share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD                2.79BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                -NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |               /    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0 <-----'  NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |         |         | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |         v         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116  |     FreeBSD 2.2.9 | |     |    |            |             |
 117  |                   | |     |    |            |             |
 118 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 119  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 120  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 121  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 122  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 127  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 128  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 130 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 131  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 134  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 137  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 140  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 141  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 142  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 143  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 144  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 145  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 146  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 148  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 149  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 150  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 151  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 152  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 154  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 156  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 158  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 160  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 161  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 162  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 163  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 164  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 165  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 168  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 169  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 170  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 174  |                 |  |      |                 |
 175  |                  `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 176  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 177 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 178  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 179 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                DragonFly 1.0
 180  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 181  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 182  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 183 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 184  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 185  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 186  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 187  *-------FreeBSD 5.3  |      |                 |                       |
 188  |           |        |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 189  |           |        |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 190  |           |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.2.0
 191  |           |     Mac OS X  | | NetBSD 2.0.2  |                       |
 192  |           |       10.4    | |  |            |                       |
 193  |       FreeBSD 5.4  |      | |  |            |                       |
 194  |           |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 195  |           |        |      | | NetBSD 2.0.3  |                       |
 196  |           |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 197  *--FreeBSD  |        |      | |  v        OpenBSD 3.8                 |
 198  |    6.0    |        |      | |               |                       |
 199  |     |     |        |      |  \              |                       |
 200  |     |     |        |      | NetBSD 2.1      |                       |
 201  |     |     |        |      |                 |                       |
 202  |     |     |        |   NetBSD 3.0           |                       |
 203  |     |     |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.4.0
 204  |     |     |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.9                 |
 205  |  FreeBSD  |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 206  |    6.1    |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 207  |     |  FreeBSD 5.5 |      | |  |            |                       |
 208  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.1  |               DragonFly 1.6.0
 209  |     |              |      | |  |            |                       |
 210  |     |              |      | |  |        OpenBSD 4.0                 |
 211  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.2  |                       |
 212  |     |              |      | NetBSD 3.1      |                       |
 213  | FreeBSD 6.2        |      |                 |                       |
 214  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.8.0
 215  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.1                 |
 216  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.10.0
 217  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 218  |     |             10.5    |                 |                       |
 219  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.2                 |
 220  |     |              |   NetBSD 4.0           |                       |
 221  | FreeBSD 6.3        |      |    |            |                       |
 222  |            \       |      |    |            |                       |
 223  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    |            |               DragonFly 1.12.0
 224  |    7.0      |      |      |    |            |                       |
 225  |     |       |      |      |    |        OpenBSD 4.3                 |
 226  |     |       |      |      | NetBSD          |               DragonFly 2.0.0
 227  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |  4.0.1      OpenBSD 4.4                 |
 228  |     |      6.4     |      |                 |                       |
 229  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 230  |  FreeBSD 7.1       |      |                 |                       |
 231  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 2.2.0
 232  |  FreeBSD 7.2       |   NetBSD 5.0       OpenBSD 4.5                 |
 233  |             \      |      | |    \          |                       |
 234  |              |  Mac OS X  | |     \         |                       |
 235  |              |    10.6    | |      \        |                       |
 236  |              |     |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 2.4.0
 237  |              |     |      | |    5.0.1  OpenBSD 4.6                 |
 238  |              |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 239  *--FreeBSD     |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 240  |    8.0       |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 241  |     |     FreeBSD  |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 242  |     |       7.3    |      | |    5.0.2      |               DragonFly 2.6.0
 243  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.7                 |
 244  |  FreeBSD     |     |      | |               |                       |
 245  |    8.1       |     |      | |               |                       |
 246  |     |        |     |      | |               |               DragonFly 2.8.2
 247  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.8                 |
 248  |     |        |     |      | *--NetBSD       |                       |
 249  |  FreeBSD  FreeBSD  |      | |    5.1        |                       |
 250  |    8.2      7.4    |      | |      |        |               DragonFly 2.10.1
 251  |     |              |      | |      |    OpenBSD 4.9                 |
 252  |     `-----.     Mac OS X  | |      |        |                       |
 253  |            \      10.7    | |      |        |                       |
 254  |             |      |      | |      |    OpenBSD 5.0                 |
 255  *--FreeBSD    |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 256  |    9.0      |      |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 3.0.1
 257  |     |    FreeBSD   |      | |    5.1.2      |                       |
 258  |     |      8.3     |      | |      |        |                       |
 259  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 260  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.3      |                       |
 261  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 262  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 263  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.4      |                       |
 264  |     |       |      |      | |           OpenBSD 5.1                 |
 265  |     |       |   Mac OS X  | `----.          |                       |
 266  |     |       |     10.8    |       \         |                       |
 267  |     |       |      |   NetBSD 6.0  |        |                       |
 268  |     |       |      |      | | |    |    OpenBSD 5.2         DragonFly 3.2.1
 269  |  FreeBSD    |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 270  |    9.1      |      |      | | |   5.2       |                       |
 271  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 272  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 273  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.1      |                       |
 274  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 275  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 276  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.2      |                       |
 277  |     |       |      |      | | |             |                       |
 278  |     |       |      |      | |  \            |                       |
 279  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 280  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.1      |                       |
 281  |     |       |      |      | |      |   OpenBSD 5.3          DragonFly 3.4.1
 282  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 283  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.2      |                       |
 284  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 285  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 286  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.3      |                       |
 287  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 288  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 289  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.4      |                       |
 290  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 291  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 292  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.5      |                       |
 293  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 294  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 295  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.6      |                       |
 296  |     |       |      |      | |               |                       |
 297  |     |       |      |      | |`-NetBSD 6.1   |                       |
 298  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 299  |     |      8.4     |      |    NetBSD 6.1.1 |                       |
 300  |     |              |      |       |         |                       |
 301  |  FreeBSD           |      |    NetBSD 6.1.2 |                       |
 302  |    9.2          Mac OS X  |       |         |                       |
 303  |     |             10.9    |       |    OpenBSD 5.4                  |
 304  |     `-----.        |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.0
 305  |            \       |      |       |         |                       |
 306  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.3 |                       |
 307  |   10.0      |      |      |       |         |                       |
 308  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.1
 309  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 310  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 311  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.2
 312  |     |       |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.4 |                       |
 313  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 314  |     |       |      |      |       |    OpenBSD 5.5                  |
 315  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 316  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.0
 317  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 318  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 319  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.1
 320  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 321  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 322  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.3
 323  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 324  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 325  |     |      9.3     |      |       |         |                       |
 326  |     |              |      |    NetBSD 6.1.5 |               DragonFly 3.8.2
 327  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 328  |     |             10.10   |                 |                       |
 329  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.6                  |
 330  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 331  |   10.1             |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.1
 332  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 333  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.2
 334  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 335  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.3
 336  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 337  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.4
 338  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 339  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.5
 340  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 341  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.7                  |
 342  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.2.0
 343  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 344  |   10.2             |      |                 |                       |
 345  |     |            macOS  NetBSD 7.0          |                       |
 346  |     |            10.11   | | |         OpenBSD 5.8                  |
 347  |     |              |     | | `--.           |               DragonFly 4.4.1
 348  |  FreeBSD           |     | |    |      OpenBSD 5.9                  |
 349  |   10.3             |     | |    |           |                       |
 350  |     |              |     | | NetBSD 7.0.1   |                       |
 351  |     `------.       |     | |    |           |               DragonFly 4.6.0
 352  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 353  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 354  *--FreeBSD   |     macOS   | |    |      OpenBSD 6.0                  |
 355  |   11.0     |     10.12   | | NetBSD 7.0.2   |                       |
 356  |     |      |       |     | |                |                       |
 357  |     |      |       |     | *- NetBSD 7.1    |                       |
 358  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 359  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 360  |     |      |     macOS   |      |           |               DragonFly 4.8.0
 361  |     |      |     10.13   |      |      OpenBSD 6.1                  |
 362  |  FreeBSD   |       |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.0.0
 363  |   11.1  FreeBSD    |     |      |           |                       |
 364  |     |    10.4      |     |      |      OpenBSD 6.2          DragonFly 5.0.1
 365  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 366  |     |              |     |  NetBSD 7.1.1    |               DragonFly 5.0.2
 367  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 368  |     |              |     |  NetBSD 7.1.2    |                       |
 369  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 370  |     |              |     |      v           |                       |
 371  |     v              |     |                  |                       |
 372  |                    |     |                  |                       |
 373 FreeBSD 12 -current   | NetBSD -current   OpenBSD -current    DragonFly -current
 374  |                    |     |                  |                       |
 375  v                    v     v                  v                       v
 376
 377 Time
 378 ----------------
 379
 380 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 381 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 382
 383 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 384         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 385         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 386 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 387 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 388 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 389 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 390 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 391 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 392         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 393 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 394         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 395 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 396         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 397         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 398 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 399 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 400 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 401 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 402 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society.  http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
 403 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 404 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 405 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 406
 407 Multics                 1965
 408 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 409                                 DEC PDP-7
 410 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 411                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 412 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 413                                 10 UNIX installations
 414 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 415                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 416 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 417                                 rewriting in C effected,
 418                                 above 30 installations
 419 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 420                                 above 50 installations
 421 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 422                                 port to DEC Vax
 423 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS]
 424                                 first portable UNIX
 425 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 426                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 427                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 428                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 429                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 430                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 431
 432 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 433 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 434
 435 1BSD                    late 1977
 436                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 437                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 438                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 439                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 440 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS]
 441                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 442 2.79BSD                 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
 443 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 444
 445 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 446                                 set of performance improvements
 447 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 448 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx [TUHS]
 449 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 450 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 451 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 452 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 453 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 454
 455 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS]
 456 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS]
 457                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 458                                 demand paging
 459 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 460 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 461 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 462                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 463 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 464 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 465                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 466 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 467                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 468 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 469                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 470 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 471 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 472                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 473 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 474 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 475
 476 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 477                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 478 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 479 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 480 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 481 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 482 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 483 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 484                                 first external gamma; G customers
 485 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 486                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 487                                 for preliminary injunction
 488 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 489                                 injunction denied; first official release
 490 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 491 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 492 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 493 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 494 FreeBSD 1.0.2           1993-11-14 [FBD]
 495                                 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
 496 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 497 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 498 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 499 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 500 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 501                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 502 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 503 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 504 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 505 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 506 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 507 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 508 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 509                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 510 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 511 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 512 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 513 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 514 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 515 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 516 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 517 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 518 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 519 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 520 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 521 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 522 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 523 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 524 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 525 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 526 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 527 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 528 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 529 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 530 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 531 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 532 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 533 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 534 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 535 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 536                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 537 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 538                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 539                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 540                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 541 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 542 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 543 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 544 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 545 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 546 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 547 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 548 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 549 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 550 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 551 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 552 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 553 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 554 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 555 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 556 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 557 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 558 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 559 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 560 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 561 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 562 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 563 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 564 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 565 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 566 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 567 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 568 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 569 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 570 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 571 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 572 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 573 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 574 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 575 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 576 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 577 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 578 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 579 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 580 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 581 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 582 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 583 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 584 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 585                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 586                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 587 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 588 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 589 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 590 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 591 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 592 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 593 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 594 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 595 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 596 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 597 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 598 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 599 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 600 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 601 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 602 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 603 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 604 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 605 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 606 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 607 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 608 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 609 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 610 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 611 NetBSD 2.0.3            2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 612 OpenBSD 3.8             2005-11-01 [OBD]
 613 FreeBSD 6.0             2005-11-01 [FBD]
 614 NetBSD 2.1              2005-11-02 [NBD]
 615 NetBSD 3.0              2005-12-23 [NBD]
 616 DragonFly 1.4.0         2006-01-08 [DFB]
 617 FreeBSD 2.2.9           2006-04-01 [FBD]
 618 OpenBSD 3.9             2006-05-01 [OBD]
 619 FreeBSD 6.1             2006-05-08 [FBD]
 620 FreeBSD 5.5             2006-05-25 [FBD]
 621 NetBSD 3.0.1            2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 622 DragonFly 1.6.0         2006-07-24 [DFB]
 623 OpenBSD 4.0             2006-11-01 [OBD]
 624 NetBSD 3.0.2            2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 625 NetBSD 3.1              2006-11-04 [NBD]
 626 FreeBSD 6.2             2007-01-15 [FBD]
 627 DragonFly 1.8.0         2007-01-30 [DFB]
 628 OpenBSD 4.1             2007-05-01 [OBD]
 629 DragonFly 1.10.0        2007-08-06 [DFB]
 630 Mac OS X 10.5           2007-10-26 [APL]
 631 OpenBSD 4.2             2007-11-01 [OBD]
 632 NetBSD 4.0              2007-12-19 [NBD]
 633 FreeBSD 6.3             2008-01-18 [FBD]
 634 DragonFly 1.12.0        2008-02-26 [DFB]
 635 FreeBSD 7.0             2008-02-27 [FBD]
 636 OpenBSD 4.3             2008-05-01 [OBD]
 637 DragonFly 2.0.0         2008-07-21 [DFB]
 638 OpenBSD 4.4             2008-11-01 [OBD]
 639 FreeBSD 6.4             2008-11-28 [FBD]
 640 FreeBSD 7.1             2009-01-04 [FBD]
 641 DragonFly 2.2.0         2009-02-17 [DFB]
 642 NetBSD 5.0              2009-04-29 [NBD]
 643 OpenBSD 4.5             2009-05-01 [OBD]
 644 FreeBSD 7.2             2009-05-04 [FBD]
 645 Mac OS X 10.6           2009-06-08 [APL]
 646 NetBSD 5.0.1            2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 647 DragonFly 2.4.0         2009-09-16 [DFB]
 648 OpenBSD 4.6             2009-10-18 [OBD]
 649 FreeBSD 8.0             2009-11-26 [FBD]
 650 NetBSD 5.0.2            2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 651 FreeBSD 7.3             2010-03-23 [FBD]
 652 DragonFly 2.6.0         2010-03-28 [DFB]
 653 OpenBSD 4.7             2010-05-19 [OBD]
 654 FreeBSD 8.1             2010-07-24 [FBD]
 655 DragonFly 2.8.2         2010-10-30 [DFB]
 656 OpenBSD 4.8             2010-11-01 [OBD]
 657 NetBSD 5.1              2010-11-19 [NBD]
 658 FreeBSD 7.4             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 659 FreeBSD 8.2             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 660 DragonFly 2.10.1        2011-04-26 [DFB]
 661 OpenBSD 4.9             2011-05-01 [OBD]
 662 Mac OS X 10.7           2011-07-20 [APL]
 663 OpenBSD 5.0             2011-11-01 [OBD]
 664 FreeBSD 9.0             2012-01-12 [FBD]
 665 NetBSD 5.1.2            2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 666 DragonFly 3.0.1         2012-02-21 [DFB]
 667 FreeBSD 8.3             2012-04-18 [FBD]
 668 OpenBSD 5.1             2012-05-01 [OBD]
 669 Mac OS X 10.8           2012-07-25 [APL]
 670 NetBSD 6.0              2012-10-17 [NBD]
 671 OpenBSD 5.2             2012-11-01 [OBD]
 672 DragonFly 3.2.1         2012-11-02 [DFB]
 673 NetBSD 5.2              2012-12-03 [NBD]
 674 NetBSD 6.0.1            2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 675 FreeBSD 9.1             2012-12-30 [FBD]
 676 DragonFly 3.4.1         2013-04-29 [DFB]
 677 OpenBSD 5.3             2013-05-01 [OBD]
 678 NetBSD 6.0.2            2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 679 NetBSD 6.1              2013-05-18 [NBD]
 680 FreeBSD 8.4             2013-06-07 [FBD]
 681 NetBSD 6.1.1            2013-08-22 [NBD]
 682 NetBSD 5.1.3            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 683 NetBSD 5.2.1            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 684 FreeBSD 9.2             2013-09-30 [FBD]
 685 NetBSD 6.0.3            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 686 NetBSD 6.1.2            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 687 Mac OS X 10.9           2013-10-22 [APL]
 688 OpenBSD 5.4             2013-11-01 [OBD]
 689 DragonFly 3.6.0         2013-11-25 [DFB]
 690 FreeBSD 10.0            2014-01-20 [FBD]
 691 NetBSD 5.1.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 692 NetBSD 5.2.2            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 693 NetBSD 6.0.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 694 NetBSD 6.1.3            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 695 DragonFly 3.6.1         2014-02-22 [DFB]
 696 DragonFly 3.6.2         2014-04-10 [DFB]
 697 NetBSD 6.0.5            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 698 NetBSD 6.1.4            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 699 OpenBSD 5.5             2014-05-01 [OBD]
 700 DragonFly 3.8.0         2014-06-04 [DFB]
 701 DragonFly 3.8.1         2014-06-16 [DFB]
 702 DragonFly 3.6.3         2014-06-17 [DFB]
 703 FreeBSD 9.3             2014-07-05 [FBD]
 704 DragonFly 3.8.2         2014-08-08 [DFB]
 705 NetBSD 6.0.6            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 706 NetBSD 6.1.5            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 707 Mac OS X 10.10          2014-10-16 [APL]
 708 OpenBSD 5.6             2014-11-01 [OBD]
 709 FreeBSD 10.1            2014-11-14 [FBD]
 710 DragonFly 4.0.1         2014-11-25 [DFB]
 711 DragonFly 4.0.2         2015-01-07 [DFB]
 712 DragonFly 4.0.3         2015-01-21 [DFB]
 713 DragonFly 4.0.4         2015-03-09 [DFB]
 714 DragonFly 4.0.5         2015-03-23 [DFB]
 715 OpenBSD 5.7             2015-05-01 [OBD]
 716 DragonFly 4.2.0         2015-06-29 [DFB]
 717 FreeBSD 10.2            2015-08-13 [FBD]
 718 NetBSD 7.0              2015-09-25 [NBD]
 719 OS X 10.11              2015-09-30 [APL]
 720 OpenBSD 5.8             2015-10-18 [OBD]
 721 DragonFly 4.4.1         2015-12-07 [DFB]
 722 OpenBSD 5.9             2016-03-29 [OBD]
 723 FreeBSD 10.3            2016-04-04 [FBD]
 724 NetBSD 7.0.1            2016-05-22 [NBD]
 725 DragonFly 4.6.0         2016-08-02 [DFB]
 726 OpenBSD 6.0             2016-09-01 [OBD]
 727 macOS 10.12             2016-09-20 [APL]
 728 FreeBSD 11.0            2016-10-10 [FBD]
 729 NetBSD 7.0.2            2016-10-21 [NBD]
 730 NetBSD 7.1              2017-03-11 [NBD]
 731 DragonFly 4.8.0         2017-03-27 [DFB]
 732 OpenBSD 6.1             2017-04-11 [OBD]
 733 FreeBSD 11.1            2017-07-26 [FBD]
 734 macOS 10.13             2017-09-25 [APL]
 735 FreeBSD 10.4            2017-10-03 [FBD]
 736 OpenBSD 6.2             2017-10-09 [OBD]
 737 DragonFly 5.0.0         2017-10-16 [DFB]
 738 DragonFly 5.0.1         2017-11-06 [DFB]
 739 DragonFly 5.0.2         2017-12-04 [DFB]
 740 NetBSD 7.1.1            2017-12-22 [NBD]
 741 NetBSD 7.1.2            2018-03-15 [NBD]
 742
 743 Bibliography
 744 ------------------------
 745
 746 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 747 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 748 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 749
 750 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 751 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 752
 753 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 754 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 755 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 756
 757 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 758 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 759 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 760
 761 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The
 762 Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition.
 763 Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2
 764
 765 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 766
 767 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 768 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 769 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 770
 771 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 772 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 773
 774 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 775 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 776
 777 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 778 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
 779
 780 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 781 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 782
 783 UNIX history graphing project
 784 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 785
 786 UNIX history
 787 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 788
 789 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 790 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 791 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 792
 793
 794 Acknowledgments
 795 ---------------
 796
 797 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 798 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 799
 800 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 801
 802 --
 803 Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 804 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 805
 806 $FreeBSD$