share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |                    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |         v         | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |                   | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 117  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 118  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 119  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 120  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 121  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 122  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 127  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 128 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 130  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 131  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 134  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 137  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 140  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 141  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 142  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 143  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 144  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 145  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 146  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 148  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 149  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 150  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 151  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 152  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 154  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 156  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 158  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 160  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 161  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 162  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 163  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 164  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 165  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 168  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 169  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 170  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |      v           `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 174  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 175 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 176  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 177 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                  DragonFly 1.0
 178  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 179  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 180  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 181 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 182  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 183  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 184  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 185  *---FreeBSD 5.3      |      |                 |                       |
 186  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 187  |      |             |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 188  |      |             |      |    |            |                 DragonFly 1.2.0
 189  |      |          Mac OS X  | NetBSD 2.0.2    |                       |
 190  |   FreeBSD 5.4     10.4    |    |            |                       |
 191  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 192  |      V             |      |    v            |                       |
 193  |                    |      |             OpenBSD 3.8                 |
 194  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 195 FreeBSD 6 -current    |  NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current             |
 196  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 197  v                    v      v                 v                       v
 198
 199 Time
 200 ----------------
 201
 202 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 203 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 204
 205 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 206         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 207         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 208 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 209 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 210 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 211 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 212 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 213 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 214         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 215 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 216         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 217 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 218         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 219         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 220 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 221 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 222 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 223 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 224 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 225 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 226 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 227
 228 Multics                 1965
 229 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 230                                 DEC PDP-7
 231 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 232                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 233 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 234                                 10 UNIX installations
 235 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 236                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 237 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 238                                 rewriting in C effected,
 239                                 above 30 installations
 240 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 241                                 above 50 installations
 242 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 243                                 port to DEC Vax
 244 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 245                                 first portable UNIX
 246 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 247                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 248                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 249                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 250                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 251                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 252
 253 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 254 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 255
 256 1BSD                    late 1977
 257                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 258                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 259                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 260                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 261 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
 262                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 263 2.7.9BSD                ?? [SMS]
 264 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 265
 266 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 267                                 set of performance improvements
 268 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 269 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
 270 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 271 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 272 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 273 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 274 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 275
 276 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 277 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
 278                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 279                                 demand paging
 280 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 281 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 282 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 283                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 284 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 285 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 286                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 287 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 288                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 289 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 290                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 291 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 292 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 293                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 294 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 295 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 296
 297 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 298                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 299 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 300 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 301 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 302 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 303 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 304 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 305                                 first external gamma; G customers
 306 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 307                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 308                                 for preliminary injunction
 309 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 310                                 injunction denied; first official release
 311 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 312 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 313 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 314 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 315 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 316 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 317 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 318 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 319 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 320                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 321 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 322 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 323 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 324 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 325 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 326 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 327 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 328                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 329 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 330 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 331 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 332 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 333 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 334 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 335 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 336 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 337 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 338 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 339 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 340 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 341 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 342 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 343 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 344 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 345 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 346 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 347 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 348 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 349 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 350 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 351 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 352 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 353 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 354 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 355                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 356 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 357                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 358                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 359                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 360 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 361 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 362 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 363 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 364 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 365 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 366 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 367 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 368 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 369 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 370 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 371 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 372 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 373 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 374 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 375 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 376 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 377 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 378 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 379 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 380 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 381 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 382 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 383 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 384 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 385 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 386 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 387 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 388 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 389 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 390 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 391 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 392 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 393 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 394 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 395 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 396 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 397 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 398 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 399 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 400 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 401 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 402 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 403 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 404                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 405                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 406 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 407 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 408 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 409 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 410 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 411 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 412 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 413 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 414 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 415 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 416 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 417 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 418 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 419 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 420 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 421 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 422 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 423 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 424 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 425 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 426 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 427 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 428 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 429 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 430 OpenBSD 3.8             2005-11-01 [OBD]
 431
 432 Bibliography
 433 ------------------------
 434
 435 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 436 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 437 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 438
 439 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 440 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 441
 442 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 443 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 444 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 445
 446 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 447 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 448 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 449
 450 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 451
 452 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 453 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 454 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 455
 456 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 457 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 458
 459 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 460 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 461
 462 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 463 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
 464
 465 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 466 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 467
 468 UNIX history graphing project
 469 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 470
 471 UNIX history
 472 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 473
 474 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 475 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 476 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 477
 478
 479 Acknowledgments
 480 ---------------
 481
 482 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 483 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 484
 485 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 486
 487 --
 488 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 489 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 490
 491 $FreeBSD$