2 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
3 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 William Jolitz
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 John Dyson
7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
9 * Science Department, and William Jolitz.
11 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
20 * must display the following acknowledgement:
21 * This product includes software developed by the University of
22 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
23 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
24 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
25 * without specific prior written permission.
27 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
28 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
29 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
30 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
31 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
32 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
33 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
34 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
35 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
36 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39 * from: @(#)vm_machdep.c 7.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
40 * Utah $Hdr: vm_machdep.c 1.16.1.1 89/06/23$
43 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
44 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 #include "opt_compat.h"
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/systm.h>
54 #include <sys/kernel.h>
57 #include <sys/malloc.h>
59 #include <sys/mutex.h>
60 #include <sys/pioctl.h>
63 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
64 #include <sys/sysent.h>
65 #include <sys/unistd.h>
66 #include <sys/vnode.h>
67 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
69 #include <machine/cpu.h>
70 #include <machine/md_var.h>
71 #include <machine/pcb.h>
72 #include <machine/smp.h>
73 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
74 #include <machine/tss.h>
77 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
78 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
79 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
80 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
81 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
83 #include <isa/isareg.h>
85 static void cpu_reset_real(void);
87 static void cpu_reset_proxy(void);
88 static u_int cpu_reset_proxyid;
89 static volatile u_int cpu_reset_proxy_active;
92 _Static_assert(OFFSETOF_CURTHREAD == offsetof(struct pcpu, pc_curthread),
93 "OFFSETOF_CURTHREAD does not correspond with offset of pc_curthread.");
94 _Static_assert(OFFSETOF_CURPCB == offsetof(struct pcpu, pc_curpcb),
95 "OFFSETOF_CURPCB does not correspond with offset of pc_curpcb.");
96 _Static_assert(OFFSETOF_MONITORBUF == offsetof(struct pcpu, pc_monitorbuf),
97 "OFFSETOF_MONINORBUF does not correspond with offset of pc_monitorbuf.");
100 get_pcb_user_save_td(struct thread *td)
104 p = td->td_kstack + td->td_kstack_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
105 roundup2(cpu_max_ext_state_size, XSAVE_AREA_ALIGN);
106 KASSERT((p % XSAVE_AREA_ALIGN) == 0, ("Unaligned pcb_user_save area"));
107 return ((struct savefpu *)p);
111 get_pcb_user_save_pcb(struct pcb *pcb)
115 p = (vm_offset_t)(pcb + 1);
116 return ((struct savefpu *)p);
120 get_pcb_td(struct thread *td)
124 p = td->td_kstack + td->td_kstack_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
125 roundup2(cpu_max_ext_state_size, XSAVE_AREA_ALIGN) -
127 return ((struct pcb *)p);
131 alloc_fpusave(int flags)
134 struct savefpu_ymm *sf;
136 res = malloc(cpu_max_ext_state_size, M_DEVBUF, flags);
138 sf = (struct savefpu_ymm *)res;
139 bzero(&sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd, sizeof(sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd));
140 sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd.xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
146 * Finish a fork operation, with process p2 nearly set up.
147 * Copy and update the pcb, set up the stack so that the child
148 * ready to run and return to user mode.
151 cpu_fork(struct thread *td1, struct proc *p2, struct thread *td2, int flags)
155 struct mdproc *mdp1, *mdp2;
156 struct proc_ldt *pldt;
159 if ((flags & RFPROC) == 0) {
160 if ((flags & RFMEM) == 0) {
161 /* unshare user LDT */
164 if ((pldt = mdp1->md_ldt) != NULL &&
165 pldt->ldt_refcnt > 1 &&
166 user_ldt_alloc(p1, 1) == NULL)
167 panic("could not copy LDT");
168 mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
173 /* Ensure that td1's pcb is up to date. */
176 /* Point the pcb to the top of the stack */
177 pcb2 = get_pcb_td(td2);
181 bcopy(td1->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
183 /* Properly initialize pcb_save */
184 pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
185 bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td1), get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2),
186 cpu_max_ext_state_size);
188 /* Point mdproc and then copy over td1's contents */
190 bcopy(&p1->p_md, mdp2, sizeof(*mdp2));
193 * Create a new fresh stack for the new process.
194 * Copy the trap frame for the return to user mode as if from a
195 * syscall. This copies most of the user mode register values.
197 td2->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)td2->td_pcb - 1;
198 bcopy(td1->td_frame, td2->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
200 td2->td_frame->tf_rax = 0; /* Child returns zero */
201 td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C; /* success */
202 td2->td_frame->tf_rdx = 1;
205 * If the parent process has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger had
206 * single stepped the process to the system call), we need to clear
207 * the trap flag from the new frame unless the debugger had set PF_FORK
208 * on the parent. Otherwise, the child will receive a (likely
209 * unexpected) SIGTRAP when it executes the first instruction after
210 * returning to userland.
212 if ((p1->p_pfsflags & PF_FORK) == 0)
213 td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
216 * Set registers for trampoline to user mode. Leave space for the
217 * return address on stack. These are the kernel mode register values.
219 pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return; /* fork_trampoline argument */
221 pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td2->td_frame - sizeof(void *);
222 pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td2; /* fork_trampoline argument */
223 pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
225 * pcb2->pcb_dr*: cloned above.
226 * pcb2->pcb_savefpu: cloned above.
227 * pcb2->pcb_flags: cloned above.
228 * pcb2->pcb_onfault: cloned above (always NULL here?).
229 * pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase: cloned above
232 /* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
233 td2->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
234 td2->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
235 td2->td_md.md_invl_gen.gen = 0;
237 /* As an i386, do not copy io permission bitmap. */
238 pcb2->pcb_tssp = NULL;
240 /* New segment registers. */
241 set_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
243 /* Copy the LDT, if necessary. */
244 mdp1 = &td1->td_proc->p_md;
247 if (mdp1->md_ldt != NULL) {
249 mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_refcnt++;
250 mdp2->md_ldt = mdp1->md_ldt;
251 bcopy(&mdp1->md_ldt_sd, &mdp2->md_ldt_sd, sizeof(struct
252 system_segment_descriptor));
255 mdp2->md_ldt = user_ldt_alloc(p2, 0);
256 if (mdp2->md_ldt == NULL)
257 panic("could not copy LDT");
258 amd64_set_ldt_data(td2, 0, max_ldt_segment,
259 (struct user_segment_descriptor *)
260 mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_base);
264 mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
267 * Now, cpu_switch() can schedule the new process.
268 * pcb_rsp is loaded pointing to the cpu_switch() stack frame
269 * containing the return address when exiting cpu_switch.
270 * This will normally be to fork_trampoline(), which will have
271 * %ebx loaded with the new proc's pointer. fork_trampoline()
272 * will set up a stack to call fork_return(p, frame); to complete
273 * the return to user-mode.
278 * Intercept the return address from a freshly forked process that has NOT
279 * been scheduled yet.
281 * This is needed to make kernel threads stay in kernel mode.
284 cpu_fork_kthread_handler(struct thread *td, void (*func)(void *), void *arg)
287 * Note that the trap frame follows the args, so the function
288 * is really called like this: func(arg, frame);
290 td->td_pcb->pcb_r12 = (long) func; /* function */
291 td->td_pcb->pcb_rbx = (long) arg; /* first arg */
295 cpu_exit(struct thread *td)
299 * If this process has a custom LDT, release it.
302 if (td->td_proc->p_md.md_ldt != 0)
305 mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
309 cpu_thread_exit(struct thread *td)
314 if (td == PCPU_GET(fpcurthread))
320 /* Disable any hardware breakpoints. */
321 if (pcb->pcb_flags & PCB_DBREGS) {
323 clear_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_DBREGS);
328 cpu_thread_clean(struct thread *td)
337 if (pcb->pcb_tssp != NULL) {
338 kmem_free(kernel_arena, (vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_tssp,
340 pcb->pcb_tssp = NULL;
345 cpu_thread_swapin(struct thread *td)
350 cpu_thread_swapout(struct thread *td)
355 cpu_thread_alloc(struct thread *td)
358 struct xstate_hdr *xhdr;
360 td->td_pcb = pcb = get_pcb_td(td);
361 td->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)pcb - 1;
362 pcb->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb);
364 xhdr = (struct xstate_hdr *)(pcb->pcb_save + 1);
365 bzero(xhdr, sizeof(*xhdr));
366 xhdr->xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
371 cpu_thread_free(struct thread *td)
374 cpu_thread_clean(td);
378 cpu_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td, int error)
383 td->td_frame->tf_rax = td->td_retval[0];
384 td->td_frame->tf_rdx = td->td_retval[1];
385 td->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C;
390 * Reconstruct pc, we know that 'syscall' is 2 bytes,
391 * lcall $X,y is 7 bytes, int 0x80 is 2 bytes.
392 * We saved this in tf_err.
393 * %r10 (which was holding the value of %rcx) is restored
394 * for the next iteration.
395 * %r10 restore is only required for freebsd/amd64 processes,
396 * but shall be innocent for any ia32 ABI.
398 * Require full context restore to get the arguments
399 * in the registers reloaded at return to usermode.
401 td->td_frame->tf_rip -= td->td_frame->tf_err;
402 td->td_frame->tf_r10 = td->td_frame->tf_rcx;
403 set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
410 td->td_frame->tf_rax = SV_ABI_ERRNO(td->td_proc, error);
411 td->td_frame->tf_rflags |= PSL_C;
417 * Initialize machine state, mostly pcb and trap frame for a new
418 * thread, about to return to userspace. Put enough state in the new
419 * thread's PCB to get it to go back to the fork_return(), which
420 * finalizes the thread state and handles peculiarities of the first
421 * return to userspace for the new thread.
424 cpu_copy_thread(struct thread *td, struct thread *td0)
428 /* Point the pcb to the top of the stack. */
432 * Copy the upcall pcb. This loads kernel regs.
433 * Those not loaded individually below get their default
436 bcopy(td0->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
437 clear_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FPUINITDONE | PCB_USERFPUINITDONE |
439 pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
440 bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td0), pcb2->pcb_save,
441 cpu_max_ext_state_size);
442 set_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
445 * Create a new fresh stack for the new thread.
447 bcopy(td0->td_frame, td->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
449 /* If the current thread has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger had
450 * single stepped the process to the system call), we need to clear
451 * the trap flag from the new frame. Otherwise, the new thread will
452 * receive a (likely unexpected) SIGTRAP when it executes the first
453 * instruction after returning to userland.
455 td->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
458 * Set registers for trampoline to user mode. Leave space for the
459 * return address on stack. These are the kernel mode register values.
461 pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return; /* trampoline arg */
463 pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td->td_frame - sizeof(void *); /* trampoline arg */
464 pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td; /* trampoline arg */
465 pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
467 * If we didn't copy the pcb, we'd need to do the following registers:
468 * pcb2->pcb_dr*: cloned above.
469 * pcb2->pcb_savefpu: cloned above.
470 * pcb2->pcb_onfault: cloned above (always NULL here?).
471 * pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase: cloned above
474 /* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
475 td->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
476 td->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
480 * Set that machine state for performing an upcall that starts
481 * the entry function with the given argument.
484 cpu_set_upcall(struct thread *td, void (*entry)(void *), void *arg,
489 * Do any extra cleaning that needs to be done.
490 * The thread may have optional components
491 * that are not present in a fresh thread.
492 * This may be a recycled thread so make it look
493 * as though it's newly allocated.
495 cpu_thread_clean(td);
497 #ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
498 if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
500 * Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the entry
503 td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
504 td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
505 (((uintptr_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size - 4) & ~0x0f) - 4;
506 td->td_frame->tf_rip = (uintptr_t)entry;
508 /* Pass the argument to the entry point. */
509 suword32((void *)(td->td_frame->tf_rsp + sizeof(int32_t)),
510 (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)arg);
517 * Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the uts
520 td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
521 td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
522 ((register_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size) & ~0x0f;
523 td->td_frame->tf_rsp -= 8;
524 td->td_frame->tf_rip = (register_t)entry;
525 td->td_frame->tf_ds = _udatasel;
526 td->td_frame->tf_es = _udatasel;
527 td->td_frame->tf_fs = _ufssel;
528 td->td_frame->tf_gs = _ugssel;
529 td->td_frame->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
531 /* Pass the argument to the entry point. */
532 td->td_frame->tf_rdi = (register_t)arg;
536 cpu_set_user_tls(struct thread *td, void *tls_base)
540 if ((u_int64_t)tls_base >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
544 set_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
545 #ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
546 if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
547 pcb->pcb_gsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
551 pcb->pcb_fsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
561 cpu_reset_proxy_active = 1;
562 while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 1)
563 ia32_pause(); /* Wait for other cpu to see that we've started */
565 CPU_SETOF(cpu_reset_proxyid, &tcrp);
567 printf("cpu_reset_proxy: Stopped CPU %d\n", cpu_reset_proxyid);
582 CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &map);
583 CPU_NAND(&map, &stopped_cpus);
584 if (!CPU_EMPTY(&map)) {
585 printf("cpu_reset: Stopping other CPUs\n");
589 if (PCPU_GET(cpuid) != 0) {
590 cpu_reset_proxyid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
591 cpustop_restartfunc = cpu_reset_proxy;
592 cpu_reset_proxy_active = 0;
593 printf("cpu_reset: Restarting BSP\n");
595 /* Restart CPU #0. */
596 CPU_SETOF(0, &started_cpus);
600 while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0 && cnt < 10000000) {
602 cnt++; /* Wait for BSP to announce restart */
604 if (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0)
605 printf("cpu_reset: Failed to restart BSP\n");
607 cpu_reset_proxy_active = 2;
624 struct region_descriptor null_idt;
630 * Attempt to do a CPU reset via the keyboard controller,
631 * do not turn off GateA20, as any machine that fails
632 * to do the reset here would then end up in no man's land.
634 outb(IO_KBD + 4, 0xFE);
635 DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
638 * Attempt to force a reset via the Reset Control register at
639 * I/O port 0xcf9. Bit 2 forces a system reset when it
640 * transitions from 0 to 1. Bit 1 selects the type of reset
641 * to attempt: 0 selects a "soft" reset, and 1 selects a
642 * "hard" reset. We try a "hard" reset. The first write sets
643 * bit 1 to select a "hard" reset and clears bit 2. The
644 * second write forces a 0 -> 1 transition in bit 2 to trigger
649 DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
652 * Attempt to force a reset via the Fast A20 and Init register
653 * at I/O port 0x92. Bit 1 serves as an alternate A20 gate.
654 * Bit 0 asserts INIT# when set to 1. We are careful to only
655 * preserve bit 1 while setting bit 0. We also must clear bit
656 * 0 before setting it if it isn't already clear.
661 outb(0x92, b & 0xfe);
663 DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
666 printf("No known reset method worked, attempting CPU shutdown\n");
667 DELAY(1000000); /* wait 1 sec for printf to complete */
670 null_idt.rd_limit = 0;
671 null_idt.rd_base = 0;
674 /* "good night, sweet prince .... <THUNK!>" */
682 * Software interrupt handler for queued VM system processing.
687 if (busdma_swi_pending != 0)
692 * Tell whether this address is in some physical memory region.
693 * Currently used by the kernel coredump code in order to avoid
694 * dumping the ``ISA memory hole'' which could cause indefinite hangs,
695 * or other unpredictable behaviour.
699 is_physical_memory(vm_paddr_t addr)
703 /* The ISA ``memory hole''. */
704 if (addr >= 0xa0000 && addr < 0x100000)
709 * stuff other tests for known memory-mapped devices (PCI?)