1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | |
191 | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
194 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
201 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
202 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
204 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
205 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
206 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
207 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
208 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
209 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
210 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
211 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
212 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
213 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
214 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
215 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
216 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
217 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
218 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
219 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
220 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
221 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
222 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
223 [USE] Usenet announcement.
224 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
225 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
230 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
231 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
232 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
233 10 UNIX installations
234 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
235 Pipes, 16 installations
236 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
237 rewriting in C effected,
238 above 30 installations
239 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
240 above 50 installations
241 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
243 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
245 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
246 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
247 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
248 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
249 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
250 and networking part by the streams mechanism
252 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
253 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
257 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
258 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
259 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
261 75 2BSD tapes shipped
263 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
265 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
266 set of performance improvements
267 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
269 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
270 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
271 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
272 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
273 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
275 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
277 virtual memory, page replacement,
280 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
282 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
283 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
285 beta release, IPC [44B]
286 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
288 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
289 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
290 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
291 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
293 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
294 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
296 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
297 first code released to people outside BSDI
298 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
299 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
300 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
301 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
302 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
303 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
304 first external gamma; G customers
305 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
306 would have been 1.0 except for request
307 for preliminary injunction
308 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
309 injunction denied; first official release
310 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
311 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
312 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
313 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
314 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
315 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
316 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD]
317 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD]
318 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
319 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
320 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
321 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD]
322 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
323 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
324 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
325 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
326 the true final distribution from the CSRG
327 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
328 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
329 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
330 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
331 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
332 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
333 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
334 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
336 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
337 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
338 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
339 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
340 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
341 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
342 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
343 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
344 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
345 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
346 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
347 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
348 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
349 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
350 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
351 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
352 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
353 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
354 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
355 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
356 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
357 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
358 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
359 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
360 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
361 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
362 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
363 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
364 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
365 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
366 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
367 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
368 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
369 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
370 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
371 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
372 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
373 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
374 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
375 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
376 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
377 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
378 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
379 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
380 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
381 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
382 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
383 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
384 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
385 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
386 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
387 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
388 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
389 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
390 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
391 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
392 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
393 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
394 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
395 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
396 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
397 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
398 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
399 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
400 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
401 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
402 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
403 -current, similar to 3.0.
404 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
405 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
406 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
407 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
408 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
409 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
410 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
411 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
412 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
413 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
414 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
415 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
416 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
417 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
418 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
419 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
420 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
421 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
422 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
423 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
424 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
425 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
426 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
429 ------------------------
431 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
432 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
433 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
435 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
436 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
438 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
439 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
440 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
442 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
443 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
444 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
446 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
448 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
449 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
450 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
452 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
453 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
455 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
456 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
458 BSD Release Announcements collection.
459 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
461 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
462 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
464 UNIX history graphing project
465 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
468 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
470 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
471 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
472 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
478 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
479 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
481 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
484 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
485 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree