1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | |
191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
197 | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
201 | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
202 | FreeBSD 6.1 | | | |
205 FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
212 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
213 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
215 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
216 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
217 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
218 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
219 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
220 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
221 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
222 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
223 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
224 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
225 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
226 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
227 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
228 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
229 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
230 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
231 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
232 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
233 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
234 [USE] Usenet announcement.
235 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
236 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
241 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
242 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
243 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
244 10 UNIX installations
245 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
246 Pipes, 16 installations
247 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
248 rewriting in C effected,
249 above 30 installations
250 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
251 above 50 installations
252 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
254 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
256 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
257 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
258 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
259 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
260 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
261 and networking part by the streams mechanism
263 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
264 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
268 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
269 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
270 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
272 75 2BSD tapes shipped
274 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
276 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
277 set of performance improvements
278 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
280 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
281 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
282 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
283 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
284 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
286 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
288 virtual memory, page replacement,
291 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
293 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
294 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
296 beta release, IPC [44B]
297 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
299 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
300 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
301 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
302 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
304 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
305 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
307 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
308 first code released to people outside BSDI
309 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
310 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
311 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
312 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
313 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
314 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
315 first external gamma; G customers
316 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
317 would have been 1.0 except for request
318 for preliminary injunction
319 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
320 injunction denied; first official release
321 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
322 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
323 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
324 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
325 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
326 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
327 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
328 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
329 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
330 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
331 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
332 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
333 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
334 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
335 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
336 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
337 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
338 the true final distribution from the CSRG
339 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
340 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
341 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
342 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
343 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
344 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
345 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
346 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
348 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
349 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
350 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
351 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
352 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
353 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
354 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
355 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
356 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
357 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
358 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
359 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
360 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
361 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
362 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
363 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
364 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
365 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
366 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
367 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
368 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
369 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
370 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
371 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
372 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
373 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
374 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
375 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
376 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
377 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
378 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
379 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
380 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
381 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
382 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
383 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
384 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
385 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
386 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
387 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
388 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
389 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
390 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
391 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
392 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
393 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
394 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
395 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
396 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
397 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
398 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
399 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
400 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
401 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
402 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
403 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
404 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
405 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
406 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
407 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
408 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
409 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
410 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
411 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
412 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
413 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
414 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
415 -current, similar to 3.0.
416 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
417 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
418 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
419 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
420 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
421 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
422 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
423 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
424 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
425 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
426 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
427 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
428 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
429 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
430 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
431 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
432 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
433 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
434 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
435 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
436 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
437 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
438 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
439 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
440 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
441 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
442 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
443 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
444 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
445 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
446 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
447 FreeBSD 6.1 2005-05-08 [FBD]
450 ------------------------
452 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
453 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
454 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
456 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
457 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
459 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
460 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
461 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
463 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
464 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
465 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
467 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
469 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
470 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
471 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
473 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
474 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
476 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
477 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
479 BSD Release Announcements collection.
480 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
482 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
483 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
485 UNIX history graphing project
486 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
489 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
491 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
492 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
493 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
499 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
500 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
502 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
505 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
506 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree