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141 .TH ENC 1 "0.9.6e" "2001-07-19" "OpenSSL"
144 enc \- symmetric cipher routines
146 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
147 \&\fBopenssl enc \-ciphername\fR
148 [\fB\-in filename\fR]
149 [\fB\-out filename\fR]
156 [\fB\-kfile filename\fR]
158 [\fB\-iv \s-1IV\s0\fR]
161 [\fB\-bufsize number\fR]
164 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
165 The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
166 using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
167 or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
168 either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.
171 .Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
172 .IX Item "-in filename"
173 the input filename, standard input by default.
174 .Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
175 .IX Item "-out filename"
176 the output filename, standard output by default.
177 .Ip "\fB\-pass arg\fR" 4
179 the password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
180 see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in openssl(1).
183 use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option should \fB\s-1ALWAYS\s0\fR
184 be used unless compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL or SSLeay
185 is required. This option is only present on OpenSSL versions 0.9.5 or
187 .Ip "\fB\-nosalt\fR" 4
189 don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This is the default for
190 compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL and SSLeay.
193 encrypt the input data: this is the default.
196 decrypt the input data.
199 base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
200 the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
201 the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.
204 if the \fB\-a\fR option is set then base64 process the data on one line.
205 .Ip "\fB\-k password\fR" 4
206 .IX Item "-k password"
207 the password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
208 versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the \fB\-pass\fR argument.
209 .Ip "\fB\-kfile filename\fR" 4
210 .IX Item "-kfile filename"
211 read the password to derive the key from the first line of \fBfilename\fR.
212 This is for computability with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
213 the \fB\-pass\fR argument.
214 .Ip "\fB\-S salt\fR" 4
216 the actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
218 .Ip "\fB\-K key\fR" 4
220 the actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
221 of hex digits. If only the key is specified, the \s-1IV\s0 must additionally specified
222 using the \fB\-iv\fR option. When both a key and a password are specified, the
223 key given with the \fB\-K\fR option will be used and the \s-1IV\s0 generated from the
224 password will be taken. It probably does not make much sense to specify
225 both key and password.
226 .Ip "\fB\-iv \s-1IV\s0\fR" 4
228 the actual \s-1IV\s0 to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
229 of hex digits. When only the key is specified using the \fB\-K\fR option, the
230 \&\s-1IV\s0 must explicitly be defined. When a password is being specified using
231 one of the other options, the \s-1IV\s0 is generated from this password.
234 print out the key and \s-1IV\s0 used.
237 print out the key and \s-1IV\s0 used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
239 .Ip "\fB\-bufsize number\fR" 4
240 .IX Item "-bufsize number"
241 set the buffer size for I/O
242 .Ip "\fB\-debug\fR" 4
244 debug the BIOs used for I/O.
247 The program can be called either as \fBopenssl ciphername\fR or
248 \&\fBopenssl enc \-ciphername\fR.
250 A password will be prompted for to derive the key and \s-1IV\s0 if necessary.
252 The \fB\-salt\fR option should \fB\s-1ALWAYS\s0\fR be used if the key is being derived
253 from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
256 Without the \fB\-salt\fR option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
257 attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
258 for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
259 encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
260 encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
261 encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
263 Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
264 implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
265 a strong block cipher in \s-1CBC\s0 mode such as bf or des3.
267 All the block ciphers use PKCS#5 padding also known as standard block
268 padding: this allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to be
269 performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test is
270 better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.
272 All \s-1RC2\s0 ciphers have the same key and effective key length.
274 Blowfish and \s-1RC5\s0 algorithms use a 128 bit key.
275 .SH "SUPPORTED CIPHERS"
276 .IX Header "SUPPORTED CIPHERS"
281 \& bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
282 \& bf Alias for bf-cbc
283 \& bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
284 \& bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
285 \& bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode
288 \& cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
289 \& cast Alias for cast-cbc
290 \& cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
291 \& cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
292 \& cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
293 \& cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode
296 \& des-cbc DES in CBC mode
297 \& des Alias for des-cbc
298 \& des-cfb DES in CBC mode
299 \& des-ofb DES in OFB mode
300 \& des-ecb DES in ECB mode
303 \& des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
304 \& des-ede Alias for des-ede
305 \& des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
306 \& des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
309 \& des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
310 \& des-ede3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
311 \& des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
312 \& des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
313 \& des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
316 \& desx DESX algorithm.
319 \& idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
320 \& idea same as idea-cbc
321 \& idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
322 \& idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
323 \& idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode
326 \& rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
327 \& rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
328 \& rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
329 \& rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
330 \& rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
331 \& rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
332 \& rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode
340 \& rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
341 \& rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
342 \& rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
343 \& rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
344 \& rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
347 .IX Header "EXAMPLES"
348 Just base64 encode a binary file:
351 \& openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64
356 \& openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin
358 Encrypt a file using triple \s-1DES\s0 in \s-1CBC\s0 mode using a prompted password:
361 \& openssl des3 -salt -in file.txt -out file.des3
363 Decrypt a file using a supplied password:
366 \& openssl des3 -d -salt -in file.des3 -out file.txt -k mypassword
368 Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
369 using Blowfish in \s-1CBC\s0 mode:
372 \& openssl bf -a -salt -in file.txt -out file.bf
374 Base64 decode a file then decrypt it:
377 \& openssl bf -d -salt -a -in file.bf -out file.txt
379 Decrypt some data using a supplied 40 bit \s-1RC4\s0 key:
382 \& openssl rc4-40 -in file.rc4 -out file.txt -K 0102030405
386 The \fB\-A\fR option when used with large files doesn't work properly.
388 There should be an option to allow an iteration count to be included.
390 Like the \s-1EVP\s0 library the \fBenc\fR program only supports a fixed number of
391 algorithms with certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use \s-1RC2\s0
392 with a 76 bit key or \s-1RC4\s0 with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.