sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
  89 #include <ctype.h>
  90 #include <err.h>
  91 #include <errno.h>
  92 #include <math.h>
  93 #include <netdb.h>
  94 #include <stddef.h>
  95 #include <signal.h>
  96 #include <stdio.h>
  97 #include <stdlib.h>
  98 #include <string.h>
  99 #include <sysexits.h>
 100 #include <time.h>
 101 #include <unistd.h>
 102
 103 #include "main.h"
 104 #include "ping.h"
 105 #include "utils.h"
 106
 107 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 108 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 109 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 110 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 111 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 112 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 113                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 114 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 115 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 116 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 117 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 118 #define MAXTOS          255
 119
 120 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 121 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 122 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 123 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 124 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 125
 126 struct tv32 {
 127         int32_t tv32_sec;
 128         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 129 };
 130
 131 /* various options */
 132 static int options;
 133 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 134 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 135 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 136 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 137 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 138 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 139 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 140 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 141 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 142 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 143 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 144 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 145 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 146 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 147 #ifdef IPSEC
 148 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 149 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 150 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 151 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 152 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 153 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 154 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 155 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 156 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 157 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 158 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 159 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 160 #define F_IP_VLAN_PCP   0x800000
 161
 162 /*
 163  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 164  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 165  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 166  */
 167 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 168 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 169 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 170
 171 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 172 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 173 static int maxpayload;
 174 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 175 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 176 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 177 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 178 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 179 static char DOT = '.';
 180 static char *hostname;
 181 static char *shostname;
 182 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 183 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 184 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 185 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 186 static int phdr_len = 0;
 187 static int send_len;
 188
 189 /* counters */
 190 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 191 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 192 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 193 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 194 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 195 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 196 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 197 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 198 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 199 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 200 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 201 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 202 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 203
 204 /* timing */
 205 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 206 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 207 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 208 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 209 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 210
 211 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 212 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 213 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 214
 215 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 216
 217 static void fill(char *, char *);
 218 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 219 static void check_status(void);
 220 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 221 static void pinger(void);
 222 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 223 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 224 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
 225 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 226 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 227 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
 228 static void status(int);
 229 static void stopit(int);
 230
 231 int
 232 ping(int argc, char *const *argv)
 233 {
 234         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 235         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 236         struct timespec last, intvl;
 237         struct iovec iov;
 238         struct msghdr msg;
 239         struct sigaction si_sa;
 240         size_t sz;
 241         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 242         const char *errstr;
 243         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 244         struct hostent *hp;
 245 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 246         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 247 #endif
 248         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 249         double t;
 250         u_long alarmtimeout;
 251         long long ltmp;
 252         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 253         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
 254         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 255         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 256 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 257         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 258 #endif
 259         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 260
 261         payload = source = NULL;
 262 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 263         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 264 #endif
 265         cap_rights_t rights;
 266
 267         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 268
 269         /*
 270          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 271          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 272          * after arg parsing.
 273          *
 274          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 275          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 276          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 277          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 278          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 279          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 280          * packets.
 281          */
 282         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 283         ssend_errno = errno;
 284         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 285         srecv_errno = errno;
 286
 287         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 288                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 289         uid = getuid();
 290
 291         if (ssend < 0) {
 292                 errno = ssend_errno;
 293                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 294         }
 295
 296         if (srecv < 0) {
 297                 errno = srecv_errno;
 298                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 299         }
 300
 301         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;
 302
 303         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 304         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 305                 "4AaC:c:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 306 #ifdef IPSEC
 307 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 308                 "P:"
 309 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 310 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 311                 )) != -1)
 312         {
 313                 switch(ch) {
 314                 case '4':
 315                         /* This option is processed in main(). */
 316                         break;
 317                 case 'A':
 318                         options |= F_MISSED;
 319                         break;
 320                 case 'a':
 321                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 322                         break;
 323                 case 'C':
 324                         options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
 325                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr);
 326                         if (errstr != NULL)
 327                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
 328                         pcp = ltmp;
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'c':
 331                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
 332                         if (errstr != NULL)
 333                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 334                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 335                                     optarg);
 336                         npackets = (long)ltmp;
 337                         break;
 338                 case 'D':
 339                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 340                         df = 1;
 341                         break;
 342                 case 'd':
 343                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 344                         break;
 345                 case 'f':
 346                         if (uid) {
 347                                 errno = EPERM;
 348                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 349                         }
 350                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 351                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 352                         break;
 353                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 354                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 355                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 356                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 357                                     optarg);
 358                         }
 359                         sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
 360                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
 361                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 362                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 363                                     sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
 364                         }
 365                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 366                         break;
 367                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 368                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 369                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 370                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 371                                     optarg);
 372                         }
 373                         sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
 374                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
 375                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 376                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 377                                     sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
 378                         }
 379                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 380                         break;
 381                 case 'H':
 382                         options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
 383                         break;
 384                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 385                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 386                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 387                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 388                                     optarg);
 389                         }
 390                         sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
 391                         if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
 392                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 393                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 394                                     sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
 395                         }
 396                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 397                         break;
 398                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 399                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 400                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 401                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 402                                     optarg);
 403                         options |= F_MIF;
 404                         break;
 405                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 406                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 407                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 408                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 409                                     optarg);
 410                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 411                         interval = (int)t;
 412                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 413                                 errno = EPERM;
 414                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 415                         }
 416                         break;
 417                 case 'L':
 418                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 419                         loop = 0;
 420                         break;
 421                 case 'l':
 422                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 423                         if (errstr != NULL)
 424                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 425                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 426                         if (uid) {
 427                                 errno = EPERM;
 428                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 429                         }
 430                         preload = (int)ltmp;
 431                         break;
 432                 case 'M':
 433                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 434                         case 'M':
 435                         case 'm':
 436                                 options |= F_MASK;
 437                                 break;
 438                         case 'T':
 439                         case 't':
 440                                 options |= F_TIME;
 441                                 break;
 442                         default:
 443                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 444                                 break;
 445                         }
 446                         break;
 447                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 448                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 449                         if (errstr != NULL)
 450                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 451                         ttl = (int)ltmp;
 452                         options |= F_TTL;
 453                         break;
 454                 case 'n':
 455                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 456                         break;
 457                 case 'o':
 458                         options |= F_ONCE;
 459                         break;
 460 #ifdef IPSEC
 461 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 462                 case 'P':
 463                         options |= F_POLICY;
 464                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 465                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 466                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 467                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 468                         else
 469                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 470                         break;
 471 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 472 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 473                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 474                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 475                         payload = optarg;
 476                         break;
 477                 case 'Q':
 478                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 479                         break;
 480                 case 'q':
 481                         options |= F_QUIET;
 482                         break;
 483                 case 'R':
 484                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 485                         break;
 486                 case 'r':
 487                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 488                         break;
 489                 case 'S':
 490                         source = optarg;
 491                         break;
 492                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 493                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 494                         if (errstr != NULL)
 495                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 496                                     optarg);
 497                         datalen = (int)ltmp;
 498                         if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) {
 499                                 errno = EPERM;
 500                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 501                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 502                                     datalen, DEFDATALEN);
 503                         }
 504                         break;
 505                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 506                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 507                         if (errstr != NULL)
 508                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 509                                     optarg);
 510                         mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
 511                         options |= F_MTTL;
 512                         break;
 513                 case 't':
 514                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 515                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 516                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 517                                     optarg);
 518                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 519                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 520                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 521                         {
 522                                 struct itimerval itv;
 523
 524                                 timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
 525                                 timerclear(&itv.it_value);
 526                                 itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
 527                                 if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
 528                                         err(1, "setitimer");
 529                         }
 530                         break;
 531                 case 'v':
 532                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 533                         break;
 534                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 535                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 536                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 537                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 538                                     optarg);
 539                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 540                         waittime = (int)t;
 541                         break;
 542                 case 'z':
 543                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 544                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 545                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 546                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 547                         tos = ltmp;
 548                         break;
 549                 default:
 550                         usage();
 551                 }
 552         }
 553
 554         if (argc - optind != 1)
 555                 usage();
 556         target = argv[optind];
 557
 558         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 559         case 0: break;
 560         case F_MASK:
 561                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 562                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 563                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 564                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 565                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 566                 break;
 567         case F_TIME:
 568                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 569                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 570                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 571                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 572                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 573                 break;
 574         default:
 575                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 576                 break;
 577         }
 578         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 579         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 580                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 581         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 582         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 583                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 584                     maxpayload);
 585         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 586         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 587         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 588                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 589         }
 590         capdns = capdns_setup();
 591         if (source) {
 592                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 593                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 594                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 595                         shostname = source;
 596                 } else {
 597                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
 598                         if (!hp)
 599                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 600                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 601
 602                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 603                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 604                             hp->h_length < 0)
 605                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 606                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 607                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 608                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 609                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 610                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 611                         shostname = snamebuf;
 612                 }
 613                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 614                     -1)
 615                         err(1, "bind");
 616         }
 617
 618         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 619         to = &whereto;
 620         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 621         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 622         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 623                 hostname = target;
 624         } else {
 625                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 626                 if (!hp)
 627                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 628                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 629
 630                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 631                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 632                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 633                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 634                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 635                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 636         }
 637
 638         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 639 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
 640         if (capdns != NULL) {
 641                 const char *types[1];
 642
 643                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 644                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 645                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 646         }
 647 #endif
 648         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 649                 err(1, "connect");
 650
 651         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 652                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 653
 654         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 655                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 656                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 657         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 658             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 659                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 660                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 661
 662         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 663                 timing = 1;
 664
 665         if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
 666                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 667                         *datap++ = i;
 668
 669         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 670
 671         hold = 1;
 672         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 673                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 674                     sizeof(hold));
 675                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 676                     sizeof(hold));
 677         }
 678         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 679                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 680                     sizeof(hold));
 681         if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
 682                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
 683                     sizeof(pcp));
 684         }
 685 #ifdef IPSEC
 686 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 687         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 688                 char *buf;
 689                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 690                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 691                         if (buf == NULL)
 692                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 693                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 694                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 695                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 696                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 697                         free(buf);
 698                 }
 699
 700                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 701                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 702                         if (buf == NULL)
 703                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 704                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 705                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 706                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 707                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 708                         free(buf);
 709                 }
 710         }
 711 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 712 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 713
 714         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 715                 struct ip ip;
 716
 717                 memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
 718                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 719                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 720                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 721                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 722                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 723                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 724                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 725                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 726                 }
 727                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 728                 ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
 729                 ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 730                 ip.ip_tos = tos;
 731                 ip.ip_id = 0;
 732                 ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 733                 ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
 734                 ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 735                 ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 736                 ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 737                 memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
 738         }
 739
 740         /*
 741          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 742          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 743          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 744          */
 745         caph_cache_catpages();
 746         if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
 747                 err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
 748
 749         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 750         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 751                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 752         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 753         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 754                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 755
 756         /* record route option */
 757         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 758 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 759                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 760                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 761                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 762                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 763                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 764                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 765                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 766                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 767 #else
 768                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 769                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 770 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 771         }
 772
 773         if (options & F_TTL) {
 774                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 775                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 776                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 777                 }
 778         }
 779         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 780                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 781                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 782                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 783                 }
 784         }
 785         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 786                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 787                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 788                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 789                 }
 790         }
 791         if (options & F_MIF) {
 792                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 793                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 794                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 795                 }
 796         }
 797 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 798         {
 799                 int on = 1;
 800                 int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
 801                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
 802                     sizeof(on)) < 0)
 803                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 804                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
 805                     sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
 806                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
 807         }
 808 #endif
 809         if (sweepmax) {
 810                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 811                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 812             "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 813
 814                 if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
 815                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");
 816
 817                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 818                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 819                     "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 820
 821                 if (npackets > 0) {
 822                         snpackets = npackets;
 823                         npackets = 0;
 824                 } else
 825                         snpackets = 1;
 826                 datalen = sweepmin;
 827                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 828         }
 829         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 830                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 831
 832         /*
 833          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 834          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 835          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 836          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 837          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 838          */
 839
 840         /*
 841          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 842          * as well.
 843          */
 844         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 845         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 846             sizeof(hold));
 847         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 848         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 849         if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
 850                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 851         if (uid == 0)
 852                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 853                     sizeof(hold));
 854         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 855         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 856         if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
 857                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 858
 859         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 860                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 861                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 862                 if (source)
 863                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 864                 if (sweepmax)
 865                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 866                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 867                 else
 868                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 869
 870         } else {
 871                 if (sweepmax)
 872                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 873                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 874                 else
 875                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 876         }
 877
 878         /*
 879          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 880          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 881          */
 882
 883         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 884         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 885
 886         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 887         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 888                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 889         }
 890
 891         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 892         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 893                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 894         }
 895
 896         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 897                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 898                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 899                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 900         }
 901
 902         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 903         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 904         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 905         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 906 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 907         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 908         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 909 #endif
 910         iov.iov_base = packet;
 911         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 912
 913         if (preload == 0)
 914                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 915         else {
 916                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 917                         preload = npackets;
 918                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 919                         pinger();
 920         }
 921         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 922
 923         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 924                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 925                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 926         } else {
 927                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 928                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 929         }
 930
 931         almost_done = 0;
 932         while (!finish_up) {
 933                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 934                 fd_set rfds;
 935                 int n;
 936                 ssize_t cc;
 937
 938                 check_status();
 939                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 940                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 941                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 942                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 943                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 944                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 945                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 946                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 947                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 948                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 949                 if (n < 0)
 950                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 951                 if (n == 1) {
 952                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 953 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 954                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 955 #endif
 956                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 957                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 958                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 959                                         continue;
 960                                 warn("recvmsg");
 961                                 continue;
 962                         }
 963 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 964                         if (cmsg != NULL &&
 965                             cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 966                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 967                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 968                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 969                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 970                                 tv = &now;
 971                         }
 972 #endif
 973                         if (tv == NULL) {
 974                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 975                                 tv = &now;
 976                         }
 977                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 978                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 979                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 980                                 break;
 981                 }
 982                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 983                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 984                                 if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
 985                                         break;
 986                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
 987                                         *datap++ = i;
 988                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 989                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 990                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 991                         }
 992                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 993                                 pinger();
 994                         else {
 995                                 if (almost_done)
 996                                         break;
 997                                 almost_done = 1;
 998                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 999                                 if (nreceived) {
1000                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
1001                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
1002                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
1003                                 } else {
1004                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
1005                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
1006                                 }
1007                         }
1008                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1009                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1010                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1011                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1012                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1013                         }
1014                 }
1015         }
1016         finish();
1017         /* NOTREACHED */
1018         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1019 }
1020
1021 /*
1022  * stopit --
1023  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1024  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1025  * to be called from a signal handler.
1026  */
1027 void
1028 stopit(int sig __unused)
1029 {
1030
1031         /*
1032          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1033          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1034          */
1035         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1036                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1037         finish_up = 1;
1038 }
1039
1040 /*
1041  * pinger --
1042  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1043  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1044  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1045  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1046  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1047  */
1048 static void
1049 pinger(void)
1050 {
1051         struct timespec now;
1052         struct tv32 tv32;
1053         struct icmp icp;
1054         int cc, i;
1055         u_char *packet;
1056
1057         packet = outpack;
1058         memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1059         icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1060         icp.icmp_code = 0;
1061         icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1062         icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1063         icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */
1064
1065         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1066
1067         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1068                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1069                 /*
1070                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1071                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1072                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1073                  * durations, not absolute times.
1074                  */
1075                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1076                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1077                 if (options & F_TIME)
1078                         icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1079                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1080                 if (timing)
1081                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1082                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1083                             sizeof(tv32));
1084         }
1085
1086         memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1087
1088         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1089
1090         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1091         icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1092         /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1093         memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1094             sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1095
1096         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1097                 struct ip ip;
1098
1099                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1100                 ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1101                 /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1102                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1103                     sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1104                 ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1105                 /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1106                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1107                     sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1108                 packet = outpackhdr;
1109         }
1110         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1111         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1112                 if (i < 0) {
1113                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1114                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1115                                 return;
1116                         }
1117                         warn("sendto");
1118                 } else {
1119                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1120                              hostname, i, cc);
1121                 }
1122         }
1123         ntransmitted++;
1124         sntransmitted++;
1125         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1126                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1127 }
1128
1129 /*
1130  * pr_pack --
1131  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1132  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1133  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1134  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1135  */
1136 static void
1137 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1138 {
1139         struct in_addr ina;
1140         u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1141         struct icmp icp;
1142         struct ip ip;
1143         const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1144         double triptime;
1145         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1146         uint16_t seq;
1147         static int old_rrlen;
1148         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1149         struct ip oip;
1150         u_char oip_header_len;
1151         struct icmp oicmp;
1152         const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1153
1154         /*
1155          * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1156          * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1157          * first byte.
1158          */
1159         memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1160         hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1161         memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1162
1163         /* Check the IP header */
1164         recv_len = cc;
1165         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1166                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1167                         warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1168                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1169                 return;
1170         }
1171
1172 #ifndef icmp_data
1173         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1174 #else
1175         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1176 #endif
1177
1178         /* Now the ICMP part */
1179         cc -= hlen;
1180         memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1181         if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1182                 if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1183                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1184                 ++nreceived;
1185                 triptime = 0.0;
1186                 if (timing) {
1187                         struct timespec tv1;
1188                         struct tv32 tv32;
1189                         const u_char *tp;
1190
1191                         tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1192
1193                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1194                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1195                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1196                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1197                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1198                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1199                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1200                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1201                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1202                                 tsum += triptime;
1203                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1204                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1205                                         tmin = triptime;
1206                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1207                                         tmax = triptime;
1208                         } else
1209                                 timing = 0;
1210                 }
1211
1212                 seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1213
1214                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1215                         ++nrepeats;
1216                         --nreceived;
1217                         dupflag = 1;
1218                 } else {
1219                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1220                         dupflag = 0;
1221                 }
1222
1223                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1224                         return;
1225
1226                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1227                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1228                         return;
1229                 }
1230
1231                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1232                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1233                 else {
1234                         (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1235                             pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1236                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1237                         if (timing)
1238                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1239                         if (dupflag)
1240                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1241                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1242                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1243                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1244                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1245                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1246                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1247                         }
1248                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1249                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1250                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1251                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1252                         }
1253                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1254                                 (void)printf(
1255                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1256                                      recv_len, send_len);
1257                         }
1258                         /* check the data */
1259                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1260                                 icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1261                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1262                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1263                         i = 0;
1264                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1265                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1266                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1267                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1268                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1269                         }
1270                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1271                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1272         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1273             i, *dp, *cp);
1274                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1275                                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1276                                             offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1277                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1278                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1279                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1280                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1281                                         }
1282                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1283                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1284                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1285                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1286                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1287                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1288                                         }
1289                                         break;
1290                                 }
1291                         }
1292                 }
1293         } else {
1294                 /*
1295                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1296                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1297                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1298                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1299                  *
1300                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1301                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1302                  * available to those not running as root.
1303                  */
1304                 memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1305                 oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1306                 memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1307                 oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1308                 memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1309                     sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1310
1311                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1312                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1313                      (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1314                      (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1315                      (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1316                      (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1317                     (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1318                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1319                     pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1320                 } else
1321                     return;
1322         }
1323
1324         /* Display any IP options */
1325         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1326
1327         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1328                 switch (*cp) {
1329                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1330                         hlen = 0;
1331                         break;
1332                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1333                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1334                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1335                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1336                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1337                         hlen -= 2;
1338                         cp += 2;
1339                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1340                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1341                                 for (;;) {
1342                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1343                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1344                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1345                                         else
1346                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1347                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1348                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1349                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1350                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1351                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1352                                                 break;
1353                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1354                                 }
1355                         } else
1356                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1357                         break;
1358                 case IPOPT_RR:
1359                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1360                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1361                         hlen -= 2;
1362                         cp += 2;
1363                         if (i > j)
1364                                 i = j;
1365                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1366                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1367                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1368                                 continue;
1369                         }
1370                         if (i == old_rrlen
1371                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1372                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1373                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1374                                 hlen -= i;
1375                                 cp += i;
1376                                 break;
1377                         }
1378                         old_rrlen = i;
1379                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1380                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1381                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1382                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1383                                 for (;;) {
1384                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1385                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1386                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1387                                         else
1388                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1389                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1390                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1391                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1392                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1393                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1394                                                 break;
1395                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1396                                 }
1397                         } else
1398                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1399                         break;
1400                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1401                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1402                         break;
1403                 default:
1404                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1405                         break;
1406                 }
1407         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1408                 (void)putchar('\n');
1409                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1410         }
1411 }
1412
1413 /*
1414  * status --
1415  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1416  */
1417
1418 static void
1419 status(int sig __unused)
1420 {
1421
1422         siginfo_p = 1;
1423 }
1424
1425 static void
1426 check_status(void)
1427 {
1428
1429         if (siginfo_p) {
1430                 siginfo_p = 0;
1431                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1432                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1433                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1434                 if (nreceived && timing)
1435                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1436                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1437                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1438         }
1439 }
1440
1441 /*
1442  * finish --
1443  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1444  */
1445 static void
1446 finish(void)
1447 {
1448
1449         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1450         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1451         (void)putchar('\n');
1452         (void)fflush(stdout);
1453         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1454         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1455         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1456         if (nrepeats)
1457                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1458         if (ntransmitted) {
1459                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1460                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1461                 else
1462                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1463                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1464                             ntransmitted);
1465         }
1466         if (nrcvtimeout)
1467                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1468         (void)putchar('\n');
1469         if (nreceived && timing) {
1470                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1471                 double avg = tsum / n;
1472                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1473                 (void)printf(
1474                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1475                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1476         }
1477
1478         if (nreceived)
1479                 exit(0);
1480         else
1481                 exit(2);
1482 }
1483
1484 #ifdef notdef
1485 static char *ttab[] = {
1486         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1487         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1488         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1489         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1490         "Echo",
1491         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1492         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1493         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1494         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1495         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1496         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1497 };
1498 #endif
1499
1500 /*
1501  * pr_icmph --
1502  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1503  */
1504 static void
1505 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1506 {
1507
1508         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1509         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1510                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1511                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1512                 break;
1513         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1514                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1515                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1516                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1517                         break;
1518                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1519                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1520                         break;
1521                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1522                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1523                         break;
1524                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1525                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1526                         break;
1527                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1528                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1529                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1530                         break;
1531                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1532                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1533                         break;
1534                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1535                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1536                         break;
1537                 default:
1538                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1539                             icp->icmp_code);
1540                         break;
1541                 }
1542                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1543                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1544                 break;
1545         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1546                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1547                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1548                 break;
1549         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1550                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1551                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1552                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1553                         break;
1554                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1555                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1556                         break;
1557                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1558                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1559                         break;
1560                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1561                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1562                         break;
1563                 default:
1564                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1565                         break;
1566                 }
1567                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1568                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1569                 break;
1570         case ICMP_ECHO:
1571                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1572                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1573                 break;
1574         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1575                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1576                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1577                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1578                         break;
1579                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1580                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1581                         break;
1582                 default:
1583                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1584                             icp->icmp_code);
1585                         break;
1586                 }
1587                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1588                 break;
1589         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1590                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1591                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1592                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1593                 break;
1594         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1595                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1596                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1597                 break;
1598         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1599                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1600                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1601                 break;
1602         case ICMP_IREQ:
1603                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1604                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1605                 break;
1606         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1607                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1608                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1609                 break;
1610         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1611                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1612                 break;
1613         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1614                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1615                 break;
1616         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1617                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1618                 break;
1619         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1620                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1621                 break;
1622         default:
1623                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1624         }
1625 }
1626
1627 /*
1628  * pr_iph --
1629  *      Print an IP header with options.
1630  */
1631 static void
1632 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1633 {
1634         struct in_addr ina;
1635         u_char *cp;
1636         int hlen;
1637
1638         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1639         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1640
1641         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1642         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1643             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1644             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1645         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1646             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1647             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1648         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1649                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1650         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1651         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1652         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1653         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1654         /* dump any option bytes */
1655         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1656                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1657         }
1658         (void)putchar('\n');
1659 }
1660
1661 /*
1662  * pr_addr --
1663  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1664  * a hostname.
1665  */
1666 static char *
1667 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1668 {
1669         struct hostent *hp;
1670         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1671
1672         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1673                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1674
1675         hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1676
1677         if (hp == NULL)
1678                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1679
1680         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1681             inet_ntoa(ina));
1682         return(buf);
1683 }
1684
1685 /*
1686  * pr_retip --
1687  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1688  */
1689 static void
1690 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1691 {
1692         pr_iph(ip);
1693
1694         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1695                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1696                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1697         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1698                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1699                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1700 }
1701
1702 static char *
1703 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1704 {
1705         static char buf[11];
1706         int hour, min, sec;
1707
1708         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1709         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1710         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1711         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1712
1713         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1714
1715         return (buf);
1716 }
1717
1718 static void
1719 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1720 {
1721         char *cp;
1722         int pat[16];
1723         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1724
1725         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1726                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1727                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1728                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1729
1730         }
1731         ii = sscanf(patp,
1732             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1733             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1734             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1735             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1736
1737         if (ii > 0)
1738                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1739                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1740                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1741         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1742                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1743                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1744                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1745                 (void)printf("\n");
1746         }
1747 }
1748
1749 static cap_channel_t *
1750 capdns_setup(void)
1751 {
1752         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1753 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1754         const char *types[2];
1755         int families[1];
1756 #endif
1757         capcas = cap_init();
1758         if (capcas == NULL)
1759                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1760         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1761         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1762         cap_close(capcas);
1763         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1764                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1765 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1766         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1767         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1768         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1769                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1770         families[0] = AF_INET;
1771         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1772                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1773 #endif
1774         return (capdnsloc);
1775 }