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129 .\" ========================================================================
132 .TH VERIFY 1 "2018-03-27" "1.0.2o" "OpenSSL"
133 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
134 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
139 verify \- Utility to verify certificates.
141 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
142 \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBverify\fR
143 [\fB\-CApath directory\fR]
144 [\fB\-CAfile file\fR]
145 [\fB\-purpose purpose\fR]
147 [\fB\-ignore_critical\fR]
148 [\fB\-attime timestamp\fR]
149 [\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR]
150 [\fB\-CRLfile file\fR]
151 [\fB\-crl_download\fR]
153 [\fB\-crl_check_all\fR]
154 [\fB\-policy_check\fR]
155 [\fB\-explicit_policy\fR]
156 [\fB\-inhibit_any\fR]
157 [\fB\-inhibit_map\fR]
158 [\fB\-x509_strict\fR]
159 [\fB\-extended_crl\fR]
161 [\fB\-policy_print\fR]
162 [\fB\-no_alt_chains\fR]
163 [\fB\-allow_proxy_certs\fR]
164 [\fB\-untrusted file\fR]
166 [\fB\-issuer_checks\fR]
167 [\fB\-trusted file\fR]
172 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
173 The \fBverify\fR command verifies certificate chains.
174 .SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
175 .IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
176 .IP "\fB\-CApath directory\fR" 4
177 .IX Item "-CApath directory"
178 A directory of trusted certificates. The certificates should have names
179 of the form: hash.0 or have symbolic links to them of this
180 form (\*(L"hash\*(R" is the hashed certificate subject name: see the \fB\-hash\fR option
181 of the \fBx509\fR utility). Under Unix the \fBc_rehash\fR script will automatically
182 create symbolic links to a directory of certificates.
183 .IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR A file of trusted certificates. The file should contain multiple certificates in \s-1PEM\s0 format concatenated together." 4
184 .IX Item "-CAfile file A file of trusted certificates. The file should contain multiple certificates in PEM format concatenated together."
186 .IP "\fB\-attime timestamp\fR" 4
187 .IX Item "-attime timestamp"
189 Perform validation checks using time specified by \fBtimestamp\fR and not
190 current system time. \fBtimestamp\fR is the number of seconds since
191 01.01.1970 (\s-1UNIX\s0 time).
192 .IP "\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR" 4
193 .IX Item "-check_ss_sig"
194 Verify the signature on the self-signed root \s-1CA.\s0 This is disabled by default
195 because it doesn't add any security.
196 .IP "\fB\-CRLfile file\fR" 4
197 .IX Item "-CRLfile file"
198 File containing one or more \s-1CRL\s0's (in \s-1PEM\s0 format) to load.
199 .IP "\fB\-crl_download\fR" 4
200 .IX Item "-crl_download"
201 Attempt to download \s-1CRL\s0 information for this certificate.
202 .IP "\fB\-crl_check\fR" 4
203 .IX Item "-crl_check"
204 Checks end entity certificate validity by attempting to look up a valid \s-1CRL.\s0
205 If a valid \s-1CRL\s0 cannot be found an error occurs.
206 .IP "\fB\-untrusted file\fR" 4
207 .IX Item "-untrusted file"
208 A file of untrusted certificates. The file should contain multiple certificates
209 in \s-1PEM\s0 format concatenated together.
210 .IP "\fB\-purpose purpose\fR" 4
211 .IX Item "-purpose purpose"
212 The intended use for the certificate. If this option is not specified,
213 \&\fBverify\fR will not consider certificate purpose during chain verification.
214 Currently accepted uses are \fBsslclient\fR, \fBsslserver\fR, \fBnssslserver\fR,
215 \&\fBsmimesign\fR, \fBsmimeencrypt\fR. See the \fB\s-1VERIFY OPERATION\s0\fR section for more
219 Print out a usage message.
220 .IP "\fB\-verbose\fR" 4
222 Print extra information about the operations being performed.
223 .IP "\fB\-issuer_checks\fR" 4
224 .IX Item "-issuer_checks"
225 Print out diagnostics relating to searches for the issuer certificate of the
226 current certificate. This shows why each candidate issuer certificate was
227 rejected. The presence of rejection messages does not itself imply that
228 anything is wrong; during the normal verification process, several
229 rejections may take place.
230 .IP "\fB\-policy arg\fR" 4
231 .IX Item "-policy arg"
232 Enable policy processing and add \fBarg\fR to the user-initial-policy-set (see
233 \&\s-1RFC5280\s0). The policy \fBarg\fR can be an object name an \s-1OID\s0 in numeric form.
234 This argument can appear more than once.
235 .IP "\fB\-policy_check\fR" 4
236 .IX Item "-policy_check"
237 Enables certificate policy processing.
238 .IP "\fB\-explicit_policy\fR" 4
239 .IX Item "-explicit_policy"
240 Set policy variable require-explicit-policy (see \s-1RFC5280\s0).
241 .IP "\fB\-inhibit_any\fR" 4
242 .IX Item "-inhibit_any"
243 Set policy variable inhibit-any-policy (see \s-1RFC5280\s0).
244 .IP "\fB\-inhibit_map\fR" 4
245 .IX Item "-inhibit_map"
246 Set policy variable inhibit-policy-mapping (see \s-1RFC5280\s0).
247 .IP "\fB\-no_alt_chains\fR" 4
248 .IX Item "-no_alt_chains"
249 When building a certificate chain, if the first certificate chain found is not
250 trusted, then OpenSSL will continue to check to see if an alternative chain can
251 be found that is trusted. With this option that behaviour is suppressed so that
252 only the first chain found is ever used. Using this option will force the
253 behaviour to match that of previous OpenSSL versions.
254 .IP "\fB\-allow_proxy_certs\fR" 4
255 .IX Item "-allow_proxy_certs"
256 Allow the verification of proxy certificates.
257 .IP "\fB\-trusted file\fR" 4
258 .IX Item "-trusted file"
259 A file of additional trusted certificates. The file should contain multiple
260 certificates in \s-1PEM\s0 format concatenated together.
261 .IP "\fB\-policy_print\fR" 4
262 .IX Item "-policy_print"
263 Print out diagnostics related to policy processing.
264 .IP "\fB\-crl_check\fR" 4
265 .IX Item "-crl_check"
266 Checks end entity certificate validity by attempting to look up a valid \s-1CRL.\s0
267 If a valid \s-1CRL\s0 cannot be found an error occurs.
268 .IP "\fB\-crl_check_all\fR" 4
269 .IX Item "-crl_check_all"
270 Checks the validity of \fBall\fR certificates in the chain by attempting
271 to look up valid CRLs.
272 .IP "\fB\-ignore_critical\fR" 4
273 .IX Item "-ignore_critical"
274 Normally if an unhandled critical extension is present which is not
275 supported by OpenSSL the certificate is rejected (as required by \s-1RFC5280\s0).
276 If this option is set critical extensions are ignored.
277 .IP "\fB\-x509_strict\fR" 4
278 .IX Item "-x509_strict"
279 For strict X.509 compliance, disable non-compliant workarounds for broken
281 .IP "\fB\-extended_crl\fR" 4
282 .IX Item "-extended_crl"
283 Enable extended \s-1CRL\s0 features such as indirect CRLs and alternate \s-1CRL\s0
285 .IP "\fB\-use_deltas\fR" 4
286 .IX Item "-use_deltas"
287 Enable support for delta CRLs.
288 .IP "\fB\-check_ss_sig\fR" 4
289 .IX Item "-check_ss_sig"
290 Verify the signature on the self-signed root \s-1CA.\s0 This is disabled by default
291 because it doesn't add any security.
294 Indicates the last option. All arguments following this are assumed to be
295 certificate files. This is useful if the first certificate filename begins
297 .IP "\fBcertificates\fR" 4
298 .IX Item "certificates"
299 One or more certificates to verify. If no certificates are given, \fBverify\fR
300 will attempt to read a certificate from standard input. Certificates must be
301 in \s-1PEM\s0 format.
302 .SH "VERIFY OPERATION"
303 .IX Header "VERIFY OPERATION"
304 The \fBverify\fR program uses the same functions as the internal \s-1SSL\s0 and S/MIME
305 verification, therefore this description applies to these verify operations
308 There is one crucial difference between the verify operations performed
309 by the \fBverify\fR program: wherever possible an attempt is made to continue
310 after an error whereas normally the verify operation would halt on the
311 first error. This allows all the problems with a certificate chain to be
314 The verify operation consists of a number of separate steps.
316 Firstly a certificate chain is built up starting from the supplied certificate
317 and ending in the root \s-1CA.\s0 It is an error if the whole chain cannot be built
318 up. The chain is built up by looking up the issuers certificate of the current
319 certificate. If a certificate is found which is its own issuer it is assumed
320 to be the root \s-1CA.\s0
322 The process of 'looking up the issuers certificate' itself involves a number
323 of steps. In versions of OpenSSL before 0.9.5a the first certificate whose
324 subject name matched the issuer of the current certificate was assumed to be
325 the issuers certificate. In OpenSSL 0.9.6 and later all certificates
326 whose subject name matches the issuer name of the current certificate are
327 subject to further tests. The relevant authority key identifier components
328 of the current certificate (if present) must match the subject key identifier
329 (if present) and issuer and serial number of the candidate issuer, in addition
330 the keyUsage extension of the candidate issuer (if present) must permit
333 The lookup first looks in the list of untrusted certificates and if no match
334 is found the remaining lookups are from the trusted certificates. The root \s-1CA\s0
335 is always looked up in the trusted certificate list: if the certificate to
336 verify is a root certificate then an exact match must be found in the trusted
339 The second operation is to check every untrusted certificate's extensions for
340 consistency with the supplied purpose. If the \fB\-purpose\fR option is not included
341 then no checks are done. The supplied or \*(L"leaf\*(R" certificate must have extensions
342 compatible with the supplied purpose and all other certificates must also be valid
343 \&\s-1CA\s0 certificates. The precise extensions required are described in more detail in
344 the \fB\s-1CERTIFICATE EXTENSIONS\s0\fR section of the \fBx509\fR utility.
346 The third operation is to check the trust settings on the root \s-1CA.\s0 The root
347 \&\s-1CA\s0 should be trusted for the supplied purpose. For compatibility with previous
348 versions of SSLeay and OpenSSL a certificate with no trust settings is considered
349 to be valid for all purposes.
351 The final operation is to check the validity of the certificate chain. The validity
352 period is checked against the current system time and the notBefore and notAfter
353 dates in the certificate. The certificate signatures are also checked at this
356 If all operations complete successfully then certificate is considered valid. If
357 any operation fails then the certificate is not valid.
359 .IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS"
360 When a verify operation fails the output messages can be somewhat cryptic. The
361 general form of the error message is:
364 \& server.pem: /C=AU/ST=Queensland/O=CryptSoft Pty Ltd/CN=Test CA (1024 bit)
365 \& error 24 at 1 depth lookup:invalid CA certificate
368 The first line contains the name of the certificate being verified followed by
369 the subject name of the certificate. The second line contains the error number
370 and the depth. The depth is number of the certificate being verified when a
371 problem was detected starting with zero for the certificate being verified itself
372 then 1 for the \s-1CA\s0 that signed the certificate and so on. Finally a text version
373 of the error number is presented.
375 An exhaustive list of the error codes and messages is shown below, this also
376 includes the name of the error code as defined in the header file x509_vfy.h
377 Some of the error codes are defined but never returned: these are described
379 .IP "\fB0 X509_V_OK: ok\fR" 4
380 .IX Item "0 X509_V_OK: ok"
381 the operation was successful.
382 .IP "\fB2 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate\fR" 4
383 .IX Item "2 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT: unable to get issuer certificate"
384 the issuer certificate of a looked up certificate could not be found. This
385 normally means the list of trusted certificates is not complete.
386 .IP "\fB3 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate \s-1CRL\s0\fR" 4
387 .IX Item "3 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL: unable to get certificate CRL"
388 the \s-1CRL\s0 of a certificate could not be found.
389 .IP "\fB4 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature\fR" 4
390 .IX Item "4 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CERT_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt certificate's signature"
391 the certificate signature could not be decrypted. This means that the actual signature value
392 could not be determined rather than it not matching the expected value, this is only
393 meaningful for \s-1RSA\s0 keys.
394 .IP "\fB5 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt \s-1CRL\s0's signature\fR" 4
395 .IX Item "5 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECRYPT_CRL_SIGNATURE: unable to decrypt CRL's signature"
396 the \s-1CRL\s0 signature could not be decrypted: this means that the actual signature value
397 could not be determined rather than it not matching the expected value. Unused.
398 .IP "\fB6 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key\fR" 4
399 .IX Item "6 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_DECODE_ISSUER_PUBLIC_KEY: unable to decode issuer public key"
400 the public key in the certificate SubjectPublicKeyInfo could not be read.
401 .IP "\fB7 X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure\fR" 4
402 .IX Item "7 X509_V_ERR_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: certificate signature failure"
403 the signature of the certificate is invalid.
404 .IP "\fB8 X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: \s-1CRL\s0 signature failure\fR" 4
405 .IX Item "8 X509_V_ERR_CRL_SIGNATURE_FAILURE: CRL signature failure"
406 the signature of the certificate is invalid.
407 .IP "\fB9 X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid\fR" 4
408 .IX Item "9 X509_V_ERR_CERT_NOT_YET_VALID: certificate is not yet valid"
409 the certificate is not yet valid: the notBefore date is after the current time.
410 .IP "\fB10 X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired\fR" 4
411 .IX Item "10 X509_V_ERR_CERT_HAS_EXPIRED: certificate has expired"
412 the certificate has expired: that is the notAfter date is before the current time.
413 .IP "\fB11 X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: \s-1CRL\s0 is not yet valid\fR" 4
414 .IX Item "11 X509_V_ERR_CRL_NOT_YET_VALID: CRL is not yet valid"
415 the \s-1CRL\s0 is not yet valid.
416 .IP "\fB12 X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: \s-1CRL\s0 has expired\fR" 4
417 .IX Item "12 X509_V_ERR_CRL_HAS_EXPIRED: CRL has expired"
418 the \s-1CRL\s0 has expired.
419 .IP "\fB13 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field\fR" 4
420 .IX Item "13 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_BEFORE_FIELD: format error in certificate's notBefore field"
421 the certificate notBefore field contains an invalid time.
422 .IP "\fB14 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field\fR" 4
423 .IX Item "14 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CERT_NOT_AFTER_FIELD: format error in certificate's notAfter field"
424 the certificate notAfter field contains an invalid time.
425 .IP "\fB15 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in \s-1CRL\s0's lastUpdate field\fR" 4
426 .IX Item "15 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_LAST_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's lastUpdate field"
427 the \s-1CRL\s0 lastUpdate field contains an invalid time.
428 .IP "\fB16 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in \s-1CRL\s0's nextUpdate field\fR" 4
429 .IX Item "16 X509_V_ERR_ERROR_IN_CRL_NEXT_UPDATE_FIELD: format error in CRL's nextUpdate field"
430 the \s-1CRL\s0 nextUpdate field contains an invalid time.
431 .IP "\fB17 X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory\fR" 4
432 .IX Item "17 X509_V_ERR_OUT_OF_MEM: out of memory"
433 an error occurred trying to allocate memory. This should never happen.
434 .IP "\fB18 X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate\fR" 4
435 .IX Item "18 X509_V_ERR_DEPTH_ZERO_SELF_SIGNED_CERT: self signed certificate"
436 the passed certificate is self signed and the same certificate cannot be found in the list of
437 trusted certificates.
438 .IP "\fB19 X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain\fR" 4
439 .IX Item "19 X509_V_ERR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT_IN_CHAIN: self signed certificate in certificate chain"
440 the certificate chain could be built up using the untrusted certificates but the root could not
442 .IP "\fB20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate\fR" 4
443 .IX Item "20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate"
444 the issuer certificate could not be found: this occurs if the issuer
445 certificate of an untrusted certificate cannot be found.
446 .IP "\fB21 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate\fR" 4
447 .IX Item "21 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE: unable to verify the first certificate"
448 no signatures could be verified because the chain contains only one certificate and it is not
450 .IP "\fB22 X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long\fR" 4
451 .IX Item "22 X509_V_ERR_CERT_CHAIN_TOO_LONG: certificate chain too long"
452 the certificate chain length is greater than the supplied maximum depth. Unused.
453 .IP "\fB23 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked\fR" 4
454 .IX Item "23 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REVOKED: certificate revoked"
455 the certificate has been revoked.
456 .IP "\fB24 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid \s-1CA\s0 certificate\fR" 4
457 .IX Item "24 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_CA: invalid CA certificate"
458 a \s-1CA\s0 certificate is invalid. Either it is not a \s-1CA\s0 or its extensions are not consistent
459 with the supplied purpose.
460 .IP "\fB25 X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded\fR" 4
461 .IX Item "25 X509_V_ERR_PATH_LENGTH_EXCEEDED: path length constraint exceeded"
462 the basicConstraints pathlength parameter has been exceeded.
463 .IP "\fB26 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose\fR" 4
464 .IX Item "26 X509_V_ERR_INVALID_PURPOSE: unsupported certificate purpose"
465 the supplied certificate cannot be used for the specified purpose.
466 .IP "\fB27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted\fR" 4
467 .IX Item "27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted"
468 the root \s-1CA\s0 is not marked as trusted for the specified purpose.
469 .IP "\fB28 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected\fR" 4
470 .IX Item "28 X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED: certificate rejected"
471 the root \s-1CA\s0 is marked to reject the specified purpose.
472 .IP "\fB29 X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch\fR" 4
473 .IX Item "29 X509_V_ERR_SUBJECT_ISSUER_MISMATCH: subject issuer mismatch"
474 the current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its subject name
475 did not match the issuer name of the current certificate. Only displayed when
476 the \fB\-issuer_checks\fR option is set.
477 .IP "\fB30 X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch\fR" 4
478 .IX Item "30 X509_V_ERR_AKID_SKID_MISMATCH: authority and subject key identifier mismatch"
479 the current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its subject key
480 identifier was present and did not match the authority key identifier current
481 certificate. Only displayed when the \fB\-issuer_checks\fR option is set.
482 .IP "\fB31 X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch\fR" 4
483 .IX Item "31 X509_V_ERR_AKID_ISSUER_SERIAL_MISMATCH: authority and issuer serial number mismatch"
484 the current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its issuer name
485 and serial number was present and did not match the authority key identifier
486 of the current certificate. Only displayed when the \fB\-issuer_checks\fR option is set.
487 .IP "\fB32 X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing\fR" 4
488 .IX Item "32 X509_V_ERR_KEYUSAGE_NO_CERTSIGN:key usage does not include certificate signing"
489 the current candidate issuer certificate was rejected because its keyUsage extension
490 does not permit certificate signing.
491 .IP "\fB50 X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure\fR" 4
492 .IX Item "50 X509_V_ERR_APPLICATION_VERIFICATION: application verification failure"
493 an application specific error. Unused.
496 Although the issuer checks are a considerable improvement over the old technique they still
497 suffer from limitations in the underlying X509_LOOKUP \s-1API.\s0 One consequence of this is that
498 trusted certificates with matching subject name must either appear in a file (as specified by the
499 \&\fB\-CAfile\fR option) or a directory (as specified by \fB\-CApath\fR. If they occur in both then only
500 the certificates in the file will be recognised.
502 Previous versions of OpenSSL assume certificates with matching subject name are identical and
505 Previous versions of this documentation swapped the meaning of the
506 \&\fBX509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT\fR and
507 \&\fB20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY\fR error codes.
509 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
513 The \-no_alt_chains options was first added to OpenSSL 1.0.2b.
projects / FreeBSD / FreeBSD.git / blob