1 # @(#)northamerica 7.51
3 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
10 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
11 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
13 ###############################################################################
17 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
18 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
19 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
20 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
21 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
22 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
23 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
24 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
25 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
26 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
28 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
29 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
30 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
31 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
32 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
33 # It is the source for the US and Puerto Rico entries below.
35 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
36 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
37 # in his whimsical essay ``Turkey vs Eagle, McCauley is my Beagle'' (1784).
38 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
40 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
41 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
42 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
43 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
44 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
45 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
46 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
47 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
48 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
49 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
51 # -- Robertson Davies, The Diary of Samuel Marchbanks (1947), XIX, Sunday
53 # From Arthur David Olson:
54 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
55 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
56 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
58 # From Arthur David Olson:
59 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
60 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 W # War
64 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
65 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
66 Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
67 Rule US 1967 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
68 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
69 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
70 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
71 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
72 Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
73 # <a href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:h.r.00177:">
75 # </a> (introduced 1999-01-06) would change April to March in the above rule.
77 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
78 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
80 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
81 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
82 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
83 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
85 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
86 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
87 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
89 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
90 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
91 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
93 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
94 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
95 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
96 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
97 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
98 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
99 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
100 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
101 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
102 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
103 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
104 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
105 # USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
106 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
107 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
109 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
110 # The above dates are for 1988.
111 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
112 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
115 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
116 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
117 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
118 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
119 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
121 # United States standard eastern time
122 # United States standard mountain time
123 # United States standard central time
124 # United States standard Pacific time
126 # United States standard Alaska time
128 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
129 # public law 98-181):
130 # Atlantic standard time
131 # eastern standard time
132 # central standard time
133 # mountain standard time
134 # Pacific standard time
135 # Yukon standard time
136 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
137 # Bering standard time
138 # And after 1983-11-30:
139 # Atlantic standard time
140 # eastern standard time
141 # central standard time
142 # mountain standard time
143 # Pacific standard time
144 # Alaska standard time
145 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
146 # Samoa standard time
147 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
149 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
150 # Shanks uses 1983-10-30, not 1983-11-30, for the 1983 transitions.
153 # US Eastern time, represented by New York
154 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
155 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
156 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
157 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
158 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
159 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
168 # US Central time, represented by Chicago
169 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
170 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
171 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
172 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
173 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
174 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
175 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
177 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
179 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
180 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
181 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
183 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
186 # US Mountain time, represented by Denver
187 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
188 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
189 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
190 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
191 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
192 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
193 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
194 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
196 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
198 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
201 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
202 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
203 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
204 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
205 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
206 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
207 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
208 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
209 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
215 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
217 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
218 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
219 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
220 # This was on 1867-10-18. We omit this transition, since we can't represent
221 # changes from Julian to Gregorian.
223 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
224 Zone America/Juneau -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
228 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
230 Zone America/Yakutat -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
234 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
236 Zone America/Anchorage -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
238 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1946
239 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
241 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
243 Zone America/Nome -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
246 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
248 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
250 Zone America/Adak -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
253 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
255 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
257 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
258 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
259 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
260 # These switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
264 # From Arthur David Olson:
265 # And then there's Hawaii.
266 # DST was observed for one day in 1933;
267 # standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
268 # it's always standard as of 1986.
271 # Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks. Go with Shanks.
273 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1900 Jan 1 12:00
274 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
275 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 2:00
276 -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00
279 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
281 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
282 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
283 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
284 -7:00 - MST 1944 Mar 17 00:01
285 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
289 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
290 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
291 # notes in private correspondence dated 12/28/87 that "Presently, only the
292 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
293 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
294 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
296 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
298 # Southern Idaho and eastern Oregon switched four weeks late in 1974.
299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
300 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
301 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
303 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
308 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
309 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
310 # What time is it in Indiana?
313 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
314 # Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
315 # but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
316 # and in 1969 and 1970 the whole state observed daylight time;
317 # and there are other exceptions as noted below.
318 # Shanks partitions Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
319 # and writes ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
320 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
322 # Since 1970, EST-only Indiana has been like America/Indianapolis,
323 # with exceptions noted below for Crawford, Starke, and Switzerland counties.
324 # The parts of Indiana not listed below have been like America/Chicago,
325 # America/Louisville, or America/New_York.
327 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
328 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
329 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
331 # Most of EST-only Indiana last observed DST in 1970.
332 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
333 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
334 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
335 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
336 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
337 Zone America/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
339 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
341 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
342 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
343 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
347 Link America/Indianapolis America/Indiana/Indianapolis
349 # Part of Crawford County, Indiana, last observed DST in 1975,
350 # and left its clocks alone in 1974.
351 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
352 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
353 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
354 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
355 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
359 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
361 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
362 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
366 # Starke County, Indiana
367 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
368 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
369 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
371 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
372 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
373 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
374 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
375 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
376 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
380 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
381 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
382 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
385 # Switzerland County, Indiana, last observed DST in 1972.
386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
387 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
388 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
393 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
394 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
395 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
396 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
397 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
398 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
399 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
400 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
401 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
403 Zone America/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
405 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
407 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
409 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
410 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
412 # Wayne, Clinton, and Russell Counties, Kentucky
414 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-26945-filed">
415 # Federal Register Doc. 99-26945
416 # </a> (1999-10-14 08:45-04)
417 # In response to a petition by the Wayne County, Kentucky, Fiscal Court,
418 # the Department of Transportation (DOT) proposed to move Wayne County,
419 # Kentucky, from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone.... Now
420 # the earliest date that the proposed change might take effect is
424 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
425 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
426 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
427 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
428 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
429 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
430 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
431 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
432 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
433 # location in the Central time zone.
437 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
438 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
440 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
441 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
442 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
445 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
446 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
447 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
448 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
449 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
450 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
453 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
455 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
456 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
457 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
458 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
459 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
460 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
463 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
466 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
468 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
471 # The Michigan border with Wisconsin switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
472 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
473 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
474 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
475 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
476 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
477 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
478 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
480 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
481 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
485 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
486 # also claimed by Haiti
487 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
488 # US lighthouse 1917/1997-01
489 # currently uninhabited
490 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
491 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
492 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
494 # Old names, for S5 users
496 # Link LINK-FROM LINK-TO
497 Link America/New_York EST5EDT
498 Link America/Chicago CST6CDT
499 Link America/Denver MST7MDT
500 Link America/Los_Angeles PST8PDT
501 Link America/Indianapolis EST
502 Link America/Phoenix MST
503 Link Pacific/Honolulu HST
505 ################################################################################
508 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
509 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
510 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
511 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
513 # Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
514 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
515 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
516 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
517 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
519 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
520 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
522 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
523 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
524 # I found in the UCLA library.
526 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
530 # From Alain LaBont<e'> <ALB@immedia.ca> (1994-11-14):
531 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
532 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
534 # UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
535 # offset French English French English
546 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
547 # HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
549 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
550 # C: du Centre Central
551 # E: de l'Est Eastern
554 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
559 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-22):
560 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
562 # The data for Canada are all from Shanks.
565 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
566 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
567 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
568 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
569 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
570 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
571 Rule Canada 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
572 Rule Canada 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
575 # Newfoundland (except Labrador)
577 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
578 Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
579 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
580 Rule StJohns 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
581 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
582 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
583 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
584 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks.
585 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
586 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
587 # For 1936-1941 Shanks gives May Mon>=9 and Oct Mon>=2; go with Whitman.
588 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
589 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
590 # Shanks gives 1942 May 11 - 1945 Sep 30; go with Whitman.
591 Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
592 Rule StJohns 1942 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 S
593 Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 D
594 Rule StJohns 1943 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
595 Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 D
596 Rule StJohns 1944 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S
597 Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
598 Rule StJohns 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
599 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
600 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks.
601 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
602 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
603 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
604 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
605 Rule StJohns 1960 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
606 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
607 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 2:00 DD
608 Rule StJohns 1989 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
609 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
611 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
612 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
618 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
621 -3:30:52 StJohns NST 1919
622 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
624 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
628 # west Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
630 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
631 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax.
632 # Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
633 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
634 # Shanks also writes that Liverpool, NS was the only town in Canada to observe
635 # DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume this is a typo.
637 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
638 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
639 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
640 Rule Halifax 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
641 Rule Halifax 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
642 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
643 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
644 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
645 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
646 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
647 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
648 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
649 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
650 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
651 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
653 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
657 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
658 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
659 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
660 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
661 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
662 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
663 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
664 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
665 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
666 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
667 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
668 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
669 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
670 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
671 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
672 Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
673 Rule Halifax 1945 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
674 Rule Halifax 1946 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
675 Rule Halifax 1962 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
676 Rule Halifax 1962 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
677 Rule Halifax 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
678 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
679 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
681 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
682 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
683 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
690 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
691 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Montreal.
692 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
693 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
694 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
695 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
697 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
698 # msb@sq.com writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
699 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
700 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
701 # He also writes that the
702 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
703 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
705 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
706 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
707 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
708 # For what it's worth, Shanks says that Atikokan has agreed with
709 # Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.
711 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
712 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
713 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
714 Rule Mont 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
715 Rule Mont 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
716 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
717 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
718 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
719 Rule Mont 1920 only - Oct 3 2:30 0 S
720 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
721 Rule Mont 1921 only - Oct 2 2:30 0 S
722 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
723 Rule Mont 1922 only - Oct 1 2:30 0 S
724 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
725 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
726 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
728 Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep Sun>=25 0:00 0 S
729 Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr Sun>=25 0:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr Sun>=24 0:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
733 Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep Sun>=24 0:00 0 S
734 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
735 Rule Mont 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
736 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
737 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
738 Rule Mont 1957 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
739 Rule Mont 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
741 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
743 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
744 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
748 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
750 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:17:56 - LMT 1895
756 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
757 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
759 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
761 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
762 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
763 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
764 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
765 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
766 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
767 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
768 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
769 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
770 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
771 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
773 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
774 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
775 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
776 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
777 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
778 Rule Winn 1966 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
779 Rule Winn 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
787 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
788 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Regina.
789 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
790 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
792 # From W. Jones <jones@skdad.usask.ca> (1992-11-06):
793 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
794 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
795 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
796 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
798 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
799 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
800 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
801 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
803 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
804 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
805 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
806 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
807 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
808 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
809 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
811 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
812 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
813 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
814 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
815 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
816 # since sometime in the 1960s.
818 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
819 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
820 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
821 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
822 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
823 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
824 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
825 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
826 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
827 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
828 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
830 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
831 Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
832 Rule Regina 1947 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
833 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
835 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
836 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
837 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
838 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
839 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
841 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
842 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
844 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
845 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
846 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
847 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
853 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
854 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
856 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
857 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
858 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
859 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
860 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
861 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
862 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
863 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
864 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
865 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
866 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
867 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
868 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
869 Rule Edm 1972 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
870 Rule Edm 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
871 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
872 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
878 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
879 # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
880 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
882 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
883 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
884 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
885 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
886 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
887 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
888 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
889 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
890 Rule Vanc 1962 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
891 Rule Vanc 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
892 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
893 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
895 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
896 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
897 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
901 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
903 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
904 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
905 # Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
906 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
907 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
908 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
909 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
910 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
911 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
912 # Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.
914 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
915 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
916 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
917 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
920 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
921 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
922 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
924 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
925 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
926 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
927 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time,
928 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
929 # Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
930 # We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now,
931 # since we have no further info.
933 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
934 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
935 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
937 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
939 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
940 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
942 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
944 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
946 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
947 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
948 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
949 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
950 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
951 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
952 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
953 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
954 # the current state of affairs.
956 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
957 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
958 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
959 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
960 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
961 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
962 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
964 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
965 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
966 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
967 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
968 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
969 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
970 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
971 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
972 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
973 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
974 Rule NT_YK 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
975 Rule NT_YK 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
977 Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884
978 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
979 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
981 Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
982 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
984 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT 1884
986 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884
987 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
989 Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
991 Zone America/Inuvik -8:54:00 - LMT 1884
992 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
994 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
995 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
997 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
998 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
1002 ###############################################################################
1007 # Rules are from the Official Airline Guide, Worldwide Edition, for 1987.
1008 # Rules [before] 1987 are unknown.
1009 # The comments in the OAG say "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and Tijuana
1010 # observe DST." This is presumably Baja California Norte, above 28th parallel,
1011 # as listed there; [there is also] "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific
1012 # Coast (States of Sinaloa and Sonora)."
1014 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1015 # The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several
1016 # times but not recently.
1018 # I don't where to draw the line in the North Baja area. 28th latitude
1019 # sounds good -- but it may be higher (how far [d]o radio stations from
1020 # San Diego affect culture?).
1022 # The dates of DST probably go back to 1981. The rules are the same as
1023 # US's. This is going to be a headache for US presidential electi[o]n years!
1025 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13)
1026 # Since the 1981 starting date is only "probable," we'll keep the 1987
1027 # starting date below.
1029 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
1030 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND
1031 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES
1032 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA)
1033 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
1034 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29
1035 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3
1036 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29
1037 # MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO,
1038 # MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON,
1040 # MEXICO 5 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO,
1041 # MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON,
1042 # MEXICO TAMAULIPAS APR 3 - OCT 29
1043 # MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC GENERAL MEXICO, STATES OF
1044 # MEXICO CAMPECHE, QUINTANA ROO AND
1047 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
1048 # April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem.
1049 # USNO claims there should be four Mexican zones rather than three:
1050 # a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7;
1051 # a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6.
1053 # From Alan Perry <alan.perry@eng.sun.com> (1996-02-15):
1054 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
1055 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
1057 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
1059 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
1060 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
1062 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
1063 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
1064 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
1065 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
1067 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
1068 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
1073 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
1078 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
1080 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
1081 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
1082 # For an English translation of the decree, see
1083 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
1084 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
1087 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1088 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
1089 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
1091 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
1092 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
1093 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
1094 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
1095 # Arizona year round.
1098 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1099 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
1100 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
1101 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
1102 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
1103 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 D
1104 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
1105 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
1106 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
1107 Rule Mexico 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1108 Rule Mexico 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1110 Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1111 Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1114 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
1116 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
1117 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
1120 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
1121 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1122 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1123 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1124 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1125 -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
1128 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
1129 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1130 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1131 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1132 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1133 -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
1135 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
1136 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
1139 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
1140 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1141 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1142 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1143 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1144 -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
1145 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr
1146 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
1148 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
1150 # S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa
1151 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
1152 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1153 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1154 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1155 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1156 -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
1157 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr
1158 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
1162 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
1163 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1164 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
1165 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr
1166 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
1167 -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1976
1174 ###############################################################################
1177 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1178 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
1181 # Antigua and Barbuda
1182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1183 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
1188 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1189 Rule Bahamas 1964 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1190 Rule Bahamas 1964 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1191 Rule Bahamas 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1192 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1193 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
1197 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1198 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
1199 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1200 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
1201 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1202 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
1203 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1204 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
1205 -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
1209 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks.
1210 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1211 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
1212 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
1213 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
1214 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
1215 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
1216 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
1217 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1218 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
1222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1223 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
1224 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
1228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1229 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
1230 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
1234 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1235 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1236 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1237 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
1238 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; go with Shanks.
1239 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
1240 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
1241 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
1242 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1243 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
1244 -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
1247 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
1251 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
1252 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
1253 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
1254 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
1255 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
1256 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
1257 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
1258 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
1259 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
1260 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
1262 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1263 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
1264 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
1265 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1266 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1267 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1268 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1269 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1270 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1271 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
1272 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1273 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
1274 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1275 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1276 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1277 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
1278 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
1279 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
1280 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
1281 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1282 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
1283 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
1284 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
1285 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1286 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
1287 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
1288 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
1289 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
1290 Rule Cuba 1998 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
1291 Rule Cuba 2000 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
1293 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1294 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
1295 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
1299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1300 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
1303 # Dominican Republic
1304 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1305 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
1306 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
1307 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
1308 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
1309 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
1310 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
1311 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1312 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
1313 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
1314 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
1318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1319 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1320 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1321 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so we'll use `El Salvador'.
1322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1323 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
1327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1328 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
1332 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1333 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
1337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1338 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
1339 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
1340 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
1341 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1342 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
1343 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1345 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
1349 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1350 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
1351 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1352 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
1353 # Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s. Go with IATA.
1354 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1355 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1357 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
1358 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
1362 # Shanks says 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
1363 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1364 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
1367 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
1371 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1374 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
1375 # JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
1378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1379 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
1380 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
1381 -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
1386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1387 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
1388 -4:04 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
1389 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
1390 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
1394 # From Paul Eggert (1997-08-31):
1395 # Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
1396 # Luckily, Olveston, the current de facto capital, has the same longitude.
1397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1398 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Olveston
1403 # From Steffen Thorsen (1998-12-29):
1404 # Nicaragua seems to be back at -6:00 but I have not been able to find when
1405 # they changed from -5:00.
1407 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1408 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
1409 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
1410 Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D
1411 Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S
1412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1413 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
1414 -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time
1415 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
1416 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
1417 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00
1418 -5:00 - EST 1998 Dec
1422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1423 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
1424 -5:20 - PMT 1908 Apr 22 # Panama Mean Time
1428 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
1429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1430 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
1431 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
1432 -4:00 1:00 AWT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
1441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1442 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
1443 -4:04 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
1446 # St Pierre and Miquelon
1447 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
1448 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1449 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
1450 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
1451 -3:00 Mont PM%sT # Pierre & Miquelon Time
1453 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
1454 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1455 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
1456 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
1460 # From Paul Eggert (1998-08-06):
1461 # Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
1462 # says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM.
1463 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1464 Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1465 Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
1466 Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1467 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1468 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
1469 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
1473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1474 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
1478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1479 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
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