4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32 # Corrections are welcome!
35 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
42 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
49 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59 ###############################################################################
61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
86 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
143 # British Indian Ocean Territory
144 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
179 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
181 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
188 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
192 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193 # 1987 mid-April - ??
195 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205 # pre-1980 time zones.
207 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
218 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
219 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
220 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
221 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
222 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
223 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
224 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
229 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
230 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
233 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
234 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
235 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
237 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
238 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
239 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
242 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
243 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
247 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
250 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
251 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
252 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
253 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
254 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
255 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
256 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
257 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
258 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
259 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
260 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
261 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
262 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
263 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
269 ###############################################################################
273 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
274 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
275 # have any other information.
277 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
278 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
279 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
280 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
281 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
282 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
283 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
284 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
285 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
286 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
287 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
288 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
290 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
293 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
294 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
295 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
296 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
297 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
298 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
299 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
300 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
301 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
302 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
303 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
304 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
305 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
306 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
307 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
308 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
309 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
310 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
311 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
315 ###############################################################################
318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
319 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
320 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
321 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
322 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
323 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
324 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
325 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
326 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
327 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
329 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
330 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
332 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
334 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
335 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
336 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
339 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
340 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
341 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
342 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
343 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
345 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
346 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
347 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
348 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
350 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
352 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
353 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
354 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
355 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
356 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
357 # of integration into Europe.
359 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
360 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
361 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
362 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
363 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
364 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
365 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
366 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
367 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
370 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
371 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
372 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
373 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
374 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
375 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
376 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
377 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
378 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
379 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
380 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
381 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
386 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
387 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
388 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
389 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
390 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
391 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
392 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
393 # conflicts with their way of life.
395 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
396 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
397 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
399 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
400 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
402 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
403 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
404 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
405 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
408 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
409 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
411 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
412 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
417 Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
418 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
419 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
421 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
423 # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
425 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
430 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
431 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
432 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
433 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
434 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
437 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
438 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
439 # but this must be a typo.
440 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
441 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
442 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
448 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
449 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
450 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
455 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
457 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
458 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
459 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
462 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
469 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
470 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
471 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
473 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
474 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
476 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
478 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
479 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
480 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
481 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
482 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
483 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
485 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
486 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
487 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
490 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
492 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
493 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
494 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
495 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
496 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
497 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
499 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
500 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
501 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
502 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
503 # plan to change that law....
505 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
506 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
507 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
508 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
509 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
510 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
512 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
513 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
514 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
515 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
516 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
517 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
518 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
519 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
520 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
521 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
522 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
523 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
524 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
526 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
527 # The above comments about post-2006 transitions may become relevant again,
528 # if Iran ever resuscitates DST, so we'll leave the comments in.
530 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
531 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
532 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
534 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
535 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
536 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
537 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
538 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
539 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
540 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
541 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
542 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
543 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
544 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
545 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
546 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
547 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
548 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
549 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
550 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
551 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
552 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
553 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
555 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
556 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
564 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
565 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
566 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
567 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
568 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
570 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
571 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
572 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
573 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
574 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
576 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
579 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
580 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
581 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
582 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
583 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
584 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
585 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
586 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
588 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
589 Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
590 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
591 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
592 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
597 ###############################################################################
601 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
603 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
604 # different abbreviations in use:
606 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
607 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
608 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
610 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
611 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
612 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
613 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
614 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
615 # settings in Israeli computers.
617 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
618 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
619 # family is from India).
621 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
622 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
623 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
627 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
628 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
629 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
630 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
631 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
632 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
633 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
634 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
635 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
637 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
639 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
640 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
641 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
642 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
643 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
644 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
645 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
646 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
647 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
648 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
649 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
650 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
651 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
653 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
657 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
658 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
659 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
660 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
661 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
662 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
664 # From Ephraim Silverberg
665 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
668 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
669 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
670 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
671 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
672 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
673 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
674 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
675 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
676 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
677 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
678 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
679 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
680 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
681 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
682 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
683 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
684 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
685 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
686 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
687 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
688 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
689 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
691 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
692 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
693 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
694 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
695 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
696 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
697 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
698 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
699 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
700 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
701 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
703 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
704 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
705 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
707 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
708 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
709 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
710 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
711 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
713 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
714 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
715 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
717 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
719 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
721 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
723 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
725 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
727 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
728 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
730 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
732 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
734 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
737 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
738 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
739 # years 2001-2004 as well.
741 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
743 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
745 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
746 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
748 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
750 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
751 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
753 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
755 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
757 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
759 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
762 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
763 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
764 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
765 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
766 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
768 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
770 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
772 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
773 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
774 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
775 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
776 # to generate the transitions in this list.
777 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
778 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
780 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
782 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
783 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
784 # springtime transitions explicitly.
786 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
787 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
788 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
789 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
790 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
791 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
792 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
793 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
794 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
795 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
796 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
797 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
798 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
799 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
800 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
801 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
802 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
803 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
804 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
805 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
806 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
807 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
808 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
809 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
810 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
811 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
812 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
813 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
814 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
815 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
817 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
818 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
819 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
820 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
821 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
822 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
823 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
824 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
825 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
826 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
827 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
828 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
832 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
833 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
838 ###############################################################################
842 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
844 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
845 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
846 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
847 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
849 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
850 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
851 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
852 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
853 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
854 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
855 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
856 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
857 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
858 # wanted to keep it.)
860 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
861 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
862 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
863 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
864 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
865 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
866 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
867 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
868 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
869 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
870 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
872 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
873 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
874 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
875 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
876 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
877 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
878 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
880 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
881 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
882 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
883 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
884 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
885 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
886 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
887 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
890 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
891 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
893 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
894 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
895 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
897 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
898 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
902 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
906 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
907 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
908 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
909 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
912 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
913 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
914 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
915 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
916 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
917 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
919 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
920 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
922 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
923 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
924 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
926 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
927 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
928 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
929 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
930 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
931 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
932 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
933 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
934 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
935 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
936 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
937 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
938 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
939 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
940 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
941 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
942 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
943 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
944 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
945 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
946 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
947 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
948 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
949 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
950 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
951 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
952 Rule Jordan 2005 max - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
953 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
960 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
961 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
962 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
963 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
964 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
965 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
968 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
969 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
970 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
971 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
973 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
974 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
975 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
977 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
978 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
980 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
981 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
982 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
984 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
985 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
986 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
987 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
988 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
989 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
990 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
991 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
992 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
995 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
997 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
998 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
999 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1000 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1002 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1004 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1005 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1006 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1007 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1008 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1009 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1010 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1011 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1012 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1013 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1015 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1016 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1017 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1018 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1019 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1020 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1021 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1022 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1023 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1026 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1027 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1028 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1029 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1031 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1032 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1033 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1034 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1035 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1036 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1039 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1040 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1041 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1042 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1043 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1044 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1045 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1046 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1047 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1050 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1051 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1053 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1054 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1055 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1056 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1057 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1058 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1059 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1060 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1062 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1063 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1064 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1065 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1066 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1067 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1068 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1069 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1070 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1071 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1072 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1075 ###############################################################################
1077 # Korea (North and South)
1080 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
1081 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know
1082 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
1084 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1085 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1086 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1087 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1088 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1089 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1091 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1092 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1096 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1097 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1100 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1104 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1105 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1108 ###############################################################################
1111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1112 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1117 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1118 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1124 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1125 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1126 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1127 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1128 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1129 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1130 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1131 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1132 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1133 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1134 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1135 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1136 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1137 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1138 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1139 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1140 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1141 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1142 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1143 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1144 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1145 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1146 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1147 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1148 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1150 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1154 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1155 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1156 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1158 # peninsular Malaysia
1159 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1160 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1162 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1163 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1164 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1165 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1166 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1167 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1168 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1169 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1170 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1172 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1173 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1174 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1176 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1177 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1178 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1179 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1180 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1185 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1186 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1187 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1191 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1192 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1193 # both say that it has just one.
1195 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1196 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1197 # General Information Mongolia
1199 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1200 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1201 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1204 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1205 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1206 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1207 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1208 # of implementation may have been different....
1209 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1210 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1211 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1213 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1214 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1215 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1216 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1217 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1218 # is good enough for our purposes.
1220 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1221 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1222 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1223 # there are three time zones.
1225 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1226 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1227 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1228 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1230 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1232 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1233 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1234 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1235 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1237 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1238 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1239 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1241 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1242 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1243 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1244 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1245 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1246 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1247 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1248 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1250 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1251 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1252 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1253 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1254 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1255 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1256 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1257 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1259 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1260 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1261 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1262 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1263 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1264 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1266 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1267 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1268 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1269 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1270 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1271 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1273 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1274 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1275 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1276 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1277 Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1278 Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1281 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1282 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1283 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1285 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1286 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1287 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1289 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1290 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1291 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1293 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1294 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time
1297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1298 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1300 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1303 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1304 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1309 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1310 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1311 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1312 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1313 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1314 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1316 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1317 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1318 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1319 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1320 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1321 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1322 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1323 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1324 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1325 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1326 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1328 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1329 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1330 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1332 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1333 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1334 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1336 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1337 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1338 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1339 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1341 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1342 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1345 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1346 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1347 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1349 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1351 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1352 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1353 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1354 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1358 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1360 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1361 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1362 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1364 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1365 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1366 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1369 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1370 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1371 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1372 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1373 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1376 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1377 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1378 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1379 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1380 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1382 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1383 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1384 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1385 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1386 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1389 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1391 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1392 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1393 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1394 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1395 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1397 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1400 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1401 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1402 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1403 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1404 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1405 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1406 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1407 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1408 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1409 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1410 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1412 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1413 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1415 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1416 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1417 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1418 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1420 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1421 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1422 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1424 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1425 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1426 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1427 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1428 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1430 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1431 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1433 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1434 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1435 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1436 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1437 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1439 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1440 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1441 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1442 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1443 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1444 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1445 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1446 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1448 Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1449 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1450 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1451 Rule Palestine 2005 max - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1454 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1455 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1456 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1458 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1459 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1465 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1466 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1467 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1468 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1469 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1471 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1472 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1473 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1474 # rainy season begins. See
1475 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1476 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1478 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1479 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1480 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1481 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1484 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1485 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1486 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1487 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1488 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1489 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1490 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1491 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1492 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1493 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1494 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1499 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1500 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1506 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1510 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1511 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1513 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1514 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1515 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1516 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1517 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1518 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1519 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1520 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1521 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1528 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1529 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1530 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1531 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1532 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1533 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1535 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1537 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1538 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1540 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1541 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1543 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1544 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1545 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1546 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1548 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1549 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1550 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1551 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1552 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1553 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1554 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta',
1555 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1557 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1558 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1559 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1560 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1561 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1563 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1564 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1565 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1567 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1568 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1569 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1572 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1573 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1574 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1575 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1576 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1578 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1579 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1582 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1583 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1584 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
1586 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1587 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1588 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1589 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1590 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1591 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1592 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1593 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1594 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1598 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1599 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1600 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1601 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1602 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1603 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1604 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1605 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1606 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1607 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1608 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1609 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1610 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1611 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1612 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1613 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1614 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1615 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1616 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1617 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1618 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1619 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1620 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1621 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1622 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1623 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1624 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1625 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1626 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1627 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1628 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1629 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1630 # ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1631 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1632 Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1633 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1634 Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1636 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1640 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1641 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1642 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1643 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1644 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1645 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1646 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1649 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1650 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1651 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1655 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1656 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1657 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1658 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1659 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1660 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1661 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1664 # United Arab Emirates
1665 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1666 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1671 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1672 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1673 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1674 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1675 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
1676 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1677 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1679 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1680 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1681 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1682 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1683 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1688 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1689 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
1690 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
1692 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1694 Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1695 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1701 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1702 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
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