2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20 * without specific prior written permission.
22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
52 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
57 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
61 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
63 * More statistics could always be gathered.
64 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
67 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
100 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
102 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
103 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
104 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
106 /* runs out of buffer space */
107 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
108 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
109 #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */
110 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
113 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
114 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
115 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
116 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
117 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
124 /* various options */
126 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
127 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
128 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
129 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
130 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
131 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
132 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
134 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
135 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
136 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
137 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
139 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
142 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
146 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
147 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
148 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
149 #define F_MASK 0x80000
150 #define F_TIME 0x100000
151 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
152 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000
155 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
156 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
157 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
165 static int maxpayload;
166 static int ssend; /* send socket file descriptor */
167 static int srecv; /* receive socket file descriptor */
168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
169 static char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
170 static char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
171 static char DOT = '.';
172 static char *hostname;
173 static char *shostname;
174 static int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
175 static int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
178 static int phdr_len = 0;
182 static long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
183 static long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
184 static long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
185 static long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
186 static long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
187 static long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
188 static long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
189 static int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
190 static int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
191 static int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
192 static int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */
194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0; /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
197 static int timing; /* flag to do timing */
198 static double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
199 static double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
200 static double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
201 static double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
207 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
209 static void fill(char *, char *);
210 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
211 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
212 static void check_status(void);
213 static void finish(void) __dead2;
214 static void pinger(void);
215 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
216 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
217 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
218 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
219 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
220 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
221 static void status(int);
222 static void stopit(int);
223 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
224 static void usage(void) __dead2;
227 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
229 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
230 struct in_addr ifaddr;
231 struct timeval last, intvl;
235 struct sigaction si_sa;
237 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
238 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
240 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
241 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
243 struct sockaddr_in *to;
245 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
246 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
247 int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
248 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
249 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
251 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
253 unsigned char loop, mttl;
255 payload = source = NULL;
256 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
257 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
263 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
264 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
267 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
268 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
269 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
270 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
271 * from different addresses, not from the address we
272 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
275 ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
277 srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280 if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
281 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
286 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
291 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
294 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
296 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
297 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
298 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
300 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
302 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
311 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
314 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
315 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
317 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
322 options |= F_HDRINCL;
326 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
331 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
334 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
336 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
337 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
338 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
339 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
341 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
344 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
350 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
351 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
352 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
353 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
355 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
358 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
364 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
365 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
366 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
367 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
369 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
372 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
378 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
379 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
381 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
385 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
386 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
387 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
388 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
390 options |= F_INTERVAL;
392 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
394 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
402 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
403 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
405 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
408 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
423 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
428 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
429 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
430 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
435 options |= F_NUMERIC;
441 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
444 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
445 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
446 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
447 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
449 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
451 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
453 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
454 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
467 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
472 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
473 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
474 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
475 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
477 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
480 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
485 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
486 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
487 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
488 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
494 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
495 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
496 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
498 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
499 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
501 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
504 options |= F_VERBOSE;
506 case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */
507 t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
508 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
509 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
511 options |= F_WAITTIME;
515 options |= F_HDRINCL;
516 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
517 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
518 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
526 if (argc - optind != 1)
528 target = argv[optind];
530 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
533 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
534 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
536 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
537 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
540 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
541 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
543 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
544 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
547 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
550 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
551 if (options & F_RROUTE)
552 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
553 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
554 if (datalen > maxpayload)
555 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
557 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
558 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
559 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
560 fill((char *)datap, payload);
562 capdns = capdns_setup();
564 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
565 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
566 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
570 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
573 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
575 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
576 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
578 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
579 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
581 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
582 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
583 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
584 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
585 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
586 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
587 shostname = snamebuf;
589 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
594 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
596 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
597 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
598 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
602 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
604 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
606 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
609 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
610 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
611 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
612 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
613 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
617 /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
618 if (capdns != NULL) {
619 const char *types[1];
622 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
623 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
626 if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
629 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
630 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
632 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
634 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
635 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
636 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
638 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
640 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
643 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
644 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
647 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
650 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
651 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
653 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
656 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
657 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
660 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
661 if (options & F_POLICY) {
663 if (policy_in != NULL) {
664 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
666 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
667 if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
668 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
670 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
674 if (policy_out != NULL) {
675 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
677 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
678 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
679 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
681 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
685 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
688 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
689 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
690 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
694 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
696 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
697 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
699 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
700 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
701 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
704 ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
706 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
707 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
708 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
711 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
713 else if (capdns != NULL)
714 cansandbox = CASPER_SUPPORT;
719 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
720 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
721 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
723 if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
726 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
727 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
728 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
730 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
731 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
732 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
734 /* record route option */
735 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
737 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
738 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
739 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
740 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
741 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
742 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
744 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
747 "record route not available in this implementation");
748 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
751 if (options & F_TTL) {
752 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
754 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
757 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
758 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
760 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
763 if (options & F_MTTL) {
764 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
766 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
769 if (options & F_MIF) {
770 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
771 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
772 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
777 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
778 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
782 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
783 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
785 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
786 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
789 snpackets = npackets;
794 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
796 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
797 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
800 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
801 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
802 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
803 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
804 * or multicast pings if they wish.
808 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
811 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
812 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
814 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
815 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
816 if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
817 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
819 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
821 /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
822 cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
823 if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
824 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
826 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
827 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
828 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
830 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
832 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
835 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
839 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
840 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
842 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
846 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
847 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
850 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
853 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
854 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
855 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
858 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
859 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
860 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
863 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
864 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
865 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
866 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
869 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
870 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
874 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
876 iov.iov_base = packet;
877 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
880 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
882 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
884 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
887 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
889 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
891 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
893 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
894 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
899 struct timeval now, timeout;
904 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
905 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
907 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
908 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
909 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
910 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
911 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
912 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
915 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
916 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
919 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
920 timerclear(&timeout);
921 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
923 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
925 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
927 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
929 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
931 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
932 if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
939 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
940 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
941 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
942 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
943 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
948 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
951 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
952 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
953 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
956 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
957 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
958 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
960 datalen += sweepincr;
961 if (datalen > sweepmax)
963 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
966 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
974 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
978 intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
979 intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
982 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
983 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
984 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
985 if (options & F_MISSED)
986 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
992 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
997 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
998 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
999 * to be called from a signal handler.
1002 stopit(int sig __unused)
1006 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1007 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1009 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1010 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1016 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
1017 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1018 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1019 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1020 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1033 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1034 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1036 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1037 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1038 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
1040 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1042 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1043 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1045 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1046 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1047 if (options & F_TIME)
1048 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1049 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1051 bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1052 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1056 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1058 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1059 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1061 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1062 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1063 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1064 ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1065 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1066 packet = outpackhdr;
1068 i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1069 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
1071 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1072 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1077 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1083 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1084 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1089 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
1090 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1091 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
1092 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1095 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1103 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1104 static int old_rrlen;
1105 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1107 /* Check the IP header */
1108 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1109 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1111 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1112 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1113 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1114 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1118 /* Now the ICMP part */
1120 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1121 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1122 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1123 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1132 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1134 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1136 if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1138 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1139 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1140 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1141 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1143 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1144 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1146 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1147 if (triptime < tmin)
1149 if (triptime > tmax)
1155 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1157 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1162 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1166 if (options & F_QUIET)
1169 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1174 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1175 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1177 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1178 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1180 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1182 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1184 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1185 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1186 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1187 if (options & F_MASK) {
1188 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1189 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1190 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1192 if (options & F_TIME) {
1193 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1194 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1195 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1197 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1199 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1200 recv_len, send_len);
1202 /* check the data */
1203 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1204 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1205 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1207 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1213 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1215 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1217 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1218 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1219 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1221 (void)printf("\n\t");
1222 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1224 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1225 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1226 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1228 (void)printf("\n\t");
1229 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1237 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1238 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1239 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1240 * and ICMP type and ID.
1242 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1243 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1244 * available to those not running as root.
1247 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1249 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1251 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1253 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1254 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1255 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1256 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1257 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1258 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1259 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1260 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1266 /* Display any IP options */
1267 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1269 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1276 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1277 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1278 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1281 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1282 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1284 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1285 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1286 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1288 (void)printf("\t%s",
1291 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1295 (void)putchar('\n');
1298 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1301 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1302 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1307 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1308 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1313 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1314 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1315 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1321 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1322 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1323 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1324 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1326 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1327 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1328 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1330 (void)printf("\t%s",
1333 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1337 (void)putchar('\n');
1340 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1343 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1346 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1349 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1350 (void)putchar('\n');
1351 (void)fflush(stdout);
1357 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1360 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1375 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1376 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1377 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1384 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1386 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1391 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1392 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1393 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1394 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1400 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1404 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1407 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1409 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1411 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1416 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1420 status(int sig __unused)
1432 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1433 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1434 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1435 if (nreceived && timing)
1436 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1437 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1438 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1444 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1450 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1451 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1452 (void)putchar('\n');
1453 (void)fflush(stdout);
1454 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1455 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1456 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1458 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1460 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1461 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1463 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1464 ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1468 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1469 (void)putchar('\n');
1470 if (nreceived && timing) {
1471 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1472 double avg = tsum / n;
1473 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1475 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1476 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1486 static char *ttab[] = {
1487 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1488 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1489 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1490 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1492 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1493 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1494 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1495 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1496 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1497 "Info Reply" /* " */
1503 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1506 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1509 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1510 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1511 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1512 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1515 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1516 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1517 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1519 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1520 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1522 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1523 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1525 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1526 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1528 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1529 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1530 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1532 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1533 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1535 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1536 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1539 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1543 /* Print returned IP header information */
1545 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1547 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1550 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1551 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1553 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1555 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1559 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1560 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1561 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1563 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1564 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1566 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1567 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1569 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1570 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1573 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1576 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1578 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1580 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1584 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1585 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1588 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1589 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1590 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1592 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1593 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1596 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1601 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1603 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1606 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1607 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1608 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1610 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1612 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1616 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1617 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1619 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1620 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1621 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1624 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1627 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1628 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1632 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1634 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1635 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1637 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1638 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1640 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1641 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1644 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1650 * Print an IP header with options.
1653 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1659 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1660 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1662 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1663 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1664 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1666 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1667 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1668 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1669 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1671 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1672 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1673 memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1674 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1675 /* dump any option bytes */
1676 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1677 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1679 (void)putchar('\n');
1684 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1688 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1691 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1693 if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1694 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1697 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1699 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1702 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1704 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1711 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1714 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1720 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1721 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1724 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1725 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1726 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1727 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1728 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1732 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1734 static char buf[10];
1737 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1738 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1739 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1740 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1742 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1748 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1754 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1757 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1761 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1762 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1763 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1764 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1767 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1768 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1769 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1770 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1771 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1772 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1773 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1778 static cap_channel_t *
1781 cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1782 const char *types[2];
1785 capcas = cap_init();
1787 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1788 capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1789 /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1791 if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1792 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1795 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1796 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1797 families[0] = AF_INET;
1798 if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1799 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1804 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1805 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1813 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1814 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1815 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1816 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1817 " [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1818 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1819 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1820 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1821 " [-z tos] mcast-group");