1 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" @(#)swapon.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
35 .Nm swapon , swapoff , swapctl
36 .Nd "specify devices for paging and swapping"
58 utilities are used to control swap devices in the system.
59 At boot time all swap entries in
61 are added automatically when the system goes multi-user.
62 Swap devices use a fixed interleave; the maximum number of devices
64 There is no priority mechanism.
68 utility adds the specified swap devices to the system.
71 option is used, all swap devices in
73 will be added, unless their
83 option will be added as well as ones with no option.
87 informational messages will not be
88 written to standard output when a swap device is added.
92 utility removes the specified swap devices from the system.
95 option is used, all swap devices in
97 will be removed, unless their
103 only swap devices with the
105 option will be removed.
109 informational messages will not be
110 written to standard output when a swap device is removed.
113 will fail and refuse to remove a swap device if there is insufficient
114 VM (memory + remaining swap devices) to run the system.
118 must move swapped pages out of the device being removed which could
119 lead to high system loads for a period of time, depending on how
120 much data has been swapped out to that device.
122 Other options supported by both
127 .Bl -tag -width indent
136 utility exists primarily for those familiar with other
139 used to add, remove, or list swap devices.
142 option is used differently in
144 and indicates that a specific list of devices should be added.
147 option indicates that a specific list should be removed.
154 operate on all swap entries in
156 which do not have their
160 Swap information can be generated using the
170 utility has the following options for listing swap:
171 .Bl -tag -width indent
173 Output values in human-readable form.
175 Output values in gigabytes.
177 Output values in kilobytes.
179 Output values in megabytes.
181 List the devices making up system swap.
183 Print a summary line for system swap.
187 environment variable is used if not specifically
189 512 byte blocks are used by default.
192 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/{ada,da}?s?b" -compact
193 .It Pa /dev/{ada,da}?s?b
194 standard paging devices
199 file system description table
202 These utilities may fail for the reasons described in
220 utilities appeared in