sec;
 126         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 127 };
 128
 129 /* various options */
 130 static int options;
 131 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 132 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 133 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 134 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 135 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 136 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 137 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 138 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 139 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 140 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 141 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 142 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 143 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 144 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 145 #ifdef IPSEC
 146 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 147 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 148 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 149 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 150 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 151 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 152 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 153 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 154 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 155 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 156 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 157 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 158
 159 /*
 160  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 161  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 162  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 163  */
 164 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 165 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 166 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 167
 168 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 169 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 170 static int maxpayload;
 171 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 172 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 173 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 174 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 175 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 176 static char DOT = '.';
 177 static char *hostname;
 178 static char *shostname;
 179 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 180 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 181 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 182 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 183 static int phdr_len = 0;
 184 static int send_len;
 185
 186 /* counters */
 187 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 188 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 189 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 190 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 191 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 192 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 193 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 194 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 195 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 196 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 197 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 198 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 199 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 200
 201 /* timing */
 202 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 203 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 204 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 205 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 206 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 207
 208 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 209 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 210 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 211
 212 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 213
 214 static void fill(char *, char *);
 215 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 216 static void check_status(void);
 217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 218 static void pinger(void);
 219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
 222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 223 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
 225 static void status(int);
 226 static void stopit(int);
 227 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 228
 229 int
 230 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 231 {
 232         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 233         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 234         struct timespec last, intvl;
 235         struct iovec iov;
 236         struct msghdr msg;
 237         struct sigaction si_sa;
 238         size_t sz;
 239         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 240         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 241         struct hostent *hp;
 242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 243         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 244 #endif
 245         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 246         double t;
 247         u_long alarmtimeout;
 248         long ltmp;
 249         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 250         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 251         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 252         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 254         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 255 #endif
 256         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 257
 258         payload = source = NULL;
 259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 260         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 261 #endif
 262         cap_rights_t rights;
 263
 264         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 265
 266         /*
 267          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 268          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 269          * after arg parsing.
 270          *
 271          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 272          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 273          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 274          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 275          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 276          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 277          * packets.
 278          */
 279         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 280         ssend_errno = errno;
 281         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 282         srecv_errno = errno;
 283
 284         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 285                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 286         uid = getuid();
 287
 288         if (ssend < 0) {
 289                 errno = ssend_errno;
 290                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 291         }
 292
 293         if (srecv < 0) {
 294                 errno = srecv_errno;
 295                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 296         }
 297
 298         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 299
 300         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 301         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 302                 "Aac:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 303 #ifdef IPSEC
 304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 305                 "P:"
 306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 307 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 308                 )) != -1)
 309         {
 310                 switch(ch) {
 311                 case 'A':
 312                         options |= F_MISSED;
 313                         break;
 314                 case 'a':
 315                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 316                         break;
 317                 case 'c':
 318                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 319                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 320                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 321                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 322                                     optarg);
 323                         npackets = ltmp;
 324                         break;
 325                 case 'D':
 326                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 327                         df = 1;
 328                         break;
 329                 case 'd':
 330                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 331                         break;
 332                 case 'f':
 333                         if (uid) {
 334                                 errno = EPERM;
 335                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 336                         }
 337                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 338                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 339                         break;
 340                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 341                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 342                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 343                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 344                                     optarg);
 345                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 346                                 errno = EPERM;
 347                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 348                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 349                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 350                         }
 351                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 352                         sweepmax = ltmp;
 353                         break;
 354                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 355                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 356                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
 357                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 358                                     optarg);
 359                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 360                                 errno = EPERM;
 361                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 362                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 363                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 364                         }
 365                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 366                         sweepmin = ltmp;
 367                         break;
 368                 case 'H':
 369                         options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
 370                         break;
 371                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 372                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 373                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
 374                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 375                                     optarg);
 376                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 377                                 errno = EPERM;
 378                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 379                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 380                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 381                         }
 382                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 383                         sweepincr = ltmp;
 384                         break;
 385                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 386                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 387                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 388                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 389                                     optarg);
 390                         options |= F_MIF;
 391                         break;
 392                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 393                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 394                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 395                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 396                                     optarg);
 397                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 398                         interval = (int)t;
 399                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 400                                 errno = EPERM;
 401                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 402                         }
 403                         break;
 404                 case 'L':
 405                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 406                         loop = 0;
 407                         break;
 408                 case 'l':
 409                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 410                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
 411                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 412                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 413                         if (uid) {
 414                                 errno = EPERM;
 415                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 416                         }
 417                         preload = ltmp;
 418                         break;
 419                 case 'M':
 420                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 421                         case 'M':
 422                         case 'm':
 423                                 options |= F_MASK;
 424                                 break;
 425                         case 'T':
 426                         case 't':
 427                                 options |= F_TIME;
 428                                 break;
 429                         default:
 430                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 431                                 break;
 432                         }
 433                         break;
 434                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 435                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 436                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 437                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 438                         ttl = ltmp;
 439                         options |= F_TTL;
 440                         break;
 441                 case 'n':
 442                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 443                         break;
 444                 case 'o':
 445                         options |= F_ONCE;
 446                         break;
 447 #ifdef IPSEC
 448 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 449                 case 'P':
 450                         options |= F_POLICY;
 451                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 452                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 453                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 454                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 455                         else
 456                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 457                         break;
 458 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 459 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 460                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 461                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 462                         payload = optarg;
 463                         break;
 464                 case 'Q':
 465                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 466                         break;
 467                 case 'q':
 468                         options |= F_QUIET;
 469                         break;
 470                 case 'R':
 471                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 472                         break;
 473                 case 'r':
 474                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 475                         break;
 476                 case 'S':
 477                         source = optarg;
 478                         break;
 479                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 480                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 481                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
 482                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 483                                     optarg);
 484                         if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 485                                 errno = EPERM;
 486                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 487                                     "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
 488                                     ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
 489                         }
 490                         datalen = ltmp;
 491                         break;
 492                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 493                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 494                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
 495                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 496                                     optarg);
 497                         mttl = ltmp;
 498                         options |= F_MTTL;
 499                         break;
 500                 case 't':
 501                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 502                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 503                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 504                                     optarg);
 505                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 506                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 507                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 508                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 509                         break;
 510                 case 'v':
 511                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 512                         break;
 513                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 514                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 515                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 516                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 517                                     optarg);
 518                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 519                         waittime = (int)t;
 520                         break;
 521                 case 'z':
 522                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 523                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 524                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 525                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 526                         tos = ltmp;
 527                         break;
 528                 default:
 529                         usage();
 530                 }
 531         }
 532
 533         if (argc - optind != 1)
 534                 usage();
 535         target = argv[optind];
 536
 537         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 538         case 0: break;
 539         case F_MASK:
 540                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 541                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 542                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 543                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 544                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 545                 break;
 546         case F_TIME:
 547                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 548                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 549                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 550                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 551                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 552                 break;
 553         default:
 554                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 555                 break;
 556         }
 557         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 558         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 559                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 560         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 561         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 562                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 563                     maxpayload);
 564         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 565         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 566         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 567                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 568         }
 569         capdns = capdns_setup();
 570         if (source) {
 571                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 572                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 573                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 574                         shostname = source;
 575                 } else {
 576                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
 577                         if (!hp)
 578                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 579                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 580
 581                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 582                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 583                             hp->h_length < 0)
 584                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 585                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 586                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 587                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 588                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 589                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 590                         shostname = snamebuf;
 591                 }
 592                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 593                     -1)
 594                         err(1, "bind");
 595         }
 596
 597         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 598         to = &whereto;
 599         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 600         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 601         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 602                 hostname = target;
 603         } else {
 604                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 605                 if (!hp)
 606                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 607                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 608
 609                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 610                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 611                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 612                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 613                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 614                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 615         }
 616
 617         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 618 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
 619         if (capdns != NULL) {
 620                 const char *types[1];
 621
 622                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 623                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 624                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 625         }
 626 #endif
 627         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 628                 err(1, "connect");
 629
 630         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 631                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 632
 633         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 634                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 635                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 636         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 637             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 638                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 639                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 640
 641         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 642                 timing = 1;
 643
 644         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 645                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 646                         *datap++ = i;
 647
 648         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 649
 650         hold = 1;
 651         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 652                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 653                     sizeof(hold));
 654                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 655                     sizeof(hold));
 656         }
 657         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 658                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 659                     sizeof(hold));
 660 #ifdef IPSEC
 661 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 662         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 663                 char *buf;
 664                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 665                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 666                         if (buf == NULL)
 667                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 668                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 669                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 670                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 671                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 672                         free(buf);
 673                 }
 674
 675                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 676                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 677                         if (buf == NULL)
 678                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 679                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 680                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 681                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 682                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 683                         free(buf);
 684                 }
 685         }
 686 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 687 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 688
 689         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 690                 struct ip ip;
 691
 692                 memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
 693                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 694                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 695                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 696                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 697                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 698                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 699                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 700                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 701                 }
 702                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 703                 ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
 704                 ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 705                 ip.ip_tos = tos;
 706                 ip.ip_id = 0;
 707                 ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 708                 ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
 709                 ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 710                 ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 711                 ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 712                 memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
 713         }
 714
 715         /*
 716          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 717          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 718          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 719          */
 720         caph_cache_catpages();
 721         if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
 722                 err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
 723
 724         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 725         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 726                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 727         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 728         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 729                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 730
 731         /* record route option */
 732         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 733 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 734                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 735                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 736                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 737                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 738                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 739                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 740                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 741                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 742 #else
 743                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 744                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 745 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 746         }
 747
 748         if (options & F_TTL) {
 749                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 750                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 751                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 752                 }
 753         }
 754         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 755                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 756                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 757                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 758                 }
 759         }
 760         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 761                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 762                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 763                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 764                 }
 765         }
 766         if (options & F_MIF) {
 767                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 768                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 769                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 770                 }
 771         }
 772 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 773         {
 774                 int on = 1;
 775                 int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
 776                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
 777                     sizeof(on)) < 0)
 778                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 779                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
 780                     sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
 781                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
 782         }
 783 #endif
 784         if (sweepmax) {
 785                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 786                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 787
 788                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 789                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 790
 791                 if (npackets > 0) {
 792                         snpackets = npackets;
 793                         npackets = 0;
 794                 } else
 795                         snpackets = 1;
 796                 datalen = sweepmin;
 797                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 798         }
 799         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 800                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 801
 802         /*
 803          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 804          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 805          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 806          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 807          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 808          */
 809
 810         /*
 811          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 812          * as well.
 813          */
 814         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 815         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 816             sizeof(hold));
 817         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 818         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 819         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 820                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 821         if (uid == 0)
 822                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 823                     sizeof(hold));
 824         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 825         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 826         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 827                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 828
 829         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 830                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 831                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 832                 if (source)
 833                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 834                 if (sweepmax)
 835                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 836                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 837                 else
 838                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 839
 840         } else {
 841                 if (sweepmax)
 842                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 843                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 844                 else
 845                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 846         }
 847
 848         /*
 849          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 850          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 851          */
 852
 853         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 854         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 855
 856         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 857         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 858                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 859         }
 860
 861         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 862         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 863                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 864         }
 865
 866         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 867                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 868                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 869                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 870         }
 871
 872         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 873         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 874         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 875         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 876 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 877         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 878         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 879 #endif
 880         iov.iov_base = packet;
 881         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 882
 883         if (preload == 0)
 884                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 885         else {
 886                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 887                         preload = npackets;
 888                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 889                         pinger();
 890         }
 891         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 892
 893         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 894                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 895                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 896         } else {
 897                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 898                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 899         }
 900
 901         almost_done = 0;
 902         while (!finish_up) {
 903                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 904                 fd_set rfds;
 905                 int n;
 906                 ssize_t cc;
 907
 908                 check_status();
 909                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 910                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 911                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 912                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 913                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 914                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 915                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 916                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 917                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 918                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 919                 if (n < 0)
 920                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 921                 if (n == 1) {
 922                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 923 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 924                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 925 #endif
 926                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 927                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 928                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 929                                         continue;
 930                                 warn("recvmsg");
 931                                 continue;
 932                         }
 933 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 934                         if (cmsg != NULL &&
 935                             cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 936                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 937                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 938                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 939                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 940                                 tv = &now;
 941                         }
 942 #endif
 943                         if (tv == NULL) {
 944                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 945                                 tv = &now;
 946                         }
 947                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 948                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 949                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 950                                 break;
 951                 }
 952                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 953                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 954                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 955                                         *datap++ = i;
 956                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 957                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 958                                         break;
 959                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 960                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 961                         }
 962                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 963                                 pinger();
 964                         else {
 965                                 if (almost_done)
 966                                         break;
 967                                 almost_done = 1;
 968                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 969                                 if (nreceived) {
 970                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 971                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 972                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 973                                 } else {
 974                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 975                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
 976                                 }
 977                         }
 978                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 979                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
 980                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
 981                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
 982                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
 983                         }
 984                 }
 985         }
 986         finish();
 987         /* NOTREACHED */
 988         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
 989 }
 990
 991 /*
 992  * stopit --
 993  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
 994  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
 995  * to be called from a signal handler.
 996  */
 997 void
 998 stopit(int sig __unused)
 999 {
1000
1001         /*
1002          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1003          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1004          */
1005         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1006                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1007         finish_up = 1;
1008 }
1009
1010 /*
1011  * pinger --
1012  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1013  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1014  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1015  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1016  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1017  */
1018 static void
1019 pinger(void)
1020 {
1021         struct timespec now;
1022         struct tv32 tv32;
1023         struct icmp icp;
1024         int cc, i;
1025         u_char *packet;
1026
1027         packet = outpack;
1028         memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1029         icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1030         icp.icmp_code = 0;
1031         icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1032         icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1033         icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */
1034
1035         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1036
1037         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1038                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1039                 /*
1040                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1041                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1042                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1043                  * durations, not absolute times.
1044                  */
1045                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1046                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1047                 if (options & F_TIME)
1048                         icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1049                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1050                 if (timing)
1051                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1052                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1053                             sizeof(tv32));
1054         }
1055
1056         memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1057
1058         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1059
1060         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1061         icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1062         /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1063         memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1064             sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1065
1066         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1067                 struct ip ip;
1068
1069                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1070                 ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1071                 /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1072                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1073                     sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1074                 ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1075                 /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1076                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1077                     sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1078                 packet = outpackhdr;
1079         }
1080         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1081         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1082                 if (i < 0) {
1083                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1084                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1085                                 return;
1086                         }
1087                         warn("sendto");
1088                 } else {
1089                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1090                              hostname, i, cc);
1091                 }
1092         }
1093         ntransmitted++;
1094         sntransmitted++;
1095         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1096                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1097 }
1098
1099 /*
1100  * pr_pack --
1101  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1102  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1103  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1104  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1105  */
1106 static void
1107 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1108 {
1109         struct in_addr ina;
1110         u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1111         struct icmp icp;
1112         struct ip ip;
1113         const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1114         double triptime;
1115         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1116         uint16_t seq;
1117         static int old_rrlen;
1118         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1119         struct ip oip;
1120         u_char oip_header_len;
1121         struct icmp oicmp;
1122         const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1123
1124         /*
1125          * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1126          * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1127          * first byte.
1128          */
1129         memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1130         hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1131         memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1132
1133         /* Check the IP header */
1134         recv_len = cc;
1135         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1136                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1137                         warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1138                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1139                 return;
1140         }
1141
1142 #ifndef icmp_data
1143         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1144 #else
1145         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1146 #endif
1147
1148         /* Now the ICMP part */
1149         cc -= hlen;
1150         memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1151         if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1152                 if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1153                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1154                 ++nreceived;
1155                 triptime = 0.0;
1156                 if (timing) {
1157                         struct timespec tv1;
1158                         struct tv32 tv32;
1159                         const u_char *tp;
1160
1161                         tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1162
1163                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1164                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1165                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1166                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1167                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1168                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1169                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1170                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1171                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1172                                 tsum += triptime;
1173                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1174                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1175                                         tmin = triptime;
1176                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1177                                         tmax = triptime;
1178                         } else
1179                                 timing = 0;
1180                 }
1181
1182                 seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1183
1184                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1185                         ++nrepeats;
1186                         --nreceived;
1187                         dupflag = 1;
1188                 } else {
1189                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1190                         dupflag = 0;
1191                 }
1192
1193                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1194                         return;
1195
1196                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1197                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1198                         return;
1199                 }
1200
1201                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1202                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1203                 else {
1204                         (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1205                             pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1206                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1207                         if (timing)
1208                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1209                         if (dupflag)
1210                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1211                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1212                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1213                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1214                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1215                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1216                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1217                         }
1218                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1219                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1220                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1221                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1222                         }
1223                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1224                                 (void)printf(
1225                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1226                                      recv_len, send_len);
1227                         }
1228                         /* check the data */
1229                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1230                                 icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1231                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1232                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1233                         i = 0;
1234                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1235                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1236                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1237                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1238                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1239                         }
1240                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1241                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1242         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1243             i, *dp, *cp);
1244                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1245                                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1246                                             offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1247                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1248                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1249                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1250                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1251                                         }
1252                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1253                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1254                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1255                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1256                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1257                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1258                                         }
1259                                         break;
1260                                 }
1261                         }
1262                 }
1263         } else {
1264                 /*
1265                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1266                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1267                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1268                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1269                  *
1270                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1271                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1272                  * available to those not running as root.
1273                  */
1274                 memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1275                 oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1276                 memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1277                 oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1278                 memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1279                     sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1280
1281                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1282                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1283                      (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1284                      (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1285                      (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1286                      (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1287                     (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1288                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1289                     pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1290                 } else
1291                     return;
1292         }
1293
1294         /* Display any IP options */
1295         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1296
1297         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1298                 switch (*cp) {
1299                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1300                         hlen = 0;
1301                         break;
1302                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1303                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1304                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1305                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1306                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1307                         hlen -= 2;
1308                         cp += 2;
1309                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1310                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1311                                 for (;;) {
1312                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1313                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1314                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1315                                         else
1316                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1317                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1318                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1319                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1320                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1321                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1322                                                 break;
1323                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1324                                 }
1325                         } else
1326                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1327                         break;
1328                 case IPOPT_RR:
1329                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1330                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1331                         hlen -= 2;
1332                         cp += 2;
1333                         if (i > j)
1334                                 i = j;
1335                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1336                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1337                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1338                                 continue;
1339                         }
1340                         if (i == old_rrlen
1341                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1342                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1343                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1344                                 hlen -= i;
1345                                 cp += i;
1346                                 break;
1347                         }
1348                         old_rrlen = i;
1349                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1350                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1351                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1352                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1353                                 for (;;) {
1354                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1355                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1356                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1357                                         else
1358                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1359                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1360                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1361                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1362                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1363                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1364                                                 break;
1365                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1366                                 }
1367                         } else
1368                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1369                         break;
1370                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1371                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1372                         break;
1373                 default:
1374                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1375                         break;
1376                 }
1377         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1378                 (void)putchar('\n');
1379                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1380         }
1381 }
1382
1383 /*
1384  * status --
1385  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1386  */
1387
1388 static void
1389 status(int sig __unused)
1390 {
1391
1392         siginfo_p = 1;
1393 }
1394
1395 static void
1396 check_status(void)
1397 {
1398
1399         if (siginfo_p) {
1400                 siginfo_p = 0;
1401                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1402                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1403                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1404                 if (nreceived && timing)
1405                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1406                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1407                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1408         }
1409 }
1410
1411 /*
1412  * finish --
1413  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1414  */
1415 static void
1416 finish(void)
1417 {
1418
1419         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1420         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1421         (void)putchar('\n');
1422         (void)fflush(stdout);
1423         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1424         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1425         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1426         if (nrepeats)
1427                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1428         if (ntransmitted) {
1429                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1430                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1431                 else
1432                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1433                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1434                             ntransmitted);
1435         }
1436         if (nrcvtimeout)
1437                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1438         (void)putchar('\n');
1439         if (nreceived && timing) {
1440                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1441                 double avg = tsum / n;
1442                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1443                 (void)printf(
1444                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1445                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1446         }
1447
1448         if (nreceived)
1449                 exit(0);
1450         else
1451                 exit(2);
1452 }
1453
1454 #ifdef notdef
1455 static char *ttab[] = {
1456         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1457         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1458         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1459         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1460         "Echo",
1461         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1462         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1463         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1464         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1465         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1466         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1467 };
1468 #endif
1469
1470 /*
1471  * pr_icmph --
1472  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1473  */
1474 static void
1475 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1476 {
1477
1478         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1479         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1480                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1481                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1482                 break;
1483         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1484                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1485                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1486                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1487                         break;
1488                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1489                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1490                         break;
1491                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1492                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1493                         break;
1494                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1495                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1496                         break;
1497                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1498                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1499                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1500                         break;
1501                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1502                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1503                         break;
1504                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1505                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1506                         break;
1507                 default:
1508                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1509                             icp->icmp_code);
1510                         break;
1511                 }
1512                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1513                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1514                 break;
1515         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1516                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1517                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1518                 break;
1519         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1520                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1521                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1522                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1523                         break;
1524                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1525                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1526                         break;
1527                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1528                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1529                         break;
1530                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1531                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1532                         break;
1533                 default:
1534                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1535                         break;
1536                 }
1537                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1538                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1539                 break;
1540         case ICMP_ECHO:
1541                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1542                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1543                 break;
1544         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1545                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1546                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1547                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1548                         break;
1549                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1550                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1551                         break;
1552                 default:
1553                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1554                             icp->icmp_code);
1555                         break;
1556                 }
1557                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1558                 break;
1559         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1560                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1561                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1562                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1563                 break;
1564         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1565                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1566                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1567                 break;
1568         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1569                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1570                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1571                 break;
1572         case ICMP_IREQ:
1573                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1574                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1575                 break;
1576         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1577                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1578                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1579                 break;
1580         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1581                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1582                 break;
1583         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1584                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1585                 break;
1586         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1587                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1588                 break;
1589         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1590                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1591                 break;
1592         default:
1593                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1594         }
1595 }
1596
1597 /*
1598  * pr_iph --
1599  *      Print an IP header with options.
1600  */
1601 static void
1602 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1603 {
1604         struct in_addr ina;
1605         u_char *cp;
1606         int hlen;
1607
1608         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1609         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1610
1611         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1612         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1613             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1614             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1615         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1616             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1617             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1618         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1619                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1620         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1621         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1622         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1623         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1624         /* dump any option bytes */
1625         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1626                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1627         }
1628         (void)putchar('\n');
1629 }
1630
1631 /*
1632  * pr_addr --
1633  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1634  * a hostname.
1635  */
1636 static char *
1637 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1638 {
1639         struct hostent *hp;
1640         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1641
1642         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1643                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1644
1645         hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1646
1647         if (hp == NULL)
1648                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1649
1650         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1651             inet_ntoa(ina));
1652         return(buf);
1653 }
1654
1655 /*
1656  * pr_retip --
1657  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1658  */
1659 static void
1660 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1661 {
1662         pr_iph(ip);
1663
1664         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1665                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1666                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1667         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1668                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1669                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1670 }
1671
1672 static char *
1673 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1674 {
1675         static char buf[11];
1676         int hour, min, sec;
1677
1678         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1679         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1680         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1681         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1682
1683         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1684
1685         return (buf);
1686 }
1687
1688 static void
1689 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1690 {
1691         char *cp;
1692         int pat[16];
1693         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1694
1695         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1696                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1697                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1698                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1699
1700         }
1701         ii = sscanf(patp,
1702             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1703             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1704             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1705             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1706
1707         if (ii > 0)
1708                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1709                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1710                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1711         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1712                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1713                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1714                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1715                 (void)printf("\n");
1716         }
1717 }
1718
1719 static cap_channel_t *
1720 capdns_setup(void)
1721 {
1722         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1723 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1724         const char *types[2];
1725         int families[1];
1726 #endif
1727         capcas = cap_init();
1728         if (capcas == NULL)
1729                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1730         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1731         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1732         cap_close(capcas);
1733         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1734                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1735 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1736         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1737         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1738         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1739                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1740         families[0] = AF_INET;
1741         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1742                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1743 #endif
1744         return (capdnsloc);
1745 }
1746
1747 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1748 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1749 #else
1750 #define SECOPT          ""
1751 #endif
1752 static void
1753 usage(void)
1754 {
1755
1756         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1757 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1758 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1759 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1760 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1761 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1762 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1763 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1764 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1765         exit(EX_USAGE);
1766 }