share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |                    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |         v         | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |                   | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 117  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 118  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 119  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 120  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 121  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 122  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 127  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 128 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 130  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 131  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 134  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 137  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 140  |      |         Mac OS X   |    |        OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 141  |      |             |      |    v            |             |
 142  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 143  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 144  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 145  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 146  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 148  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 149  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 150  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 151  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 152  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 154  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 156  |      |            10.2    |    v            |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 158  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 160  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 161  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 162  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 163  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 164  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 165  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 168  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 169  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 170  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |      v           `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 174  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 175 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 176  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 177 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                  DragonFly 1.0
 178  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 179  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 180  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 181 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 182  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 183  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 184  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 185  *---FreeBSD 5.3      |      |                 |                       |
 186  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 187  |      |             |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 188  |      |             |      |                 |                 DragonFly 1.2.0
 189  |      |          Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 190  |   FreeBSD 5.4     10.4    |                 |                       |
 191  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 192  |      V             |      |                 |                       |
 193  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 194 FreeBSD 6 -current    |  NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current             |
 195  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 196  v                    v      v                 v                       v
 197
 198 Time
 199 ----------------
 200
 201 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 202 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 203
 204 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 205         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 206         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 207 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 208 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 209 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 210 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 211 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 212 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 213         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 214 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 215         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 216 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 217         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 218         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 219 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 220 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 221 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 222 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 223 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 224 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 225 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 226
 227 Multics                 1965
 228 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 229                                 DEC PDP-7
 230 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 231                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 232 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 233                                 10 UNIX installations
 234 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 235                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 236 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 237                                 rewriting in C effected,
 238                                 above 30 installations
 239 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 240                                 above 50 installations
 241 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 242                                 port to DEC Vax
 243 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 244                                 first portable UNIX
 245 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 246                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 247                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 248                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 249                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 250                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 251
 252 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 253 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 254
 255 1BSD                    late 1977
 256                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 257                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 258                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 259                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 260 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
 261                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 262 2.7.9BSD                ?? [SMS]
 263 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 264
 265 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 266                                 set of performance improvements
 267 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 268 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
 269 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 270 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 271 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 272 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 273 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 274
 275 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 276 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
 277                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 278                                 demand paging
 279 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 280 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 281 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 282                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 283 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 284 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 285                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 286 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 287                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 288 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 289                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 290 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 291 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 292                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 293 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 294 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 295
 296 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 297                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 298 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 299 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 300 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 301 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 302 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 303 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 304                                 first external gamma; G customers
 305 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 306                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 307                                 for preliminary injunction
 308 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 309                                 injunction denied; first official release
 310 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 311 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 312 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 313 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 314 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 315 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 316 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-04-xx [FBD]
 317 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-xx [FBD]
 318                                 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
 319 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 320 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 321 FreeBSD 2.0             1995-01-xx [FBD]
 322 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 323 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 324 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 325 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 326                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 327 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 328 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 329 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 330 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 331 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 332 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 333 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 334 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 335 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 336 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 337 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 338 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 339 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 340 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 341 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 342 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 343 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 344 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 345 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 346 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 347 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 348 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 349 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 350 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 351 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 352 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 353                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 354 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 355                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 356                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 357                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 358 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 359 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 360 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 361 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 362 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 363 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 364 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 365 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 366 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 367 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 368 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 369 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 370 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 371 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 372 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 373 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 374 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 375 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 376 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 377 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 378 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 379 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 380 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 381 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 382 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 383 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 384 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 385 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 386 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 387 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 388 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 389 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 390 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 391 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 392 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 393 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 394 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 395 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 396 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 397 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 398 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 399 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 400 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 401 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 402                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 403                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 404 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 405 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 406 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 407 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 408 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 409 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 410 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 411 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 412 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 413 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 414 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 415 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 416 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 417 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 418 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 419 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 420 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 421 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 422 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 423 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 424 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 425 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 426 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 427
 428 Bibliography
 429 ------------------------
 430
 431 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 432 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 433 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 434
 435 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 436 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 437
 438 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 439 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 440 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 441
 442 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 443 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 444 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 445
 446 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 447
 448 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 449 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 450 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 451
 452 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 453 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
 454
 455 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 456 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 457
 458 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 459 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
 460
 461 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 462 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 463
 464 UNIX history graphing project
 465 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 466
 467 UNIX history
 468 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 469
 470 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 471 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 472 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 473
 474
 475 Acknowledgments
 476 ---------------
 477
 478 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 479 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 480
 481 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 482
 483 --
 484 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 485 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 486
 487 $FreeBSD$