3 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
4 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
5 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
6 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
9 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
10 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
13 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
15 # Except for the French entries,
16 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
17 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
19 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
20 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
21 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
22 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
23 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
24 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
25 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
26 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
27 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
28 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
29 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
31 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
32 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
33 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
34 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
35 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
36 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
37 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
38 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
39 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
40 Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S
41 Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
43 Rule ChileAQ 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
45 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
46 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
47 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
50 # Argentina - year-round bases
51 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
52 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
53 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
54 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
55 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
56 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
57 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
59 # Australia - territories
60 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
61 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
62 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
63 # Margaret Turner reports
64 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
65 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
68 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
69 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
70 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
71 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
72 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
73 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
74 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
75 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
76 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
79 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
80 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
82 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
83 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
85 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
86 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
88 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
89 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
92 # Brazil - year-round base
93 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
95 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
96 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
97 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
98 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
99 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
100 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
101 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
103 # China - year-round bases
104 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
105 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
107 # France - year-round bases
109 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
110 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
111 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
112 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
113 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
116 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
118 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
119 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
120 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
121 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
123 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
124 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
127 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
128 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
130 # year-round base in the main continent
131 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
133 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
134 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
137 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
138 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
140 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
142 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
143 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
146 # Germany - year-round base
147 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
149 # India - year-round base
150 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
152 # Japan - year-round bases
153 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
154 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
156 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
157 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
159 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
160 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
161 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
162 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
163 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
164 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
166 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
167 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
170 # S Korea - year-round base
171 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
173 # New Zealand - claims
174 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
175 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
178 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
180 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
181 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
182 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
183 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
184 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
185 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
186 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
187 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
188 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
190 # Norway - territories
191 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
194 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
196 # Poland - year-round base
197 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
199 # Russia - year-round bases
200 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
201 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
202 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
203 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
204 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
205 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
207 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
208 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
209 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
210 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
211 # time as Moscow, Russia.
213 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
214 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
215 # what they had to say about time there:
216 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
217 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
218 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
219 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
220 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
222 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
223 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
224 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
225 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
226 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
227 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
228 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
229 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
231 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
232 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
234 # S Africa - year-round bases
235 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
240 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
241 # South Orkney Islands
242 # scientific station from 1903
243 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
244 # South Shetland Islands
247 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
248 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
249 # scientific station 1943/1967,
250 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
251 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
252 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
253 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
254 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
255 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
257 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
258 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
261 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
262 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
264 # Uruguay - year round base
265 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
267 # USA - year-round bases
269 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
271 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
272 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
273 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
274 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
275 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
276 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
280 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
281 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
285 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
290 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
292 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
293 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
294 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
296 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
297 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
298 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
299 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
300 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
301 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
302 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
305 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
306 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
307 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
308 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
309 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
310 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
311 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
312 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
313 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
314 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
316 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole