1 # @(#)bsd.README 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
4 This is the README file for the "include" files for the FreeBSD
5 source tree. The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are by
6 convention, named with the suffix ".mk". These files store several
7 build options and should be handled with caution.
9 Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
10 files for anything tricky.
12 There are two main types of make include files. One type is the generally
13 usable make include files, such as bsd.prog.mk and bsd.lib.mk. The other is
14 the internal make include files, such as bsd.files.mk and bsd.man.mk, which
15 can not/should not be used directly but are used by the other make include
16 files. In most cases it is only interesting to include bsd.prog.mk or
19 bsd.cpu.mk - sets CPU/arch-related variables
20 bsd.dep.mk - handle Makefile dependencies
21 bsd.doc.mk - building troff system documents
22 bsd.files.mk - install of general purpose files
23 bsd.incs.mk - install of include files
24 bsd.info.mk - building GNU Info hypertext system (depreciated)
25 bsd.init.mk - initialization for the make include files
26 bsd.kmod.mk - building loadable kernel modules
27 bsd.lib.mk - support for building libraries
28 bsd.libnames.mk - define library names
29 bsd.links.mk - install of links (sym/hard)
30 bsd.man.mk - install of manual pages and their links
31 bsd.nls.mk - build and install of NLS catalogs
32 bsd.obj.mk - creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
33 bsd.own.mk - define common variables
34 bsd.port.mk - building ports
35 bsd.port.post.mk - building ports
36 bsd.port.pre.mk - building ports
37 bsd.port.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories for ports
38 bsd.prog.mk - building programs from source files
39 bsd.progs.mk - build multiple programs from sources (depreciated)
40 bsd.snmpmod.mk - building modules for the SNMP daemon bsnmpd
41 bsd.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories
42 bsd.sys.mk - common settings used for building FreeBSD sources
43 bsd.test.mk - building test programs from source files
44 sys.mk - default rules for all makes
46 This file does not document bsd.port*.mk. They are documented in ports(7).
48 See also make(1), mkdep(1), style.Makefile(5) and `PMake - A
49 Tutorial', located in /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make.
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53 Random things worth knowing about this document:
55 If appropriate when documenting the variables the default value is
56 indicated using square brackets e.g. [gzip].
57 In some cases the default value depend on other values (e.g. system
58 architecture). In these cases the most common value is indicated.
60 This document contains some simple examples of the usage of the BSD make
61 include files. For more examples look at the makefiles in the FreeBSD
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66 RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:
68 The files are like C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
69 you'd expect. The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
70 used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".
72 One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
73 of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile. The reason for
74 this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
75 values of variables set in the Makefile. To make this work, remember that
76 the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:
83 the command "make a" will echo "a". To make things confusing, the SECOND
84 variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:
92 the command "make b" will echo "bar". This is for compatibility with the
93 way the V7 make behaved.
95 It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
96 multiple programs in a single directory. It's a lot easier to split up
97 the programs than to deal with the problem. Most of the agony comes from
98 making the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switch to a new
99 version of make. So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle
100 multiple architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff.
101 (Imake doesn't count.)
103 The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
104 for the source files. This file is read automatically by make after reading
107 The variable DESTDIR works as before. It's not set anywhere but will change
108 the tree where the file gets installed.
110 The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
111 the regular libraries. A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
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116 The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
117 environment or otherwise. You probably don't want to touch this file.
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121 The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
124 It has three targets:
129 install the manual pages and their links.
131 verify the validity of manual pages.
133 It sets/uses the following variables:
135 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
143 MANSUBDIR Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "/vax"
144 or "/tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.
146 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
148 MLINKS List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix). The
149 linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
150 and there may be multiple pairs. The files are hard-linked.
152 The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
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157 The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains the owners, groups, etc. for both
158 manual pages and binaries.
162 It sets/uses the following variables:
170 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
178 This file is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
179 they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.
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183 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
184 more source files, along with their manual pages. It has a limited number
185 of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.
187 It has seven targets:
190 build the program and its manual page
192 remove the program and any object files.
194 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
195 well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
197 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
198 them in the file .depend.
200 install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
201 does not itself define the target install, the targets
202 beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
203 actions immediately before and after the install target
206 run lint on the source files
208 create a tags file for the source files.
210 It sets/uses the following variables:
218 CLEANFILES Additional files to remove and
219 CLEANDIRS additional directories to remove during clean and cleandir
220 targets. "rm -f" and "rm -rf" used respectively.
222 CFLAGS Flags to the compiler when creating C objects.
224 FILES A list of non-executable files.
225 The installation is controlled by the FILESNAME, FILESOWN,
226 FILESGRP, FILESMODE, FILESDIR variables that can be
227 further specialized by FILES<VAR>_<file>.
229 LDADD Additional loader objects. Usually used for libraries.
230 For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
233 LDADD=-lutil -lcompat
235 LDFLAGS Additional loader flags. Passed to the loader via CC,
236 since that's used to link programs as well, so loader
237 specific flags need to be prefixed with -Wl, to work.
239 LINKS The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
240 linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
241 file. The files are hard-linked. For example, to link
242 /bin/test and /bin/[, use:
244 LINKS= ${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[
246 MAN Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9). If no MAN variable
247 is defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.
249 PROG The name of the program to build. If not supplied, nothing
252 PROG_CXX If defined, the name of the program to build. Also
253 causes <bsd.prog.mk> to link the program with the
254 standard C++ library. PROG_CXX overrides the value
255 of PROG if PROG is also set.
257 PROGNAME The name that the above program will be installed as, if
258 different from ${PROG}.
260 SRCS List of source files to build the program. If SRCS is not
261 defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c or, if PROG_CXX is
262 defined, ${PROG_CXX}.cc.
264 DPADD Additional dependencies for the program. Usually used for
265 libraries. For example, to depend on the compatibility and
266 utility libraries use:
268 DPADD=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}
270 There is a predefined identifier for each (non-profiled,
271 non-shared) library and object. Library file names are
272 transformed to identifiers by removing the extension and
273 converting to upper case.
275 There are no special identifiers for profiled or shared
276 libraries or objects. The identifiers for the standard
277 libraries are used in DPADD. This works correctly iff all
278 the libraries are built at the same time. Unfortunately,
279 it causes unnecessary relinks to shared libraries when
280 only the static libraries have changed. Dependencies on
281 shared libraries should be only on the library version
284 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
285 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
286 own install script so that the entire system can be made
287 stripped/not-stripped using a single nob.
289 SUBDIR A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
290 Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
293 SCRIPTS A list of interpreter scripts [file.{sh,csh,pl,awk,...}].
294 The installation is controlled by the SCRIPTSNAME, SCRIPTSOWN,
295 SCRIPTSGRP, SCRIPTSMODE, SCRIPTSDIR variables that can be
296 further specialized by SCRIPTS<VAR>_<script>.
298 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
299 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
301 Some simple examples:
303 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:
307 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
309 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:
313 If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:
317 If foo has multiple source files, add the line:
319 SRCS= a.c b.c c.c d.c
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323 The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
324 subdirectories. It has the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean,
325 cleandir, depend, install, lint, and tags. For all of the directories
326 listed in the variable SUBDIRS, the specified directory will be visited
327 and the target made. There is also a default target which allows the
328 command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in the variable
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333 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries. It has
334 the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
335 install, lint, and tags. It has a limited number of suffixes, consistent
336 with the current needs of the BSD tree.
338 It sets/uses the following variables:
340 LIB The name of the library to build.
342 LIB_CXX The name of the library to build. It also causes
343 <bsd.lib.mk> to link the library with the
344 standard C++ library. LIB_CXX overrides the value
345 of LIB if LIB is also set.
347 LIBDIR Target directory for libraries.
349 LINTLIBDIR Target directory for lint libraries.
351 LIBGRP Library group.
353 LIBOWN Library owner.
355 LIBMODE Library mode.
357 LDADD Additional loader objects.
359 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
361 SRCS List of source files to build the library. Suffix types
362 .s, .c, and .f are supported. Note, .s files are preferred
363 to .c files of the same name. (This is not the default for
366 SHLIB_LDSCRIPT Template file to generate shared library linker script.
367 Unless used, a simple symlink is created to the real
370 LIBRARIES_ONLY Do not build or install files other than the library.
372 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
373 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
375 It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
378 Libraries are ranlib'd before installation.
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382 The include file <bsd.test.mk> handles building one or more test programs
383 intended to be used in the FreeBSD Test Suite under /usr/tests/.
385 It has seven targets:
388 build the test programs.
390 remove the test programs and any object files.
392 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
393 well as .depend and tags.
395 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
396 them in the file .depend.
398 install the test programs and their data files; if the
399 Makefile does not itself define the target install, the
400 targets beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used
401 to cause actions immediately before and after the
402 install target is executed.
404 run lint on the source files.
406 create a tags file for the source files.
408 runs the test programs from the object directory; if the
409 Makefile does not itself define the target test, the
410 targets beforetest and aftertest may also be used to
411 cause actions immediately before and after the test
414 It sets/uses the following variables, among many others:
416 TESTDIR Path to the installed tests. Must be a subdirectory of
417 TESTSBASE and the subpath should match the relative
418 location of the tests within the src tree.
420 KYUAFILE If 'auto' (the default), generate a Kyuafile out of the
421 test programs defined in the Makefile. If 'yes', then a
422 manually-crafted Kyuafile must be supplied with the
423 sources. If 'no', no Kyuafile is installed (useful for
424 subdirectories providing helper programs or data files
427 ATF_TESTS_C The names of the ATF C test programs to build.
429 ATF_TESTS_CXX The names of the ATF C++ test programs to build.
431 ATF_TESTS_SH The names of the ATF sh test programs to build.
433 PLAIN_TESTS_C The names of the plain (legacy) programs to build.
435 PLAIN_TESTS_CXX The names of the plain (legacy) test programs to build.
437 PLAIN_TESTS_SH The names of the plain (legacy) test programs to build.
440 Path to the Perl interpreter to be used for
441 TAP-compliant test programs that are written in Perl.
442 Refer to TAP_TESTS_PERL for details.
444 TAP_TESTS_C The names of the TAP-compliant C test programs to build.
446 TAP_TESTS_CXX The names of the TAP-compliant C++ test programs to
449 TAP_TESTS_PERL The names of the TAP-compliant Perl test programs to
450 build. The corresponding source files should end with
451 the .pl extension; the test program is marked as
452 requiring Perl; and TAP_PERL_INTERPRETER is used in the
453 built scripts as the interpreter of choice.
455 TAP_TESTS_SH The names of the TAP-compliant sh test programs to
458 TESTS_SUBDIRS List of subdirectories containing tests into which to
459 recurse. Differs from SUBDIR in that these directories
460 get registered into the automatically-generated
464 If defined, none of the built test programs get
465 installed under /usr/tests/ and no Kyuafile is
466 automatically generated. Should not be used within the
467 FreeBSD source tree but is provided for the benefit of
470 The actual building of the test programs is performed by <bsd.prog.mk>.
471 Please see the documentation above for this other file for additional
472 details on the behavior of <bsd.test.mk>.