share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD                2.79BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                -NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |               /    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0 <-----'  NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |         |         | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |         v         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116  |     FreeBSD 2.2.9 | |     |    |            |             |
 117  |                   | |     |    |            |             |
 118 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 119  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 120  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 121  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 122  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 127  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 128  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 130 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 131  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 134  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 137  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 140  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 141  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 142  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 143  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 144  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 145  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 146  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 148  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 149  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 150  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 151  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 152  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 154  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 156  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 158  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 160  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 161  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 162  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 163  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 164  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 165  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 168  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 169  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 170  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 174  |                 |  |      |                 |
 175  |                  `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 176  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 177 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 178  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 179 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                DragonFly 1.0
 180  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 181  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 182  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 183 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 184  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 185  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 186  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 187  *-------FreeBSD 5.3  |      |                 |                       |
 188  |           |        |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 189  |           |        |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 190  |           |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.2.0
 191  |           |     Mac OS X  | | NetBSD 2.0.2  |                       |
 192  |           |       10.4    | |  |            |                       |
 193  |       FreeBSD 5.4  |      | |  |            |                       |
 194  |           |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 195  |           |        |      | | NetBSD 2.0.3  |                       |
 196  |           |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 197  *--FreeBSD  |        |      | |  v        OpenBSD 3.8                 |
 198  |    6.0    |        |      | |               |                       |
 199  |     |     |        |      |  \              |                       |
 200  |     |     |        |      | NetBSD 2.1      |                       |
 201  |     |     |        |      |                 |                       |
 202  |     |     |        |   NetBSD 3.0           |                       |
 203  |     |     |        |      | |  |            |               DragonFly 1.4.0
 204  |     |     |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.9                 |
 205  |  FreeBSD  |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 206  |    6.1    |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 207  |     |  FreeBSD 5.5 |      | |  |            |                       |
 208  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.1  |               DragonFly 1.6.0
 209  |     |              |      | |  |            |                       |
 210  |     |              |      | |  |        OpenBSD 4.0                 |
 211  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.2  |                       |
 212  |     |              |      | NetBSD 3.1      |                       |
 213  | FreeBSD 6.2        |      |                 |                       |
 214  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.8.0
 215  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.1                 |
 216  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 1.10.0
 217  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 218  |     |             10.5    |                 |                       |
 219  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.2                 |
 220  |     |              |   NetBSD 4.0           |                       |
 221  | FreeBSD 6.3        |      |    |            |                       |
 222  |            \       |      |    |            |                       |
 223  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    |            |               DragonFly 1.12.0
 224  |    7.0      |      |      |    |            |                       |
 225  |     |       |      |      |    |        OpenBSD 4.3                 |
 226  |     |       |      |      | NetBSD          |               DragonFly 2.0.0
 227  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |  4.0.1      OpenBSD 4.4                 |
 228  |     |      6.4     |      |                 |                       |
 229  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 230  |  FreeBSD 7.1       |      |                 |                       |
 231  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 2.2.0
 232  |  FreeBSD 7.2       |   NetBSD 5.0       OpenBSD 4.5                 |
 233  |             \      |      | |    \          |                       |
 234  |              |  Mac OS X  | |     \         |                       |
 235  |              |    10.6    | |      \        |                       |
 236  |              |     |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 2.4.0
 237  |              |     |      | |    5.0.1  OpenBSD 4.6                 |
 238  |              |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 239  *--FreeBSD     |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 240  |    8.0       |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 241  |     |     FreeBSD  |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 242  |     |       7.3    |      | |    5.0.2      |               DragonFly 2.6.0
 243  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.7                 |
 244  |  FreeBSD     |     |      | |               |                       |
 245  |    8.1       |     |      | |               |                       |
 246  |     |        |     |      | |               |               DragonFly 2.8.2
 247  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.8                 |
 248  |     |        |     |      | *--NetBSD       |                       |
 249  |  FreeBSD  FreeBSD  |      | |    5.1        |                       |
 250  |    8.2      7.4    |      | |      |        |               DragonFly 2.10.1
 251  |     |              |      | |      |    OpenBSD 4.9                 |
 252  |     `-----.     Mac OS X  | |      |        |                       |
 253  |            \      10.7    | |      |        |                       |
 254  |             |      |      | |      |    OpenBSD 5.0                 |
 255  *--FreeBSD    |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 256  |    9.0      |      |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 3.0.1
 257  |     |    FreeBSD   |      | |    5.1.2      |                       |
 258  |     |      8.3     |      | |      |        |                       |
 259  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 260  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.3      |                       |
 261  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 262  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 263  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.4      |                       |
 264  |     |       |      |      | |           OpenBSD 5.1                 |
 265  |     |       |   Mac OS X  | `----.          |                       |
 266  |     |       |     10.8    |       \         |                       |
 267  |     |       |      |   NetBSD 6.0  |        |                       |
 268  |     |       |      |      | | |    |    OpenBSD 5.2         DragonFly 3.2.1
 269  |  FreeBSD    |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 270  |    9.1      |      |      | | |   5.2       |                       |
 271  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 272  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 273  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.1      |                       |
 274  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 275  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 276  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.2      |                       |
 277  |     |       |      |      | | |             |                       |
 278  |     |       |      |      | |  \            |                       |
 279  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 280  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.1      |                       |
 281  |     |       |      |      | |      |   OpenBSD 5.3          DragonFly 3.4.1
 282  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 283  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.2      |                       |
 284  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 285  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 286  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.3      |                       |
 287  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 288  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 289  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.4      |                       |
 290  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 291  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 292  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.5      |                       |
 293  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 294  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 295  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.6      |                       |
 296  |     |       |      |      | |               |                       |
 297  |     |       |      |      | |`-NetBSD 6.1   |                       |
 298  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 299  |     |      8.4     |      |    NetBSD 6.1.1 |                       |
 300  |     |              |      |       |         |                       |
 301  |  FreeBSD           |      |    NetBSD 6.1.2 |                       |
 302  |    9.2          Mac OS X  |       |         |                       |
 303  |     |             10.9    |       |    OpenBSD 5.4                  |
 304  |     `-----.        |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.0
 305  |            \       |      |       |         |                       |
 306  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.3 |                       |
 307  |   10.0      |      |      |       |         |                       |
 308  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.1
 309  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 310  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 311  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.2
 312  |     |       |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.4 |                       |
 313  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 314  |     |       |      |      |       |    OpenBSD 5.5                  |
 315  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 316  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.0
 317  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 318  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 319  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.1
 320  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 321  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 322  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.3
 323  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 324  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 325  |     |      9.3     |      |       |         |                       |
 326  |     |              |      |    NetBSD 6.1.5 |               DragonFly 3.8.2
 327  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 328  |     |             10.10   |                 |                       |
 329  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.6                  |
 330  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 331  |   10.1             |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.1
 332  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 333  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.2
 334  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 335  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.3
 336  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 337  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.4
 338  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 339  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.5
 340  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 341  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.7                  |
 342  |     |              |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.2.0
 343  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 344  |   10.2             |      |                 |                       |
 345  |     |            macOS  NetBSD 7.0          |                       |
 346  |     |            10.11   | | |         OpenBSD 5.8                  |
 347  |     |              |     | | `--.           |               DragonFly 4.4.1
 348  |  FreeBSD           |     | |    |      OpenBSD 5.9                  |
 349  |   10.3             |     | |    |           |                       |
 350  |     |              |     | | NetBSD 7.0.1   |                       |
 351  |     `------.       |     | |    |           |               DragonFly 4.6.0
 352  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 353  |            |       |     | |    |           |                       |
 354  *--FreeBSD   |     macOS   | |    |      OpenBSD 6.0                  |
 355  |   11.0     |     10.12   | | NetBSD 7.0.2   |                       |
 356  |     |      |       |     | |                |                       |
 357  |     |      |       |     | *- NetBSD 7.1    |                       |
 358  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 359  |     |      |       |     |      |           |                       |
 360  |     |      |     macOS   |      |           |               DragonFly 4.8.0
 361  |     |      |     10.13   |      |      OpenBSD 6.1                  |
 362  |  FreeBSD   |       |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.0.0
 363  |   11.1  FreeBSD    |     |      |           |                       |
 364  |     |    10.4      |     |      |      OpenBSD 6.2          DragonFly 5.0.1
 365  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 366  |     |              |     |  NetBSD 7.1.1    |               DragonFly 5.0.2
 367  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 368  |     |              |     |  NetBSD 7.1.2    |                       |
 369  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 370  |     |              |     |      |      OpenBSD 6.3                  |
 371  |     |              |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.2.0
 372  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 373  |     |              |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.2.1
 374  |     |              |     |      |           |                       |
 375  |     |              |     |      |           |               DragonFly 5.2.2
 376  |  FreeBSD           |     |  NetBSD 8.0      |                       |
 377  |   11.2             |     |      |           |                       |
 378  |     v              |     |      |           |                       |
 379  |                    |     |      v           |                       |
 380 FreeBSD 12 -current   | NetBSD -current   OpenBSD -current    DragonFly -current
 381  |                    |     |                  |                       |
 382  v                    v     v                  v                       v
 383
 384 Time
 385 ----------------
 386
 387 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 388 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 389
 390 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 391         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 392         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 393 [APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 394 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 395 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 396 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 397 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 398 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 399         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 400 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 401         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 402 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 403         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 404         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 405 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 406 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 407 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 408 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 409 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society.  http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
 410 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 411 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 412 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 413
 414 Multics                 1965
 415 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 416                                 DEC PDP-7
 417 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 418                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 419 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 420                                 10 UNIX installations
 421 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 422                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 423 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 424                                 rewriting in C effected,
 425                                 above 30 installations
 426 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 427                                 above 50 installations
 428 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 429                                 port to DEC Vax
 430 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS]
 431                                 first portable UNIX
 432 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 433                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 434                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 435                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 436                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 437                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 438
 439 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 440 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 441
 442 1BSD                    late 1977
 443                         1978-01-16 [DOC]
 444                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 445                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 446                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 447                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 448 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS]
 449                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 450 2.79BSD                 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
 451 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 452
 453 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 454                                 set of performance improvements
 455 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 456 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx [TUHS]
 457 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 458 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 459 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 460 2.11BSD                 1991-03-14 [SMS]
 461 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 462
 463 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS]
 464 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS]
 465                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 466                                 demand paging
 467 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 468 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 469 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 470                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 471 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 472 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 473                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 474 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 475                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 476 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 477                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 478 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 479 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 480                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 481 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 482 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 483
 484 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 485                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 486 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 487 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 488 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 489 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 490 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 491 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 492                                 first external gamma; G customers
 493 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 494                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 495                                 for preliminary injunction
 496 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 497                                 injunction denied; first official release
 498 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 499 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 500 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 501 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 502 FreeBSD 1.0.2           1993-11-14 [FBD]
 503                                 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
 504 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 505 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 506 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 507 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 508 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 509                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 510 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 511 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 512 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 513 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 514 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 515 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 516 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 517                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 518 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 519 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 520 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 521 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 522 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 523 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 524 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 525 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 526 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 527 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 528 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 529 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 530 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 531 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 532 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 533 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 534 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 535 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 536 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 537 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 538 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 539 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 540 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 541 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 542 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 543 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 544                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 545 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 546                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 547                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 548                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 549 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 550 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 551 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 552 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 553 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 554 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 555 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 556 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 557 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 558 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 559 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 560 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 561 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 562 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 563 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 564 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 565 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 566 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 567 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 568 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 569 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 570 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 571 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 572 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 573 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 574 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 575 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 576 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 577 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 578 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 579 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 580 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 581 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 582 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 583 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 584 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 585 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 586 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 587 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 588 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 589 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 590 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 591 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 592 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 593                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 594                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 595 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 596 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 597 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 598 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 599 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 600 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 601 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 602 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 603 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 604 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 605 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 606 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 607 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 608 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 609 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 610 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 611 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 612 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 613 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 614 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 615 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 616 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 617 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 618 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 619 NetBSD 2.0.3            2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 620 OpenBSD 3.8             2005-11-01 [OBD]
 621 FreeBSD 6.0             2005-11-01 [FBD]
 622 NetBSD 2.1              2005-11-02 [NBD]
 623 NetBSD 3.0              2005-12-23 [NBD]
 624 DragonFly 1.4.0         2006-01-08 [DFB]
 625 FreeBSD 2.2.9           2006-04-01 [FBD]
 626 OpenBSD 3.9             2006-05-01 [OBD]
 627 FreeBSD 6.1             2006-05-08 [FBD]
 628 FreeBSD 5.5             2006-05-25 [FBD]
 629 NetBSD 3.0.1            2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 630 DragonFly 1.6.0         2006-07-24 [DFB]
 631 OpenBSD 4.0             2006-11-01 [OBD]
 632 NetBSD 3.0.2            2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 633 NetBSD 3.1              2006-11-04 [NBD]
 634 FreeBSD 6.2             2007-01-15 [FBD]
 635 DragonFly 1.8.0         2007-01-30 [DFB]
 636 OpenBSD 4.1             2007-05-01 [OBD]
 637 DragonFly 1.10.0        2007-08-06 [DFB]
 638 Mac OS X 10.5           2007-10-26 [APL]
 639 OpenBSD 4.2             2007-11-01 [OBD]
 640 NetBSD 4.0              2007-12-19 [NBD]
 641 FreeBSD 6.3             2008-01-18 [FBD]
 642 DragonFly 1.12.0        2008-02-26 [DFB]
 643 FreeBSD 7.0             2008-02-27 [FBD]
 644 OpenBSD 4.3             2008-05-01 [OBD]
 645 DragonFly 2.0.0         2008-07-21 [DFB]
 646 OpenBSD 4.4             2008-11-01 [OBD]
 647 FreeBSD 6.4             2008-11-28 [FBD]
 648 FreeBSD 7.1             2009-01-04 [FBD]
 649 DragonFly 2.2.0         2009-02-17 [DFB]
 650 NetBSD 5.0              2009-04-29 [NBD]
 651 OpenBSD 4.5             2009-05-01 [OBD]
 652 FreeBSD 7.2             2009-05-04 [FBD]
 653 Mac OS X 10.6           2009-06-08 [APL]
 654 NetBSD 5.0.1            2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 655 DragonFly 2.4.0         2009-09-16 [DFB]
 656 OpenBSD 4.6             2009-10-18 [OBD]
 657 FreeBSD 8.0             2009-11-26 [FBD]
 658 NetBSD 5.0.2            2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 659 FreeBSD 7.3             2010-03-23 [FBD]
 660 DragonFly 2.6.0         2010-03-28 [DFB]
 661 OpenBSD 4.7             2010-05-19 [OBD]
 662 FreeBSD 8.1             2010-07-24 [FBD]
 663 DragonFly 2.8.2         2010-10-30 [DFB]
 664 OpenBSD 4.8             2010-11-01 [OBD]
 665 NetBSD 5.1              2010-11-19 [NBD]
 666 FreeBSD 7.4             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 667 FreeBSD 8.2             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 668 DragonFly 2.10.1        2011-04-26 [DFB]
 669 OpenBSD 4.9             2011-05-01 [OBD]
 670 Mac OS X 10.7           2011-07-20 [APL]
 671 OpenBSD 5.0             2011-11-01 [OBD]
 672 FreeBSD 9.0             2012-01-12 [FBD]
 673 NetBSD 5.1.2            2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 674 DragonFly 3.0.1         2012-02-21 [DFB]
 675 FreeBSD 8.3             2012-04-18 [FBD]
 676 OpenBSD 5.1             2012-05-01 [OBD]
 677 Mac OS X 10.8           2012-07-25 [APL]
 678 NetBSD 6.0              2012-10-17 [NBD]
 679 OpenBSD 5.2             2012-11-01 [OBD]
 680 DragonFly 3.2.1         2012-11-02 [DFB]
 681 NetBSD 5.2              2012-12-03 [NBD]
 682 NetBSD 6.0.1            2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 683 FreeBSD 9.1             2012-12-30 [FBD]
 684 DragonFly 3.4.1         2013-04-29 [DFB]
 685 OpenBSD 5.3             2013-05-01 [OBD]
 686 NetBSD 6.0.2            2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 687 NetBSD 6.1              2013-05-18 [NBD]
 688 FreeBSD 8.4             2013-06-07 [FBD]
 689 NetBSD 6.1.1            2013-08-22 [NBD]
 690 NetBSD 5.1.3            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 691 NetBSD 5.2.1            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 692 FreeBSD 9.2             2013-09-30 [FBD]
 693 NetBSD 6.0.3            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 694 NetBSD 6.1.2            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 695 Mac OS X 10.9           2013-10-22 [APL]
 696 OpenBSD 5.4             2013-11-01 [OBD]
 697 DragonFly 3.6.0         2013-11-25 [DFB]
 698 FreeBSD 10.0            2014-01-20 [FBD]
 699 NetBSD 5.1.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 700 NetBSD 5.2.2            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 701 NetBSD 6.0.4            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 702 NetBSD 6.1.3            2014-01-25 [NBD]
 703 DragonFly 3.6.1         2014-02-22 [DFB]
 704 DragonFly 3.6.2         2014-04-10 [DFB]
 705 NetBSD 6.0.5            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 706 NetBSD 6.1.4            2014-04-12 [NBD]
 707 OpenBSD 5.5             2014-05-01 [OBD]
 708 DragonFly 3.8.0         2014-06-04 [DFB]
 709 DragonFly 3.8.1         2014-06-16 [DFB]
 710 DragonFly 3.6.3         2014-06-17 [DFB]
 711 FreeBSD 9.3             2014-07-05 [FBD]
 712 DragonFly 3.8.2         2014-08-08 [DFB]
 713 NetBSD 6.0.6            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 714 NetBSD 6.1.5            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 715 Mac OS X 10.10          2014-10-16 [APL]
 716 OpenBSD 5.6             2014-11-01 [OBD]
 717 FreeBSD 10.1            2014-11-14 [FBD]
 718 DragonFly 4.0.1         2014-11-25 [DFB]
 719 DragonFly 4.0.2         2015-01-07 [DFB]
 720 DragonFly 4.0.3         2015-01-21 [DFB]
 721 DragonFly 4.0.4         2015-03-09 [DFB]
 722 DragonFly 4.0.5         2015-03-23 [DFB]
 723 OpenBSD 5.7             2015-05-01 [OBD]
 724 DragonFly 4.2.0         2015-06-29 [DFB]
 725 FreeBSD 10.2            2015-08-13 [FBD]
 726 NetBSD 7.0              2015-09-25 [NBD]
 727 OS X 10.11              2015-09-30 [APL]
 728 OpenBSD 5.8             2015-10-18 [OBD]
 729 DragonFly 4.4.1         2015-12-07 [DFB]
 730 OpenBSD 5.9             2016-03-29 [OBD]
 731 FreeBSD 10.3            2016-04-04 [FBD]
 732 NetBSD 7.0.1            2016-05-22 [NBD]
 733 DragonFly 4.6.0         2016-08-02 [DFB]
 734 OpenBSD 6.0             2016-09-01 [OBD]
 735 macOS 10.12             2016-09-20 [APL]
 736 FreeBSD 11.0            2016-10-10 [FBD]
 737 NetBSD 7.0.2            2016-10-21 [NBD]
 738 NetBSD 7.1              2017-03-11 [NBD]
 739 DragonFly 4.8.0         2017-03-27 [DFB]
 740 OpenBSD 6.1             2017-04-11 [OBD]
 741 FreeBSD 11.1            2017-07-26 [FBD]
 742 macOS 10.13             2017-09-25 [APL]
 743 FreeBSD 10.4            2017-10-03 [FBD]
 744 OpenBSD 6.2             2017-10-09 [OBD]
 745 DragonFly 5.0.0         2017-10-16 [DFB]
 746 DragonFly 5.0.1         2017-11-06 [DFB]
 747 DragonFly 5.0.2         2017-12-04 [DFB]
 748 NetBSD 7.1.1            2017-12-22 [NBD]
 749 NetBSD 7.1.2            2018-03-15 [NBD]
 750 OpenBSD 6.3             2018-04-02 [OBD]
 751 DragonFly 5.2.0         2018-04-10 [DFB]
 752 DragonFly 5.2.1         2018-05-20 [DFB]
 753 DragonFly 5.2.2         2018-06-18 [DFB]
 754 FreeBSD 11.2            2018-06-27 [FBD]
 755 NetBSD 8.0              2018-07-17 [NBD]
 756
 757 Bibliography
 758 ------------------------
 759
 760 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 761 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 762 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 763
 764 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 765 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 766
 767 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 768 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 769 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 770
 771 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 772 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 773 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 774
 775 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The
 776 Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition.
 777 Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2
 778
 779 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 780
 781 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 782 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 783 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 784
 785 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 786 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 787
 788 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 789 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 790
 791 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 792 URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
 793
 794 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 795 URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 796
 797 UNIX history graphing project
 798 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 799
 800 UNIX history
 801 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 802
 803 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 804 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 805 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 806
 807
 808 Acknowledgments
 809 ---------------
 810
 811 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 812 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 813
 814 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 815
 816 --
 817 Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 818 URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 819
 820 $FreeBSD$