2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
50 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
67 #include <sys/socket.h>
68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
72 #include <netinet/in.h>
73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 #include <libcasper.h>
81 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
100 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
102 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
103 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
104 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
106 /* runs out of buffer space */
107 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
108 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
109 #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */
110 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
113 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
114 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
115 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
116 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
117 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
124 /* various options */
126 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
127 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
128 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
129 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
130 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
131 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
132 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
134 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
135 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
136 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
137 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
139 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
142 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
146 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
147 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
148 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
149 #define F_MASK 0x80000
150 #define F_TIME 0x100000
151 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
152 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000
155 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
156 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
157 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
165 static int maxpayload;
166 static int ssend; /* send socket file descriptor */
167 static int srecv; /* receive socket file descriptor */
168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
169 static char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
170 static char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
171 static char DOT = '.';
172 static char *hostname;
173 static char *shostname;
174 static int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
175 static int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
178 static int phdr_len = 0;
182 static long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
183 static long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
184 static long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
185 static long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
186 static long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
187 static long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
188 static long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
189 static int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
190 static int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
191 static int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
192 static int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */
194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0; /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
197 static int timing; /* flag to do timing */
198 static double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
199 static double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
200 static double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
201 static double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
211 static void fill(char *, char *);
212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
216 static void check_status(void);
217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
218 static void pinger(void);
219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
225 static void status(int);
226 static void stopit(int);
227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
233 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234 struct in_addr ifaddr;
235 struct timeval last, intvl;
239 struct sigaction si_sa;
241 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
242 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
247 struct sockaddr_in *to;
249 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
250 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
251 int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
252 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
253 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
255 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
257 unsigned char loop, mttl;
259 payload = source = NULL;
260 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
261 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
267 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
268 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
271 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
272 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
273 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
274 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
275 * from different addresses, not from the address we
276 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
279 ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
281 srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
284 if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
285 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
290 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
295 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
298 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
300 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
301 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
302 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
315 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
318 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
319 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
321 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
326 options |= F_HDRINCL;
330 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
335 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
338 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
340 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
341 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
342 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
343 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
345 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
348 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
354 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
355 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
356 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
357 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
359 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
362 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
368 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
369 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
370 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
371 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
373 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
376 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
382 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
383 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
385 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
389 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
390 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
391 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
392 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
394 options |= F_INTERVAL;
396 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
398 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
406 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
407 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
409 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
412 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
427 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
432 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
433 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
434 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
439 options |= F_NUMERIC;
445 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
448 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
449 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
450 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
451 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
453 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
455 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
457 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
458 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
471 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
476 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
477 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
478 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
479 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
481 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
484 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
489 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
490 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
491 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
492 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
498 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
499 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
500 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
502 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
503 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
505 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
508 options |= F_VERBOSE;
510 case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */
511 t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
512 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
513 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
515 options |= F_WAITTIME;
519 options |= F_HDRINCL;
520 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
521 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
522 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
530 if (argc - optind != 1)
532 target = argv[optind];
534 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
537 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
538 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
540 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
541 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
544 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
545 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
547 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
548 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
551 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
554 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
555 if (options & F_RROUTE)
556 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
557 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
558 if (datalen > maxpayload)
559 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
561 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
562 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
563 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
564 fill((char *)datap, payload);
567 capdns = capdns_setup();
570 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
571 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
572 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
577 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
581 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
583 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
584 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
586 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
587 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
589 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
590 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
591 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
592 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
593 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
594 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
595 shostname = snamebuf;
597 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
602 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
604 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
605 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
606 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
611 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
614 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
616 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
617 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
619 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
620 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
621 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
622 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
623 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
628 /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
629 if (capdns != NULL) {
630 const char *types[1];
633 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
634 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
638 if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
641 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
642 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
644 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
646 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
647 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
648 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
650 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
652 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
655 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
656 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
659 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
662 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
663 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
665 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
668 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
669 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
672 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
673 if (options & F_POLICY) {
675 if (policy_in != NULL) {
676 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
678 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
679 if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
680 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
682 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
686 if (policy_out != NULL) {
687 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
689 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
690 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
691 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
693 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
697 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
700 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
701 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
702 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
706 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
708 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
709 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
711 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
712 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
713 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
716 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
718 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
719 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
720 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
723 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
726 else if (capdns != NULL)
733 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
734 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
735 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
737 if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
740 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
741 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
742 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
744 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
745 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
746 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
748 /* record route option */
749 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
751 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
752 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
753 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
754 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
755 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
756 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
758 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
761 "record route not available in this implementation");
762 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
765 if (options & F_TTL) {
766 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
768 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
771 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
772 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
774 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
777 if (options & F_MTTL) {
778 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
780 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
783 if (options & F_MIF) {
784 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
785 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
786 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
791 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
792 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
796 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
797 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
799 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
800 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
803 snpackets = npackets;
808 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
810 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
811 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
814 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
815 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
816 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
817 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
818 * or multicast pings if they wish.
822 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
825 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
826 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
828 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
829 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
830 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
831 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
833 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
835 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
836 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
837 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
838 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
840 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
841 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
842 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
844 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
846 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
849 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
853 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
854 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
856 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
860 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
861 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
864 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
867 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
868 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
869 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
872 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
873 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
874 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
877 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
878 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
879 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
880 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
883 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
884 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
888 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
890 iov.iov_base = packet;
891 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
894 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
896 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
898 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
901 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
903 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
905 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
907 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
908 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
913 struct timeval now, timeout;
918 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
919 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
921 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
922 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
923 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
924 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
925 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
926 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
929 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
930 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
933 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
934 timerclear(&timeout);
935 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
937 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
939 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
941 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
943 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
945 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
946 if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
953 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
954 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
955 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
956 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
957 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
962 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
965 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
966 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
967 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
970 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
971 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
972 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
974 datalen += sweepincr;
975 if (datalen > sweepmax)
977 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
980 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
988 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
992 intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
993 intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
996 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
997 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
998 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
999 if (options & F_MISSED)
1000 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1006 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
1011 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1012 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1013 * to be called from a signal handler.
1016 stopit(int sig __unused)
1020 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1021 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1023 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1024 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1030 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
1031 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1032 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1033 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1034 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1047 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1048 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1050 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1051 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1052 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
1054 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1056 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1057 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1059 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1060 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1061 if (options & F_TIME)
1062 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1063 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1065 bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1066 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1070 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1072 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1073 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1075 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1076 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1077 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1078 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1079 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1080 packet = outpackhdr;
1082 i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1083 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
1085 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1086 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1091 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1097 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1098 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1103 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
1104 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1105 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
1106 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1109 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1117 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1118 static int old_rrlen;
1119 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1121 /* Check the IP header */
1122 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1123 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1125 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1126 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1127 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1128 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1132 /* Now the ICMP part */
1134 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1135 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1136 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1137 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1146 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1148 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1150 if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1152 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1153 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1154 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1155 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1157 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1158 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1160 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1161 if (triptime < tmin)
1163 if (triptime > tmax)
1169 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1171 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1176 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1180 if (options & F_QUIET)
1183 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1188 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1189 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1191 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1192 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1194 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1196 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1198 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1199 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1200 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1201 if (options & F_MASK) {
1202 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1203 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1204 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1206 if (options & F_TIME) {
1207 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1208 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1209 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1211 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1213 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1214 recv_len, send_len);
1216 /* check the data */
1217 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1218 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1219 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1221 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1227 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1229 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1231 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1232 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1233 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1235 (void)printf("\n\t");
1236 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1238 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1239 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1240 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1242 (void)printf("\n\t");
1243 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1251 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1252 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1253 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1254 * and ICMP type and ID.
1256 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1257 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1258 * available to those not running as root.
1261 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1263 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1265 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1267 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1268 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1269 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1270 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1271 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1272 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1273 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1274 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1280 /* Display any IP options */
1281 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1283 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1290 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1291 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1292 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1295 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1296 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1298 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1299 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1300 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1302 (void)printf("\t%s",
1305 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1309 (void)putchar('\n');
1312 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1315 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1316 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1321 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1322 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1327 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1328 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1329 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1335 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1336 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1337 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1338 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1340 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1341 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1342 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1344 (void)printf("\t%s",
1347 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1351 (void)putchar('\n');
1354 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1357 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1360 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1363 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1364 (void)putchar('\n');
1365 (void)fflush(stdout);
1371 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1374 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1389 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1390 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1391 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1398 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1400 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1405 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1406 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1407 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1408 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1414 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1418 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1421 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1423 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1425 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1430 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1434 status(int sig __unused)
1446 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1447 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1448 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1449 if (nreceived && timing)
1450 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1451 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1452 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1458 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1464 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1465 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1466 (void)putchar('\n');
1467 (void)fflush(stdout);
1468 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1469 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1470 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1472 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1474 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1475 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1477 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1478 ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1482 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1483 (void)putchar('\n');
1484 if (nreceived && timing) {
1485 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1486 double avg = tsum / n;
1487 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1489 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1490 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1500 static char *ttab[] = {
1501 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1502 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1503 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1504 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1506 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1507 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1508 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1509 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1510 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1511 "Info Reply" /* " */
1517 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1520 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1523 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1524 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1525 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1526 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1529 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1530 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1531 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1533 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1534 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1536 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1537 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1539 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1540 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1542 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1543 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1544 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1546 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1547 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1549 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1550 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1553 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1557 /* Print returned IP header information */
1559 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1561 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1564 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1565 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1567 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1569 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1573 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1574 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1575 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1577 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1578 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1580 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1581 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1583 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1584 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1587 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1590 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1592 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1594 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1598 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1599 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1602 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1603 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1604 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1606 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1607 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1610 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1615 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1617 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1620 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1621 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1622 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1624 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1626 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1630 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1631 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1633 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1634 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1635 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1638 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1641 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1642 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1646 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1648 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1649 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1651 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1652 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1654 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1655 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1658 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1664 * Print an IP header with options.
1667 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1673 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1674 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1676 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1677 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1678 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1680 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1681 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1682 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1683 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1685 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1686 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1687 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1688 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1689 /* dump any option bytes */
1690 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1691 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1693 (void)putchar('\n');
1698 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1702 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1705 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1707 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1708 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1712 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1715 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1718 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1720 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1727 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1730 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1736 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1737 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1740 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1741 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1742 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1743 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1744 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1748 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1750 static char buf[10];
1753 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1754 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1755 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1756 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1758 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1764 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1770 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1773 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1777 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1778 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1779 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1780 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1783 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1784 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1785 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1786 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1787 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1788 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1789 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1795 static cap_channel_t *
1798 cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1799 const char *types[2];
1802 capcas = cap_init();
1804 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1805 capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1806 /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1808 if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1809 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1812 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1813 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1814 families[0] = AF_INET;
1815 if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1816 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1820 #endif /* WITH_CASPER */
1822 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1823 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1831 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1832 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1833 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1834 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1835 " [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1836 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1837 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1838 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1839 " [-z tos] mcast-group");