share/misc/bsd-family-tree

   1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
   2 ---------------------------------------------
   3
   4 First Edition (V1)
   5      |
   6 Second Edition (V2)
   7      |
   8 Third Edition (V3)
   9      |
  10 Fourth Edition (V4)
  11      |
  12 Fifth Edition (V5)
  13      |
  14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
  15        \                |
  16         \               |
  17          \              |
  18 Seventh Edition (V7)    |
  19             \           |
  20              \        1BSD
  21              32V        |
  22                \      2BSD---------------*
  23                 \    /                   |
  24                  \  /                    |
  25                   \/                     |
  26                  3BSD                    |
  27                   |                      |
  28                4.0BSD               2.7.9BSD
  29                   |                      |
  30                4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
  31                   |                      |
  32               4.1aBSD -----------\       |
  33                   |                \     |
  34               4.1bBSD                \   |
  35                   |                    \ |
  36       *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
  37      /            |                      |
  38 Eighth Edition    |                   2.9BSD-Seismo
  39      |            |                      |
  40      +----<--- 4.2BSD               2.9.1BSD
  41      |            |                      |
  42      +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
  43      |            |               /      |
  44 Ninth Edition     |              / 2.10.1BSD
  45      |         4.3BSD Tahoe-----+        |
  46      |            |              \       |
  47      |            |                \     |
  48      v            |                  2.11BSD
  49 Tenth Edition     |                      |
  50                   |                  2.11BSD rev #430
  51                4.3BSD NET/1              |
  52                   |                      v
  53                4.3BSD Reno
  54                   |
  55    *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
  56    |                    |                      |             |
  57 386BSD 0.0              |                      |           BSD/386 ALPHA
  58    |                    |                      |             |
  59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+                      |           BSD/386 0.3.[13]
  60    |     \              |                  4.4BSD Alpha      |
  61    |     386BSD 1.0     |                      |           BSD/386 0.9.[34]
  62    |                    |                  4.4BSD            |
  63    |                    |                    / |             |
  64    |                    |   4.4BSD-Encumbered  |             |
  65    |                 NetBSD 0.8                |           BSD/386 1.0
  66    |                    |                      |             |
  67 FreeBSD 1.0          NetBSD 0.9                |           BSD/386 1.1
  68    |                    |           .----- 4.4BSD Lite       |
  69 FreeBSD 1.1             |          /   /       |     \       |
  70    |                    |         /   /        |      \      |
  71 FreeBSD 1.1.5       .---|--------'   /         |       \     |
  72    |               /    |           /          |        \    |
  73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1   /     |          /           |         \   |
  74    |             /   NetBSD 1.0 <-'            |          \  |
  75    |            /       |                      |           \ |
  76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--'        |                      |           BSD/OS 2.0
  77    |                     \                     |             |
  78 FreeBSD 2.0.5             \                    |           BSD/OS 2.0.1
  79    |                 .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2       |
  80    |                 |      \             |  |   |   |       |
  81    |                 | .-----|------Rhapsody |   |   |       |
  82    |                 | |     |        NetBSD 1.3 |   |       |
  83    |                 | |     |           OpenBSD 2.3 |       |
  84    |                 | |     |                BSD/OS 3.0     |
  85 FreeBSD 2.1          | |     |                               |
  86  |   |               | |  NetBSD 1.1 ------.               BSD/OS 2.1
  87  | FreeBSD 2.1.5     | |     |              \                |
  88  |     |             | |  NetBSD 1.2         \             BSD/OS 3.0
  89  | FreeBSD 2.1.6     | |     |  \          OpenBSD 2.0       |
  90  |     |             | |     |   \             |             |
  91  | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1   | |     |    \            |             |
  92  |     |             | |     |     \           |             |
  93  | FreeBSD 2.1.7     | |     |      |          |             |
  94  |     |             | |     |  NetBSD 1.2.1   |             |
  95  | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1   | |     |                 |             |
  96  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  97  |                   | |     |                 |             |
  98  *-FreeBSD 2.2       | |     |                 |             |
  99  |        \          | |     |                 |             |
 100  |     FreeBSD 2.2.1 | |     |                 |             |
 101  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 102  |     FreeBSD 2.2.2 | |     |             OpenBSD 2.1       |
 103  |         |         | |     |                 |             |
 104  |     FreeBSD 2.2.5 | |     |                 |             |
 105  |         |         | |     |             OpenBSD 2.2       |
 106  |         |         | |  NetBSD 1.3           |             |
 107  |     FreeBSD 2.2.6 | |     |    |            |             |
 108  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.1    |           BSD/OS 3.1
 109  |         |         | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.3       |
 110  |         |         | |     | NetBSD 1.3.2    |             |
 111  |     FreeBSD 2.2.7 | |     |    |            |             |
 112  |         |         | |     |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.0
 113  |         v         | |     |    |            |             |
 114  |     FreeBSD 2.2.8 | |     |    |            |             |
 115  |                   | |     |    |        OpenBSD 2.4       |
 116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* |     |    v            |             |
 117  |                     |     | NetBSD 1.3.3    |             |
 118  *---FreeBSD 3.1       |     |                 |             |
 119  |       |             |     |                 |           BSD/OS 4.0.1
 120  |   FreeBSD 3.2----*  |  NetBSD 1.4       OpenBSD 2.5       |
 121  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 122  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 123  |       |          |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 124  |   FreeBSD 3.3    |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.1    |             |
 125  |       |          |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.6       |
 126  |   FreeBSD 3.4    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 127  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.1
 128 FreeBSD 4.0  |      |  |  |  | NetBSD 1.4.2    |             |
 129  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 130  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 131  |   FreeBSD 3.5    |  |  |  |    |        OpenBSD 2.7       |
 132  |           |      |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 133  |   FreeBSD 3.5.1  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 134  |                  |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 135  *---FreeBSD 4.1    |  |  |  |    |            |             |
 136  |      |           |  | (?) |    |            |             |
 137  |   FreeBSD 4.1.1  |  |  /  |    |            |             |
 138  |      |           |  | /   |    |            |             |
 139  |   FreeBSD 4.2   Darwin/   | NetBSD 1.4.3    |             |
 140  |      |         Mac OS X   |    |        OpenBSD 2.8     BSD/OS 4.2
 141  |      |             |      |    v            |             |
 142  |      |             |      |                 |             |
 143  |      |           10.0  NetBSD 1.5           |             |
 144  |   FreeBSD 4.3      |      |    |            |             |
 145  |      |             |      |    |        OpenBSD 2.9       |
 146  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.5.1    |             |
 147  |      |             |      |    |            |             |
 148  |   FreeBSD 4.4-.    |      | NetBSD 1.5.2    |             |
 149  |      |        | Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 150  |      |        |   10.1    |    |        OpenBSD 3.0       |
 151  |   FreeBSD 4.5 |    |      |    |            |             |
 152  |      |         \   |      |    |            |           BSD/OS 4.3
 153  |   FreeBSD 4.6   \  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.1       |
 154  |      |           \ |      | NetBSD 1.5.3    |             |
 155  |   FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X  |    |            |             |
 156  |      |            10.2    |    v            |             |
 157  |   FreeBSD 4.7      |      |                 |             |
 158  |      |             |   NetBSD 1.6       OpenBSD 3.2       |
 159  |   FreeBSD 4.8      |      |    |            |             |
 160  |      |             |      | NetBSD 1.6.1    |             |
 161  |      |--------.    |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.3     BSD/OS 5.0
 162  |      |         \   |      |    |            |             |
 163  |   FreeBSD 4.9   |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.4     BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
 164  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 165  |      |          |  |      | NetBSD 1.6.2    |
 166  |      |          |  |      |    |            |
 167  |      |          |  |      |    |        OpenBSD 3.5
 168  |      |          |  |      |    v            |
 169  |   FreeBSD 4.10  |  |      |                 |
 170  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 171  |   FreeBSD 4.11  |  |      |                 |
 172  |      |          |  |      |                 |
 173  |      v           `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
 174  |                    |      |                 |                      \
 175 FreeBSD 5.0           |      |                 |                       |
 176  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 177 FreeBSD 5.1           |      |                 |                  DragonFly 1.0
 178  |          \         |      |                 |                       |
 179  |           ----- Mac OS X  |                 |                       |
 180  |                   10.3    |                 |                       |
 181 FreeBSD 5.2           |      |                 |                       |
 182  |      |             |      |                 |                       |
 183  |   FreeBSD 5.2.1    |      |                 |                       |
 184  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 185  *---FreeBSD 5.3      |      |                 |                       |
 186  |      |             |      |             OpenBSD 3.6                 |
 187  |      v             |   NetBSD 2.0           |                       |
 188  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 189 FreeBSD 6 -current    |  NetBSD -current  OpenBSD -current             |
 190  |                    |      |                 |                       |
 191  v                    v      v                 v                       v
 192
 193 Time
 194 ----------------
 195
 196 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
 197 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
 198
 199 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
 200         and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
 201         the 4.4BSD Operating System.
 202 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
 203 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
 204 [DFD] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
 205 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
 206 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
 207 [KB]  Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
 208         Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
 209 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
 210         comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
 211 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
 212         Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
 213         Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
 214 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
 215 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
 216 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
 217 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
 218 [USE] Usenet announcement.
 219 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
 220 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
 221
 222 Multics                 1965
 223 UNIX                    Summer 1969
 224                                 DEC PDP-7
 225 First   Edition         1971-11-03 [QCU]
 226                                 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
 227 Second  Edition         1972-06-12 [QCU]
 228                                 10 UNIX installations
 229 Third   Edition         1973-02-xx [QCU]
 230                                 Pipes, 16 installations
 231 Fourth  Edition         1973-11-xx [QCU]
 232                                 rewriting in C effected,
 233                                 above 30 installations
 234 Fifth   Edition         1974-06-xx [QCU]
 235                                 above 50 installations
 236 Sixth   Edition         1975-05-xx [QCU]
 237                                 port to DEC Vax
 238 Seventh Edition         1979-01-xx [QCU]
 239                                 first portable UNIX
 240 Eighth  Edition         1985-02-xx [QCU]
 241                                 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
 242                                 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
 243                                 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
 244                         scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
 245                         and networking part by the streams mechanism
 246
 247 Ninth   Edition         1986-09-xx [QCU]
 248 Tenth   Edition         1989-10-xx [QCU]
 249
 250 1BSD                    late 1977
 251                         1978-03-09 [QCU]
 252                                 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
 253                                 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
 254                                 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
 255 2BSD                    mid 1978 [QCU]
 256                                 75 2BSD tapes shipped
 257 2.7.9BSD                ?? [SMS]
 258 2.8BSD                  1981-07-xx [KSJ]
 259
 260 2.8.1BSD                1982-01-xx [QCU]
 261                                 set of performance improvements
 262 2.9BSD                  1983-07-xx [KSJ]
 263 2.9.1BSD                1983-11-xx
 264 2.9BSD-Seismo           1985-08-xx [SMS]
 265 2.10BSD                 1987-04-xx [KKK]
 266 2.10.1BSD               1989-01-xx [SMS]
 267 2.11BSD                 1992-02-xx [SMS]
 268 2.11BSD rev #430        1999-12-13 [SMS]
 269
 270 32V                     1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
 271 3BSD                    late 1979 [QCU]
 272                                 virtual memory, page replacement,
 273                                 demand paging
 274 4.0BSD                  1980-10-xx
 275 4.1BSD                  1981-07-08 [DOC]
 276 4.1aBSD                 1982-04-xx
 277                                 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
 278 4.1bBSD                         internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
 279 4.1cBSD                 late 1982
 280                                 beta release, IPC [44B]
 281 4.2BSD                  1983-09-xx [QCU]
 282                         1983-08-03 [DOC]
 283 4.3BSD                  1986-06-xx [QCU]
 284                         1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
 285 4.3BSD Tahoe            1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
 286 4.3BSD NET/1            1988-11-xx [QCU]
 287                         1989-01-01 [DOC]
 288 4.3BSD Reno             1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
 289 4.3BSD NET/2            1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
 290
 291 BSD/386 ALPHA           1991-12-xx [BSDI]
 292                                 first code released to people outside BSDI
 293 386BSD 0.0              1992-02-xx [DOC]
 294 BSD/386 0.3.1           1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
 295 BSD/386 0.3.3           1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
 296 386BSD 0.1              1992-07-28 [DOC]
 297 4.4BSD Alpha            1992-07-07
 298 BSD/386 0.9.3           1992-10-xx [BSDI]
 299                                 first external gamma; G customers
 300 BSD/386 0.9.4           1992-12-xx [BSDI]
 301                                 would have been 1.0 except for request
 302                                 for preliminary injunction
 303 BSD/386 1.0             1993-03-xx [BSDI]
 304                                 injunction denied; first official release
 305 NetBSD 0.8              1993-04-20 [NBD]
 306 4.4BSD                  1993-06-01 [USE]
 307 NetBSD 0.9              1993-08-23 [NBD]
 308 FreeBSD 1.0             1993-11-01 [FBD]
 309 BSD/386 1.1             1994-02-xx [BSDI]
 310 4.4BSD Lite             1994-03-01 [USE]
 311 FreeBSD 1.1             1994-04-xx [FBD]
 312 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1         1994-07-xx [FBD]
 313                                 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release.
 314 NetBSD 1.0              1994-10-26 [NBD]
 315 386BSD 1.0              1994-11-12 [USE]
 316 FreeBSD 2.0             1995-01-xx [FBD]
 317 BSD/OS 2.0              1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
 318 FreeBSD 2.0.5           1995-06-10 [FBD]
 319 BSD/OS 2.0.1            1995-06-xx [BSDI]
 320 4.4BSD Lite Release 2   1995-06-xx [44B]
 321                                 the true final distribution from the CSRG
 322 FreeBSD 2.1.0           1995-11-19 [FBD]
 323 NetBSD 1.1              1995-11-26 [NBD]
 324 BSD/OS 2.1              1996-01-xx [BSDI]
 325 FreeBSD 2.1.5           1996-07-14 [FBD]
 326 NetBSD 1.2              1996-10-04 [NBD]
 327 OpenBSD 2.0             1996-10-18 [OBD]
 328 FreeBSD 2.1.6           1996-11-16 [FBD]
 329 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1         1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
 330 Rhapsody                1997-xx-xx
 331 FreeBSD 2.1.7           1997-02-20 [FBD]
 332 BSD/OS 3.0              1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
 333 FreeBSD 2.2.0           1997-03-16 [FBD]
 334 FreeBSD 2.2.1           1997-03-25 [FBD]
 335 FreeBSD 2.2.2           1997-05-16 [FBD]
 336 NetBSD 1.2.1            1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
 337 OpenBSD 2.1             1997-06-01 [OBD]
 338 FreeBSD 2.2.5           1997-10-22 [FBD]
 339 OpenBSD 2.2             1997-12-01 [OBD]
 340 NetBSD 1.3              1998-01-04 [NBD]
 341 FreeBSD 2.2.6           1998-03-25 [FBD]
 342 NetBSD 1.3.1            1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
 343 BSD/OS 3.1              1998-03-xx [BSDI]
 344 OpenBSD 2.3             1998-05-19 [OBD]
 345 NetBSD 1.3.2            1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
 346 FreeBSD 2.2.7           1998-07-22 [FBD]
 347 BSD/OS 4.0              1998-08-xx [BSDI]
 348                                 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
 349 FreeBSD 3.0             1998-10-16 [FBD]
 350                                 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
 351                                 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
 352                                 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
 353 FreeBSD 2.2.8           1998-11-29 [FBD]
 354 OpenBSD 2.4             1998-12-01 [OBD]
 355 NetBSD 1.3.3            1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
 356 FreeBSD 3.1             1999-02-15 [FBD]
 357 BSD/OS 4.0.1            1999-03-xx [BSDI]
 358 NetBSD 1.4              1999-05-12 [NBD]
 359 FreeBSD 3.2             1999-05-17 [FBD]
 360 OpenBSD 2.5             1999-05-19 [OBD]
 361 NetBSD 1.4.1            1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
 362 FreeBSD 3.3             1999-09-17 [FBD]
 363 OpenBSD 2.6             1999-12-01 [OBD]
 364 FreeBSD 3.4             1999-12-20 [FBD]
 365 BSD/OS 4.1              1999-12-xx [BSDI]
 366 FreeBSD 4.0             2000-03-13 [FBD]
 367 NetBSD 1.4.2            2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
 368 OpenBSD 2.7             2000-06-15 [OBD]
 369 FreeBSD 3.5             2000-06-24 [FBD]
 370 FreeBSD 4.1             2000-07-27 [FBD]
 371 FreeBSD 3.5.1           2000-07-28 [FBD]
 372 FreeBSD 4.1.1           2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
 373 FreeBSD 4.2             2000-11-21 [FBD]
 374 NetBSD 1.4.3            2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
 375 BSD/OS 4.2              2000-11-29 [BSDI]
 376 OpenBSD 2.8             2000-12-01 [OBD]
 377 NetBSD 1.5              2000-12-06 [NBD]
 378 Mac OS X 10.0           2001-03-24 [APL]
 379 FreeBSD 4.3             2001-04-20 [FBD]
 380 OpenBSD 2.9             2001-06-01 [OBD]
 381 NetBSD 1.5.1            2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
 382 NetBSD 1.5.2            2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
 383 FreeBSD 4.4             2001-09-18 [FBD]
 384 Mac OS X 10.1           2001-09-29 [APL]
 385 OpenBSD 3.0             2001-12-01 [OBD]
 386 FreeBSD 4.5             2002-01-29 [FBD]
 387 BSD/OS 4.3              2002-03-14 [WRS]
 388 OpenBSD 3.1             2002-05-19 [OBD]
 389 FreeBSD 4.6             2002-06-15 [FBD]
 390 NetBSD 1.5.3            2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
 391 FreeBSD 4.6.2           2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
 392 Mac OS X 10.2           2002-08-23 [APL]
 393 NetBSD 1.6              2002-09-14 [NBD]
 394 FreeBSD 4.7             2002-10-08 [FBD]
 395 OpenBSD 3.2             2002-11-01 [OBD]
 396 FreeBSD 5.0             2003-01-17 [FBD]
 397                                 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
 398                                 -current, similar to 3.0.
 399 FreeBSD 4.8             2003-04-03 [FBD]
 400 NetBSD 1.6.1            2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
 401 OpenBSD 3.3             2003-05-01 [OBD]
 402 BSD/OS 5.0              2003-05-?? [WRS]
 403 FreeBSD 5.1             2003-06-09 [FBD]
 404 Mac OS X 10.3           2003-10-24 [APL]
 405 FreeBSD 4.9             2003-10-28 [FBD]
 406 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE          2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
 407 OpenBSD 3.4             2003-11-01 [OBD]
 408 FreeBSD 5.2             2004-01-12 [FBD]
 409 FreeBSD 5.2.1           2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
 410 NetBSD 1.6.2            2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
 411 OpenBSD 3.5             2004-04-01 [OBD]
 412 FreeBSD 4.10            2004-05-27 [FBD]
 413 DragonFly 1.0           2004-07-12 [DFD]
 414 OpenBSD 3.6             2004-10-29 [OBD]
 415 FreeBSD 5.3             2004-11-06 [FBD]
 416 NetBSD 2.0              2004-12-09 [NBD]
 417 FreeBSD 4.11            2005-01-25 [FBD]
 418
 419 Bibliography
 420 ------------------------
 421
 422 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
 423 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
 424 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
 425
 426 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
 427 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
 428
 429 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
 430 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
 431 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
 432
 433 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
 434 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
 435 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
 436
 437 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
 438
 439 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
 440 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
 441 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
 442
 443 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
 444 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable)
 445
 446 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
 447 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
 448
 449 BSD Release Announcements collection.
 450 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
 451
 452 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
 453 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
 454
 455 UNIX history graphing project
 456 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
 457
 458 UNIX history
 459 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
 460
 461 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
 462 URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
 463 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
 464
 465
 466 Acknowledgments
 467 ---------------
 468
 469 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
 470 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
 471
 472 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
 473
 474 --
 475 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
 476 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
 477
 478 $FreeBSD$