share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD                2.79BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                -NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |               /    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0 <-----'  NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |         |         | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |         v         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116  |     FreeBSD 2.2.9 | |     |    |            |             |
 117  |                   | |     |    |            |             |
 118 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 119  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 120  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 121  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 122  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 127  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 128  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 130 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 131  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 134  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 137  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 140  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 141  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 142  |      |         Mac OS X   |             OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 143  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 144  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 145  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 146  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 148  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 149  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 150  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 151  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 152  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 154  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 156  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |                 |             |
 158  |      |            10.2    |                 |             |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 160  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 161  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 162  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 163  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 164  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 165  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 168  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 169  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 170  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 174  |                 |  |      |                 |
 175  |                  `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 176  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 177 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 178  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 179 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                 DragonFly 1.0
 180  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 181  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 182  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 183 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 184  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 185  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 186  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 187  *-------FreeBSD 5.3  |      |                 |                       |
 188  |           |        |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 189  |           |        |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 190  |           |        |      | |  |            |                DragonFly 1.2.0
 191  |           |     Mac OS X  | | NetBSD 2.0.2  |                       |
 192  |           |       10.4    | |  |            |                       |
 193  |       FreeBSD 5.4  |      | |  |            |                       |
 194  |           |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.7                 |
 195  |           |        |      | | NetBSD 2.0.3  |                       |
 196  |           |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 197  *--FreeBSD  |        |      | |  v        OpenBSD 3.8                 |
 198  |    6.0    |        |      | |               |                       |
 199  |     |     |        |      |  \              |                       |
 200  |     |     |        |      | NetBSD 2.1      |                       |
 201  |     |     |        |      |                 |                       |
 202  |     |     |        |   NetBSD 3.0           |                       |
 203  |     |     |        |      | |  |            |                DragonFly 1.4.0
 204  |     |     |        |      | |  |        OpenBSD 3.9                 |
 205  |  FreeBSD  |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 206  |    6.1    |        |      | |  |            |                       |
 207  |     |  FreeBSD 5.5 |      | |  |            |                       |
 208  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.1  |                DragonFly 1.6.0
 209  |     |              |      | |  |            |                       |
 210  |     |              |      | |  |        OpenBSD 4.0                 |
 211  |     |              |      | | NetBSD 3.0.2  |                       |
 212  |     |              |      | NetBSD 3.1      |                       |
 213  | FreeBSD 6.2        |      |                 |                       |
 214  |     |              |      |                 |                DragonFly 1.8.0
 215  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.1                 |
 216  |     |              |      |                 |                DragonFly 1.10.0
 217  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 218  |     |             10.5    |                 |                       |
 219  |     |              |      |             OpenBSD 4.2                 |
 220  |     |              |   NetBSD 4.0           |                       |
 221  | FreeBSD 6.3        |      |    |            |                       |
 222  |            \       |      |    |            |                       |
 223  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    |            |                DragonFly 1.12.0
 224  |    7.0      |      |      |    |            |                       |
 225  |     |       |      |      |    |        OpenBSD 4.3                 |
 226  |     |       |      |      | NetBSD          |                DragonFly 2.0.0
 227  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |  4.0.1      OpenBSD 4.4                 |
 228  |     |      6.4     |      |                 |                       |
 229  |     |              |      |                 |                       |
 230  |  FreeBSD 7.1       |      |                 |                       |
 231  |     |              |      |                 |                DragonFly 2.2.0
 232  |  FreeBSD 7.2       |   NetBSD 5.0       OpenBSD 4.5                 |
 233  |             \      |      | |    \          |                       |
 234  |              |  Mac OS X  | |     \         |                       |
 235  |              |    10.6    | |      \        |                       |
 236  |              |     |      | |   NetBSD      |                DragonFly 2.4.0
 237  |              |     |      | |    5.0.1  OpenBSD 4.6                 |
 238  |              |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 239  *--FreeBSD     |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 240  |    8.0       |     |      | |       |       |                       |
 241  |     |     FreeBSD  |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 242  |     |       7.3    |      | |    5.0.2      |                DragonFly 2.6.0
 243  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.7                 |
 244  |  FreeBSD     |     |      | |               |                       |
 245  |    8.1       |     |      | |               |                       |
 246  |     |        |     |      | |               |                DragonFly 2.8.2
 247  |     |        |     |      | |           OpenBSD 4.8                 |
 248  |     |        |     |      | *--NetBSD       |                       |
 249  |  FreeBSD  FreeBSD  |      | |    5.1        |                       |
 250  |    8.2      7.4    |      | |      |        |               DragonFly 2.10.1
 251  |     |              |      | |      |    OpenBSD 4.9                 |
 252  |     `-----.     Mac OS X  | |      |        |                       |
 253  |            \      10.7    | |      |        |                       |
 254  |             |      |      | |      |    OpenBSD 5.0                 |
 255  *--FreeBSD    |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 256  |    9.0      |      |      | |   NetBSD      |               DragonFly 3.0.1
 257  |     |    FreeBSD   |      | |    5.1.2      |                       |
 258  |     |      8.3     |      | |      |        |                       |
 259  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 260  |     |       |      |      | |    5.1.3      |                       |
 261  |     |       |      |      | |           OpenBSD 5.1                 |
 262  |     |       |   Mac OS X  | `----.          |                       |
 263  |     |       |     10.8    |       \         |                       |
 264  |     |       |      |   NetBSD 6.0  |        |                       |
 265  |     |       |      |      | | |    |    OpenBSD 5.2         DragonFly 3.2.1
 266  |  FreeBSD    |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 267  |    9.1      |      |      | | |   5.2       |                       |
 268  |     |       |      |      | | |    |        |                       |
 269  |     |       |      |      | | | NetBSD      |                       |
 270  |     |       |      |      | | |  5.2.1      |                       |
 271  |     |       |      |      | | |             |                       |
 272  |     |       |      |      | |  \            |                       |
 273  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 274  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.1      |                       |
 275  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 276  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 277  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.2      |                       |
 278  |     |       |      |      | |      |   OpenBSD 5.3          DragonFly 3.4.1
 279  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 280  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.3      |                       |
 281  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 282  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 283  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.4      |                       |
 284  |     |       |      |      | |      |        |                       |
 285  |     |       |      |      | |   NetBSD      |                       |
 286  |     |       |      |      | |    6.0.5      |                       |
 287  |     |       |      |      | |               |                       |
 288  |     |       |      |      | |`-NetBSD 6.1   |                       |
 289  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 290  |     |      8.4     |      |    NetBSD 6.1.1 |                       |
 291  |     |              |      |       |         |                       |
 292  |  FreeBSD           |      |    NetBSD 6.1.2 |                       |
 293  |    9.2          Mac OS X  |       |         |                       |
 294  |     |             10.9    |       |    OpenBSD 5.4                  |
 295  |     `-----.        |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.0
 296  |            \       |      |       |         |                       |
 297  *--FreeBSD    |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.3 |                       |
 298  |   10.0      |      |      |       |         |                       |
 299  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.1
 300  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 301  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 302  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.2
 303  |     |       |      |      |    NetBSD 6.1.4 |                       |
 304  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 305  |     |       |      |      |       |    OpenBSD 5.5                  |
 306  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 307  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.0
 308  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 309  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 310  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.8.1
 311  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 312  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 313  |     |       |      |      |       |         |               DragonFly 3.6.3
 314  |     |       |      |      |       |         |                       |
 315  |     |    FreeBSD   |      |       |         |                       |
 316  |     |      9.3     |      |       |         |                       |
 317  |     |              |      |    NetBSD 6.1.5 |               DragonFly 3.8.2
 318  |     |           Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 319  |     |             10.10   |                 |                       |
 320  |     |              |      |            OpenBSD 5.6                  |
 321  |  FreeBSD           |      |                 |                       |
 322  |   10.1             |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.1
 323  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 324  |                    |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.2
 325  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 326  |                    |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.3
 327  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 328  |                    |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.4
 329  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 330  |                    |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.0.5
 331  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 332  |                    |      |            OpenBSD 5.7                  |
 333  |                    |      |                 |               DragonFly 4.2.0
 334  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 335 FreeBSD 11 -current   |  NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current     DragonFly -current
 336  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 337  v                    v      v                 v                       v
 338
 339 Time
 340 ----------------
 341
 342 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 343 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 344
 345 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 346         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 347         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 348 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 349 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 350 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 351 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 352 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 353 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 354         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 355 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 356         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 357 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 358         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 359         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 360 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 361 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 362 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 363 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 364 [TUHS] The Unix Historical Society.  http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/.
 365 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 366 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 367 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 368
 369 Multics                 1965
 370 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 371                                 DEC PDP-7
 372 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 373                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 374 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 375                                 10 UNIX installations
 376 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 377                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 378 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 379                                 rewriting in C effected,
 380                                 above 30 installations
 381 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 382                                 above 50 installations
 383 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 384                                 port to DEC Vax
 385 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 386                                 first portable UNIX
 387 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 388                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 389                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 390                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 391                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 392                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 393
 394 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 395 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 396
 397 1BSD                    late 1977
 398                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 399                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 400                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 401                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 402 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS]
 403                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 404 2.79BSD                 1980-04-xx [TUHS]
 405 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 406
 407 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 408                                 set of performance improvements
 409 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 410 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx [TUHS]
 411 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 412 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 413 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 414 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 415 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 416
 417 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 418 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS]
 419                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 420                                 demand paging
 421 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 422 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 423 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 424                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 425 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 426 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 427                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 428 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 429                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 430 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 431                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 432 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 433 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 434                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 435 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 436 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 437
 438 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 439                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 440 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 441 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 442 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 443 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 444 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 445 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 446                                 first external gamma; G customers
 447 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 448                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 449                                 for preliminary injunction
 450 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 451                                 injunction denied; first official release
 452 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 453 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 454 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 455 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 456 FreeBSD 1.0.2           1993-11-14 [FBD]
 457                                 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
 458 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 459 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 460 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-05-07 [FBD]
 461 FreeBSD 1.1.5           1994-06-30 [FBD]
 462 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-05 [FBD]
 463                                 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
 464 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 465 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 466 FreeBSD 2.0             1994-11-23 [FBD]
 467 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 468 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 469 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 470 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 471                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 472 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 473 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 474 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 475 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 476 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 477 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 478 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 479 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 480 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 481 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 482 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 483 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 484 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 485 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 486 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 487 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 488 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 489 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 490 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 491 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 492 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 493 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 494 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 495 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 496 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 497 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 498                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 499 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 500                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 501                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 502                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 503 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 504 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 505 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 506 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 507 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 508 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 509 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 510 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 511 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 512 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 513 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 514 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 515 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 516 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 517 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 518 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 519 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 520 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 521 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 522 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 523 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 524 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 525 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 526 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 527 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 528 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 529 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 530 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 531 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 532 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 533 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 534 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 535 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 536 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 537 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 538 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 539 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 540 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 541 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 542 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 543 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 544 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 545 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 546 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 547                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 548                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 549 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 550 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 551 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 552 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 553 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 554 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 555 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 556 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 557 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 558 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 559 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 560 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 561 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 562 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 563 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFB]
 564 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 565 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 566 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 567 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 568 DragonFly 1.2.0         2005-04-08 [DFB]
 569 NetBSD 2.0.2            2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 570 Mac OS X 10.4           2005-04-29 [APL]
 571 FreeBSD 5.4             2005-05-09 [FBD]
 572 OpenBSD 3.7             2005-05-19 [OBD]
 573 NetBSD 2.0.3            2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 574 OpenBSD 3.8             2005-11-01 [OBD]
 575 FreeBSD 6.0             2005-11-01 [FBD]
 576 NetBSD 2.1              2005-11-02 [NBD]
 577 NetBSD 3.0              2005-12-23 [NBD]
 578 DragonFly 1.4.0         2006-01-08 [DFB]
 579 FreeBSD 2.2.9           2006-04-01 [FBD]
 580 OpenBSD 3.9             2006-05-01 [OBD]
 581 FreeBSD 6.1             2006-05-08 [FBD]
 582 FreeBSD 5.5             2006-05-25 [FBD]
 583 NetBSD 3.0.1            2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 584 DragonFly 1.6.0         2006-07-24 [DFB]
 585 OpenBSD 4.0             2006-11-01 [OBD]
 586 NetBSD 3.0.2            2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 587 NetBSD 3.1              2006-11-04 [NBD]
 588 FreeBSD 6.2             2007-01-15 [FBD]
 589 DragonFly 1.8.0         2007-01-30 [DFB]
 590 OpenBSD 4.1             2007-05-01 [OBD]
 591 DragonFly 1.10.0        2007-08-06 [DFB]
 592 Mac OS X 10.5           2007-10-26 [APL]
 593 OpenBSD 4.2             2007-11-01 [OBD]
 594 NetBSD 4.0              2007-12-19 [NBD]
 595 FreeBSD 6.3             2008-01-18 [FBD]
 596 DragonFly 1.12.0        2008-02-26 [DFB]
 597 FreeBSD 7.0             2008-02-27 [FBD]
 598 OpenBSD 4.3             2008-05-01 [OBD]
 599 DragonFly 2.0.0         2008-07-21 [DFB]
 600 OpenBSD 4.4             2008-11-01 [OBD]
 601 FreeBSD 6.4             2008-11-28 [FBD]
 602 FreeBSD 7.1             2009-01-04 [FBD]
 603 DragonFly 2.2.0         2009-02-17 [DFB]
 604 NetBSD 5.0              2009-04-29 [NBD]
 605 OpenBSD 4.5             2009-05-01 [OBD]
 606 FreeBSD 7.2             2009-05-04 [FBD]
 607 Mac OS X 10.6           2009-06-08 [APL]
 608 NetBSD 5.0.1            2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 609 DragonFly 2.4.0         2009-09-16 [DFB]
 610 OpenBSD 4.6             2009-10-18 [OBD]
 611 FreeBSD 8.0             2009-11-26 [FBD]
 612 NetBSD 5.0.2            2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 613 FreeBSD 7.3             2010-03-23 [FBD]
 614 DragonFly 2.6.0         2010-03-28 [DFB]
 615 OpenBSD 4.7             2010-05-19 [OBD]
 616 FreeBSD 8.1             2010-07-24 [FBD]
 617 DragonFly 2.8.2         2010-10-30 [DFB]
 618 OpenBSD 4.8             2010-11-01 [OBD]
 619 NetBSD 5.1              2010-11-19 [NBD]
 620 FreeBSD 7.4             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 621 FreeBSD 8.2             2011-02-24 [FBD]
 622 DragonFly 2.10.1        2011-04-26 [DFB]
 623 OpenBSD 4.9             2011-05-01 [OBD]
 624 Mac OS X 10.7           2011-07-20 [APL]
 625 OpenBSD 5.0             2011-11-01 [OBD]
 626 FreeBSD 9.0             2012-01-12 [FBD]
 627 NetBSD 5.1.2            2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 628 DragonFly 3.0.1         2012-02-21 [DFB]
 629 FreeBSD 8.3             2012-04-18 [FBD]
 630 OpenBSD 5.1             2012-05-01 [OBD]
 631 Mac OS X 10.8           2012-07-25 [APL]
 632 NetBSD 6.0              2012-10-17 [NBD]
 633 OpenBSD 5.2             2012-11-01 [OBD]
 634 DragonFly 3.2.1         2012-11-02 [DFB]
 635 NetBSD 5.2              2012-12-03 [NBD]
 636 NetBSD 6.0.1            2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 637 FreeBSD 9.1             2012-12-30 [FBD]
 638 DragonFly 3.4.1         2013-04-29 [DFB]
 639 OpenBSD 5.3             2013-05-01 [OBD]
 640 NetBSD 6.0.2            2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release)
 641 NetBSD 6.1              2013-05-18 [NBD]
 642 FreeBSD 8.4             2013-06-07 [FBD]
 643 NetBSD 6.1.1            2013-08-22 [NBD]
 644 NetBSD 5.1.3            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 645 NetBSD 5.2.1            2013-09-29 [NBD]
 646 FreeBSD 9.2             2013-09-30 [FBD]
 647 NetBSD 6.0.3            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 648 NetBSD 6.1.2            2013-09-30 [NBD]
 649 Mac OS X 10.9           2013-10-22 [APL]
 650 OpenBSD 5.4             2013-11-01 [OBD]
 651 DragonFly 3.6.0         2013-11-25 [DFB]
 652 FreeBSD 10.0            2014-01-20 [FBD]
 653 NetBSD 6.0.4            2014-01-27 [NBD]
 654 NetBSD 6.1.3            2014-01-27 [NBD]
 655 DragonFly 3.6.1         2014-02-22 [DFB]
 656 DragonFly 3.6.2         2014-04-10 [DFB]
 657 NetBSD 6.0.5            2014-04-19 [NDB]
 658 NetBSD 6.1.4            2014-04-19 [NDB]
 659 OpenBSD 5.5             2014-05-01 [OBD]
 660 DragonFly 3.8.0         2014-06-04 [DFB]
 661 DragonFly 3.8.1         2014-06-16 [DFB]
 662 DragonFly 3.6.3         2014-06-17 [DFB]
 663 FreeBSD 9.3             2014-07-05 [FBD]
 664 DragonFly 3.8.2         2014-08-08 [DFB]
 665 NetBSD 6.1.5            2014-09-22 [NBD]
 666 Mac OS X 10.10          2014-10-16 [APL]
 667 OpenBSD 5.6             2014-11-01 [OBD]
 668 FreeBSD 10.1            2014-11-14 [FBD]
 669 DragonFly 4.0.1         2014-11-25 [DFB]
 670 DragonFly 4.0.2         2015-01-07 [DFB]
 671 DragonFly 4.0.3         2015-01-21 [DFB]
 672 DragonFly 4.0.4         2015-03-09 [DFB]
 673 DragonFly 4.0.5         2015-03-23 [DFB]
 674 OpenBSD 5.7             2015-05-01 [OBD]
 675 DragonFly 4.2.0         2015-06-29 [DFB]
 676
 677 Bibliography
 678 ------------------------
 679
 680 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 681 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 682 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 683
 684 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 685 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 686
 687 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 688 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 689 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 690
 691 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 692 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 693 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 694
 695 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The
 696 Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition.
 697 Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2
 698
 699 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 700
 701 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 702 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 703 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 704
 705 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 706 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
 707
 708 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 709 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 710
 711 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 712 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/
 713
 714 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 715 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 716
 717 UNIX history graphing project
 718 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 719
 720 UNIX history
 721 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 722
 723 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 724 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 725 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 726
 727
 728 Acknowledgments
 729 ---------------
 730
 731 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 732 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 733
 734 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 735
 736 --
 737 Copyright (c) 1997-2012 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 738 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 739
 740 $FreeBSD$