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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width "/stand/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 block and character device files
51 .Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
53 script for creating device files;
57 file descriptor files;
62 system configuration files and scripts
64 .Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact
66 default system configuration files;
70 gnats configuration files;
74 isdn4bsd configuration files;
78 configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
82 local timezone information;
86 spam-filtering information
88 mtree configuration files;
92 named configuration files;
96 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
102 ppp configuration files;
106 uucp configuration files;
111 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
114 loadable kernel modules;
118 empty directory commonly used by
119 system administrators as a temporary mount point
126 root's HOME directory
128 system programs and administration utilities
129 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
131 programs used in a standalone environment
133 temporary files, usually a
135 memory-based filesystem (the contents
136 of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
138 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
140 .Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
142 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
144 useful and semi-frivolous programs
146 standard C include files
148 .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
150 C include files for Internet service protocols
152 GNU C++ include files
153 .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
155 GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
158 .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
163 C include files for kerberos authentication package;
167 machine specific C include files
171 misc network C include files
179 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
183 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
185 kernel key-management service
189 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
191 Objective C include files
195 POSIX real-time extensions includes;
199 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
201 get a line from a user with editing;
205 remote procedure calls;
209 defintion of RPC service structures; see
217 library, part of Kerberos IV.
219 system C include files (kernel data structures)
224 .\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
231 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
232 .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
250 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
252 shared libraries for compatibility
253 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
255 a.out backward compatibility libraries
260 misc. utility data files
261 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
265 various prebuilt lint libraries;
269 Chatacter set conversion tables
271 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
273 contains Perl modules for Perl version 5.00503;
278 holding the download firmware images
286 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
287 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
289 utilities to manipulate a.out executables.
291 utilities to manipulate ELF executables.
293 utilities and filters for LP print system;
297 restricted shell for sendmail;
307 local executables, libraries, etc.
309 Also used as the default destination for the
312 Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
315 should be used. Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/
316 rather than under local/share/. Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/
322 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
326 ports collection (optional).
328 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
330 architecture-independent files
332 .Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
334 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
342 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
346 words from Webster's 2nd International
359 src for most of the printed
365 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
367 Frequently Asked Questions
374 UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
376 UNIX System Manager's Manual
378 UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
382 various examples for users and programmers
384 ASCII text files used by various games
386 device description file for device name
388 GNU Info hypertext system
392 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
394 internationalization files;
400 macros for use with the me macro package
402 misc system-wide ASCII text files
403 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
411 package manager help files;
415 terminal characteristics database;
424 national language support files;
428 pcvt documentation and etc examples;
436 example . (dot) files for new accounts
441 .Bl -tag -width "scrnmaps/xx" -compact
449 console keyboard maps;
458 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
463 text processing macros;
469 localization support and utilities for
472 timezone configuration information;
477 BSD and/or local source files
479 .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
481 src for files in /bin
483 src for file from contributed software
487 src for files in /etc
489 src for files in /usr/games
491 Utilities covered by the GNU Public License
493 src for files in /usr/include
495 src for kerberos version IV
497 src for files in /usr/lib
499 src for files in /usr/libexec
501 files required to produce a
505 src for files in /sbin
509 src for files in /usr/share
513 tools used for maintaince and testing of FreeBSD
515 src for files in /usr/bin
517 src for files in /usr/sbin
521 X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
522 .Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
524 X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
526 X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
534 architecture independant files.
538 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
540 .Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
542 system accounting files
544 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
546 execution accounting file;
552 timed command scheduling files;
555 .Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
557 directory containing job files
559 directory containing output spool files
565 default drectory to store kernel crash dumps; see
570 .Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
582 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
584 misc. game status and score files
586 misc. system log files
588 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
598 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
603 system messages database;
607 filesystem quota information files
609 system information files describing various info about
610 system since it was booted
612 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
614 database of current users;
627 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
629 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
631 commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
633 undelivered mail queue;
637 line printer spooling directories
639 secretmail spool directory;
645 commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory
649 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
650 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
652 the directory where recovery files are stored
671 manual page appeared in