2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
50 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/socket.h>
67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <netinet/in.h>
72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
79 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
94 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
95 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
96 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
97 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
98 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
99 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
100 /* runs out of buffer space */
101 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
102 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
103 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
104 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
107 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
108 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
109 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
110 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
111 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
118 /* various options */
120 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
121 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
122 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
123 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
124 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
125 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
126 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
127 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
128 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
129 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
130 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
131 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
133 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
136 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
140 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
141 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
142 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
143 #define F_MASK 0x80000
144 #define F_TIME 0x100000
145 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
148 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
149 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
150 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
152 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
153 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
154 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
156 struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
157 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
159 int s; /* socket file descriptor */
160 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
161 char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
162 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
166 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
167 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
168 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
169 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
174 long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
175 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
176 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
177 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
178 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
179 long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
180 long snreceived; /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
181 long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
182 int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
183 int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
184 int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
185 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
188 int timing; /* flag to do timing */
189 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
190 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
191 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
192 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
194 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
195 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
197 static void fill(char *, char *);
198 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
199 static void check_status(void);
200 static void finish(void) __dead2;
201 static void pinger(void);
202 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
203 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
204 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
205 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
206 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
207 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
208 static void status(int);
209 static void stopit(int);
210 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
211 static void usage(void) __dead2;
218 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
219 struct in_addr ifaddr;
220 struct timeval last, intvl;
224 struct sigaction si_sa;
226 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET];
227 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
229 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
230 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
232 struct sockaddr_in *to;
234 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
235 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
237 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
238 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
240 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
242 unsigned char loop, mttl;
244 payload = source = NULL;
245 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
246 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
250 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
251 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
254 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
260 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
262 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
263 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
264 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vz:"
266 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
268 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
277 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
280 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
281 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
283 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
288 options |= F_HDRINCL;
292 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
297 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
300 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
302 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
303 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
304 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
305 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
307 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
310 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
316 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
317 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
318 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
319 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
321 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
324 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
330 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
331 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
332 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
333 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
335 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
338 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
344 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
345 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
347 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
351 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
352 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
353 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
354 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
356 options |= F_INTERVAL;
358 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
360 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
368 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
369 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
371 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
374 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
389 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
394 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
395 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
396 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
401 options |= F_NUMERIC;
407 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
410 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
411 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
412 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
413 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
415 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
417 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
419 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
420 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
433 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
438 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
439 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
440 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
441 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
443 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
446 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
451 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
452 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
453 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
454 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
460 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
461 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
462 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
464 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
465 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
467 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
470 options |= F_VERBOSE;
473 options |= F_HDRINCL;
474 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
475 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
476 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
484 if (argc - optind != 1)
486 target = argv[optind];
488 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
491 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
492 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
494 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
495 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
498 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
499 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
501 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
502 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
505 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
508 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
509 if (options & F_RROUTE)
510 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
511 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
512 if (datalen > maxpayload)
513 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
515 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
516 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
517 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
518 fill((char *)datap, payload);
521 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
522 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
523 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
526 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
528 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
529 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
531 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
532 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
534 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
535 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
536 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
537 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
538 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
539 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
540 shostname = snamebuf;
542 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
546 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
548 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
549 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
550 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
553 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
555 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
556 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
558 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
559 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
560 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
561 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
562 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
566 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
567 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
569 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
571 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
572 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
573 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
575 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
577 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
580 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
581 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
584 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
588 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
591 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
592 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
594 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
595 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
598 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
599 if (options & F_POLICY) {
601 if (policy_in != NULL) {
602 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
604 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
605 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
606 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
608 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
612 if (policy_out != NULL) {
613 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
615 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
616 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
617 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
619 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
623 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
626 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
627 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
628 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
632 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
634 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
635 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
637 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
638 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
639 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
642 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
644 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
645 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
646 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
648 /* record route option */
649 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
651 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
652 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
653 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
654 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
655 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
656 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
658 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
661 "record route not available in this implementation");
662 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
665 if (options & F_TTL) {
666 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
668 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
671 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
672 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
674 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
677 if (options & F_MTTL) {
678 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
680 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
683 if (options & F_MIF) {
684 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
685 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
686 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
691 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
692 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
696 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
697 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
699 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
700 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
703 snpackets = npackets;
708 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
710 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
711 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
714 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
715 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
716 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
717 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
718 * or multicast pings if they wish.
722 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
725 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
726 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
729 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
732 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
733 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
734 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
736 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
738 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
741 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
745 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
746 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
748 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
752 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
753 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
756 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
759 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
760 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
761 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
764 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
765 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
766 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
769 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
770 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
771 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
772 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
775 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
776 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
780 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
782 iov.iov_base = packet;
783 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
786 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
788 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
790 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
793 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
795 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
797 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
799 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
800 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
805 struct timeval now, timeout;
810 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
811 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
814 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
815 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
816 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
817 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
818 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
821 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
822 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
825 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
826 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
827 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
829 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
831 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
833 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
835 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
837 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
838 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
845 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
846 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
847 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
848 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
849 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
854 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
857 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
858 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
859 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
862 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
863 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
864 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
866 datalen += sweepincr;
867 if (datalen > sweepmax)
869 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
872 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
880 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
884 intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
886 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
887 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
888 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
889 if (options & F_MISSED)
890 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
896 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
901 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
902 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
903 * to be called from a signal handler.
911 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
912 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
914 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
915 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
921 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
922 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
923 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
924 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
925 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
938 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
939 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
942 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
943 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
945 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
947 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
948 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
950 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
951 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
952 if (options & F_TIME)
953 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
954 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
957 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
961 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
963 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
964 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
966 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
967 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
968 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
970 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
973 i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
976 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
978 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
979 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
984 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
990 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
991 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
996 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
997 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
998 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
999 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1002 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
1005 struct sockaddr_in *from;
1014 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1015 static int old_rrlen;
1016 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1018 /* Check the IP header */
1019 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1020 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1022 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1023 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1024 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1025 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1029 /* Now the ICMP part */
1031 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1032 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1033 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1034 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1043 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1045 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1047 if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1048 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1049 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1050 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1051 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1053 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1054 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1056 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1057 if (triptime < tmin)
1059 if (triptime > tmax)
1065 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1067 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1072 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1076 if (options & F_QUIET)
1079 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1080 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1082 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1083 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1085 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1087 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1089 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1090 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1091 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1092 if (options & F_MASK) {
1093 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1094 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1095 pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1097 if (options & F_TIME) {
1098 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1099 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1100 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1102 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1104 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1105 recv_len, send_len);
1107 /* check the data */
1108 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1109 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1110 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1112 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1118 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1120 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1122 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1123 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1124 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1126 (void)printf("\n\t");
1127 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1129 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1130 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1131 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1133 (void)printf("\n\t");
1134 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1142 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1143 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1144 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1145 * and ICMP type and ID.
1147 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1148 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1149 * available to those not running as root.
1152 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1154 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1156 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1158 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1159 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1160 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1161 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1162 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1163 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1164 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1165 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1171 /* Display any IP options */
1172 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1174 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1181 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1182 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1183 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1186 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1187 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1189 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1190 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1191 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1193 (void)printf("\t%s",
1196 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1200 (void)putchar('\n');
1203 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1206 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1207 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1212 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1213 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1218 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1219 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1220 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1226 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1227 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1228 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1229 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1231 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1232 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1233 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1235 (void)printf("\t%s",
1238 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1242 (void)putchar('\n');
1245 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1248 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1251 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1254 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1255 (void)putchar('\n');
1256 (void)fflush(stdout);
1262 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1282 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1283 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1284 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1291 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1293 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1298 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1299 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1300 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1301 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1307 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1312 struct timeval *out, *in;
1315 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1317 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1319 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1324 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1341 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%)",
1342 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1343 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1344 if (nreceived && timing)
1345 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1346 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1347 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1353 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1359 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1360 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1361 (void)putchar('\n');
1362 (void)fflush(stdout);
1363 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1364 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1365 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1367 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1369 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1370 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1372 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1373 (int)(((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1376 (void)putchar('\n');
1377 if (nreceived && timing) {
1378 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1379 double avg = tsum / n;
1380 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1382 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1383 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1393 static char *ttab[] = {
1394 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1395 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1396 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1397 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1399 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1400 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1401 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1402 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1403 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1404 "Info Reply" /* " */
1410 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1417 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1418 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1419 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1420 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1423 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1424 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1425 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1427 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1428 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1430 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1431 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1433 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1434 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1436 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1437 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1438 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1440 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1441 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1443 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1444 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1447 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1451 /* Print returned IP header information */
1453 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1455 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1458 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1459 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1461 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1463 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1467 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1468 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1469 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1471 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1472 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1474 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1475 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1477 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1478 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1481 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1484 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1486 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1488 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1492 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1493 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1496 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1497 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1498 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1500 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1501 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1504 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1509 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1511 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1514 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1515 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1516 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1518 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1520 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1524 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1525 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1527 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1528 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1529 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1532 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1535 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1536 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1540 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1542 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1543 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1545 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1546 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1548 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1549 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1552 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1558 * Print an IP header with options.
1567 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1568 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1570 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1571 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1572 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1574 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1575 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1576 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1577 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1579 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1580 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1581 /* dump any option bytes */
1582 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1583 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1585 (void)putchar('\n');
1590 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1598 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1600 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1601 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1602 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1604 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1611 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1621 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1622 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1625 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1626 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1627 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1628 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1629 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1633 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1635 static char buf[10];
1638 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1639 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1640 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1641 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1643 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1656 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1659 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1663 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1664 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1665 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1666 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1669 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1670 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1671 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1672 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1673 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1674 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1675 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1680 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1681 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1689 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1690 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1691 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1692 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1694 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1695 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1696 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-z tos] mcast-group");