1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
189 FreeBSD 6 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
196 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
197 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
199 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
200 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
201 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
202 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
203 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
204 [DFD] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
205 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
206 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
207 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
208 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
209 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
210 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
211 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
212 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
213 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
214 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
215 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
216 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
217 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
218 [USE] Usenet announcement.
219 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
220 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
225 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
226 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
227 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
228 10 UNIX installations
229 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
230 Pipes, 16 installations
231 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
232 rewriting in C effected,
233 above 30 installations
234 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
235 above 50 installations
236 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
238 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
240 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
241 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
242 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
243 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
244 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
245 and networking part by the streams mechanism
247 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
248 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
252 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
253 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
254 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
256 75 2BSD tapes shipped
258 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
260 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
261 set of performance improvements
262 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
264 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
265 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
266 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
267 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
268 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
270 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
272 virtual memory, page replacement,
275 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
277 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
278 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
280 beta release, IPC [44B]
281 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
283 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
284 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
285 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
286 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
288 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
289 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
291 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
292 first code released to people outside BSDI
293 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
294 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
295 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
296 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
297 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
298 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
299 first external gamma; G customers
300 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
301 would have been 1.0 except for request
302 for preliminary injunction
303 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
304 injunction denied; first official release
305 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
306 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
307 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
308 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
309 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
310 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
311 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD]
312 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD]
313 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
314 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
315 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
316 FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD]
317 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
318 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
319 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
320 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
321 the true final distribution from the CSRG
322 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
323 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
324 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
325 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
326 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
327 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
328 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
329 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
331 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
332 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
333 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
334 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
335 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
336 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
337 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
338 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
339 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
340 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
341 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
342 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
343 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
344 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
345 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
346 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
347 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
348 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
349 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
350 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
351 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
352 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
353 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
354 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
355 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
356 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
357 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
358 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
359 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
360 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
361 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
362 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
363 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
364 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
365 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
366 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
367 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
368 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
369 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
370 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
371 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
372 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
373 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
374 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
375 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
376 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
377 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
378 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
379 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
380 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
381 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
382 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
383 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
384 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
385 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
386 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
387 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
388 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
389 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
390 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
391 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
392 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
393 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
394 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
395 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
396 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
397 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
398 -current, similar to 3.0.
399 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
400 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
401 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
402 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
403 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
404 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
405 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
406 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
407 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
408 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
409 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
410 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
411 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
412 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
413 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFD]
414 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
415 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
416 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
417 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
420 ------------------------
422 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
423 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
424 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
426 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
427 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
429 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
430 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
431 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
433 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
434 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
435 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
437 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
439 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
440 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
441 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
443 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
444 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
446 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
447 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
449 BSD Release Announcements collection.
450 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
452 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
453 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
455 UNIX history graphing project
456 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
459 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
461 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
462 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
463 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
469 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
470 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
472 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
475 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
476 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree