1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
5 .\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
7 .\" Almost completely rewritten for FreeBSD 2.1 by Joerg Wunsch.
9 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
19 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
20 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 .\" without specific prior written permission.
25 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37 .\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
39 .\" $Id: boot_i386.8,v 1.12 1998/07/09 06:24:21 phk Exp $
47 system bootstrapping procedures
49 .Sy Power fail and crash recovery.
50 Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
51 An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
52 and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
57 clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive 0 (otherwise known as
58 drive A:) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk
59 drive 0 (otherwise known as drive C:,
60 or (confusingly) hard disk drive 1, or drive 0x80 in the BIOS).
61 Some BIOSes let you change this default sequence or may include a CD-ROM
62 drive as a boot device.
63 After the boot blocks have been loaded,
64 you should see a prompt similar to the following:
66 >> FreeBSD BOOT @ 0x10000: 640/7168 k of memory, internal console
67 Boot default: 0:wd(0,a)kernel
72 (You may see some tips printed on the screen too.)
74 The automatic boot will attempt to load
78 of either the floppy or the hard disk.
79 This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard
82 prompt. At this time, the following input will be accepted:
85 Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default
86 boot device, as a hint about available boot files.
87 .It Op bios_drive:interface(unit,part) Op filename Op Fl abCcDdghPrsv
88 Specify boot file and flags.
89 .Bl -tag -width 10x -compact
91 The drive number as recognized by the BIOS.
92 0 for the first drive, 1 for the second drive, etc.
94 The type of controller to boot from. Note that the controller is required
95 to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the
98 The supported interfaces are:
99 .Bl -tag -width "wdXX" -compact
101 ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or lookalike
104 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" High density floppies
106 SCSI disk on any supported SCSI controller
111 The unit number of the drive on the interface being used.
112 0 for the first drive, 1 for the second drive, etc.
114 The partition letter inside the BSD portion of the disk. See
116 By convention, only partition
118 contains a bootable image. If sliced disks are used
119 .Pq Dq fdisk partitions ,
120 only the first BSD slice can be used to boot from. The partition
121 letter always refers to the first slice.
123 The pathname of the file to boot (relative to the root directory
124 on the specified partition). Defaults to
126 Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are).
129 .Bl -tag -width "-CXX" -compact
131 during kernel initialization,
132 ask for the device to mount as as the root file system.
134 put the screen in 800x600x4 mode (Vesa mode 0x102).
135 This is useful on laptops whose graphics
136 chips are not supported by XFree86 by the XF86_VGA16 server.
137 You need to have a 8x16 font compiled into syscons or loaded as
138 part of boot-strap if you actually want to see anything on
143 run UserConfig to modify hardware parameters for the loaded
144 kernel. If the kernel was built with the USERCONFIG_BOOT option,
145 remain in UserConfig regardless of any
147 commands present in the script.
149 toggle single and dual console configurations. In the single
150 configuration the console will be either the internal display
151 or the serial port, depending on the state of the
153 option below. In the dual console configuration,
154 both the internal display and the serial port will become the console
155 at the same time, regardless of the state of the
157 option. However, the dual console configuration takes effect only during
158 the boot prompt. Once the kernel is loaded, the console specified
161 option becomes the only console.
163 enter the DDB kernel debugger
165 as early as possible in kernel initialization.
167 use the GDB remote debugging protocol.
169 toggle internal and serial consoles. You can use this to switch
170 console devices. For instance, if you boot from the internal console,
173 option to force the kernel to use the serial port as its
174 console device. Alternatively, if you boot from the serial port,
175 you can use this option to force the kernel to use the internal display
176 as the console instead. This option has no effect if the kernel was
178 .Em options COMCONSOLE .
180 probe the keyboard. If no keyboard is found, the
184 options are automatically set.
186 use the statically configured default for the device containing the
188 .Pq see Xr config 8 .
189 Normally, the root file system is on the device
190 that the kernel was loaded from.
192 boot into single-user mode; if the console is marked as
195 the root password must be entered.
197 be verbose during device probing (and later).
202 You may put a BIOS drive number, a controller type, a unit number,
203 a partition, a kernel file name and the
211 to set defaults. Write them in one line just as you type at the
215 .Bl -tag -width /kernel.old.config -compact
217 parameters for the boot loader (optional)
222 .It Pa /kernel.config
223 parameters for default kernel (optional)
225 typical non-default kernel (optional)
226 .It Pa /kernel.old.config
227 parameters for non-default kernel (optional)
240 The disklabel format used by this version of
243 different from that of other architectures.
245 The kernel's output is invisible (nothing but the cursor can be seen) when
247 is used unless a font has been compiled into the kernel.
249 The boot flags are not very self-explanatory, and the alphabet has
250 too few characters to implement every potentially useful boot option.