2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
4 * Copyright (c) 2011 NetApp, Inc.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NETAPP, INC ``AS IS'' AND
17 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETAPP, INC OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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25 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
36 #include <x86/segments.h>
38 struct vm_snapshot_meta;
41 SDT_PROVIDER_DECLARE(vmm);
49 VM_SUSPEND_TRIPLEFAULT,
54 * Identifiers for architecturally defined registers.
95 VM_REG_GUEST_INTR_SHADOW,
101 VM_REG_GUEST_ENTRY_INST_LENGTH,
111 #define VM_INTINFO_VECTOR(info) ((info) & 0xff)
112 #define VM_INTINFO_DEL_ERRCODE 0x800
113 #define VM_INTINFO_RSVD 0x7ffff000
114 #define VM_INTINFO_VALID 0x80000000
115 #define VM_INTINFO_TYPE 0x700
116 #define VM_INTINFO_HWINTR (0 << 8)
117 #define VM_INTINFO_NMI (2 << 8)
118 #define VM_INTINFO_HWEXCEPTION (3 << 8)
119 #define VM_INTINFO_SWINTR (4 << 8)
122 * The VM name has to fit into the pathname length constraints of devfs,
123 * governed primarily by SPECNAMELEN. The length is the total number of
124 * characters in the full path, relative to the mount point and not
125 * including any leading '/' characters.
126 * A prefix and a suffix are added to the name specified by the user.
127 * The prefix is usually "vmm/" or "vmm.io/", but can be a few characters
128 * longer for future use.
129 * The suffix is a string that identifies a bootrom image or some similar
130 * image that is attached to the VM. A separator character gets added to
131 * the suffix automatically when generating the full path, so it must be
132 * accounted for, reducing the effective length by 1.
133 * The effective length of a VM name is 229 bytes for FreeBSD 13 and 37
134 * bytes for FreeBSD 12. A minimum length is set for safety and supports
135 * a SPECNAMELEN as small as 32 on old systems.
137 #define VM_MAX_PREFIXLEN 10
138 #define VM_MAX_SUFFIXLEN 15
139 #define VM_MIN_NAMELEN 6
140 #define VM_MAX_NAMELEN \
141 (SPECNAMELEN - VM_MAX_PREFIXLEN - VM_MAX_SUFFIXLEN - 1)
144 CTASSERT(VM_MAX_NAMELEN >= VM_MIN_NAMELEN);
156 struct vm_guest_paging;
160 struct vm_eventinfo {
161 void *rptr; /* rendezvous cookie */
162 int *sptr; /* suspend cookie */
163 int *iptr; /* reqidle cookie */
166 typedef int (*vmm_init_func_t)(int ipinum);
167 typedef int (*vmm_cleanup_func_t)(void);
168 typedef void (*vmm_resume_func_t)(void);
169 typedef void * (*vmi_init_func_t)(struct vm *vm, struct pmap *pmap);
170 typedef int (*vmi_run_func_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, register_t rip,
171 struct pmap *pmap, struct vm_eventinfo *info);
172 typedef void (*vmi_cleanup_func_t)(void *vmi);
173 typedef int (*vmi_get_register_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num,
175 typedef int (*vmi_set_register_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num,
177 typedef int (*vmi_get_desc_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num,
178 struct seg_desc *desc);
179 typedef int (*vmi_set_desc_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num,
180 struct seg_desc *desc);
181 typedef int (*vmi_get_cap_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num, int *retval);
182 typedef int (*vmi_set_cap_t)(void *vmi, int vcpu, int num, int val);
183 typedef struct vmspace * (*vmi_vmspace_alloc)(vm_offset_t min, vm_offset_t max);
184 typedef void (*vmi_vmspace_free)(struct vmspace *vmspace);
185 typedef struct vlapic * (*vmi_vlapic_init)(void *vmi, int vcpu);
186 typedef void (*vmi_vlapic_cleanup)(void *vmi, struct vlapic *vlapic);
187 typedef int (*vmi_snapshot_t)(void *vmi, struct vm_snapshot_meta *meta);
188 typedef int (*vmi_snapshot_vmcx_t)(void *vmi, struct vm_snapshot_meta *meta,
190 typedef int (*vmi_restore_tsc_t)(void *vmi, int vcpuid, uint64_t now);
193 vmm_init_func_t modinit; /* module wide initialization */
194 vmm_cleanup_func_t modcleanup;
195 vmm_resume_func_t modresume;
197 vmi_init_func_t init; /* vm-specific initialization */
199 vmi_cleanup_func_t cleanup;
200 vmi_get_register_t getreg;
201 vmi_set_register_t setreg;
202 vmi_get_desc_t getdesc;
203 vmi_set_desc_t setdesc;
204 vmi_get_cap_t getcap;
205 vmi_set_cap_t setcap;
206 vmi_vmspace_alloc vmspace_alloc;
207 vmi_vmspace_free vmspace_free;
208 vmi_vlapic_init vlapic_init;
209 vmi_vlapic_cleanup vlapic_cleanup;
211 /* checkpoint operations */
212 vmi_snapshot_t snapshot;
213 vmi_snapshot_vmcx_t vmcx_snapshot;
214 vmi_restore_tsc_t restore_tsc;
217 extern const struct vmm_ops vmm_ops_intel;
218 extern const struct vmm_ops vmm_ops_amd;
220 int vm_create(const char *name, struct vm **retvm);
221 void vm_destroy(struct vm *vm);
222 int vm_reinit(struct vm *vm);
223 const char *vm_name(struct vm *vm);
224 uint16_t vm_get_maxcpus(struct vm *vm);
225 void vm_get_topology(struct vm *vm, uint16_t *sockets, uint16_t *cores,
226 uint16_t *threads, uint16_t *maxcpus);
227 int vm_set_topology(struct vm *vm, uint16_t sockets, uint16_t cores,
228 uint16_t threads, uint16_t maxcpus);
231 * APIs that modify the guest memory map require all vcpus to be frozen.
233 int vm_mmap_memseg(struct vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa, int segid, vm_ooffset_t off,
234 size_t len, int prot, int flags);
235 int vm_munmap_memseg(struct vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa, size_t len);
236 int vm_alloc_memseg(struct vm *vm, int ident, size_t len, bool sysmem);
237 void vm_free_memseg(struct vm *vm, int ident);
238 int vm_map_mmio(struct vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa, size_t len, vm_paddr_t hpa);
239 int vm_unmap_mmio(struct vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa, size_t len);
240 int vm_assign_pptdev(struct vm *vm, int bus, int slot, int func);
241 int vm_unassign_pptdev(struct vm *vm, int bus, int slot, int func);
244 * APIs that inspect the guest memory map require only a *single* vcpu to
245 * be frozen. This acts like a read lock on the guest memory map since any
246 * modification requires *all* vcpus to be frozen.
248 int vm_mmap_getnext(struct vm *vm, vm_paddr_t *gpa, int *segid,
249 vm_ooffset_t *segoff, size_t *len, int *prot, int *flags);
250 int vm_get_memseg(struct vm *vm, int ident, size_t *len, bool *sysmem,
251 struct vm_object **objptr);
252 vm_paddr_t vmm_sysmem_maxaddr(struct vm *vm);
253 void *vm_gpa_hold(struct vm *, int vcpuid, vm_paddr_t gpa, size_t len,
254 int prot, void **cookie);
255 void vm_gpa_release(void *cookie);
256 bool vm_mem_allocated(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, vm_paddr_t gpa);
258 int vm_get_register(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int reg, uint64_t *retval);
259 int vm_set_register(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int reg, uint64_t val);
260 int vm_get_seg_desc(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int reg,
261 struct seg_desc *ret_desc);
262 int vm_set_seg_desc(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int reg,
263 struct seg_desc *desc);
264 int vm_run(struct vm *vm, struct vm_run *vmrun);
265 int vm_suspend(struct vm *vm, enum vm_suspend_how how);
266 int vm_inject_nmi(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
267 int vm_nmi_pending(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
268 void vm_nmi_clear(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
269 int vm_inject_extint(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
270 int vm_extint_pending(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
271 void vm_extint_clear(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
272 struct vlapic *vm_lapic(struct vm *vm, int cpu);
273 struct vioapic *vm_ioapic(struct vm *vm);
274 struct vhpet *vm_hpet(struct vm *vm);
275 int vm_get_capability(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int type, int *val);
276 int vm_set_capability(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int type, int val);
277 int vm_get_x2apic_state(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, enum x2apic_state *state);
278 int vm_set_x2apic_state(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, enum x2apic_state state);
279 int vm_apicid2vcpuid(struct vm *vm, int apicid);
280 int vm_activate_cpu(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
281 int vm_suspend_cpu(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
282 int vm_resume_cpu(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
283 struct vm_exit *vm_exitinfo(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
284 void vm_exit_suspended(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t rip);
285 void vm_exit_debug(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t rip);
286 void vm_exit_rendezvous(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t rip);
287 void vm_exit_astpending(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t rip);
288 void vm_exit_reqidle(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t rip);
289 int vm_snapshot_req(struct vm *vm, struct vm_snapshot_meta *meta);
290 int vm_restore_time(struct vm *vm);
292 #ifdef _SYS__CPUSET_H_
294 * Rendezvous all vcpus specified in 'dest' and execute 'func(arg)'.
295 * The rendezvous 'func(arg)' is not allowed to do anything that will
296 * cause the thread to be put to sleep.
298 * If the rendezvous is being initiated from a vcpu context then the
299 * 'vcpuid' must refer to that vcpu, otherwise it should be set to -1.
301 * The caller cannot hold any locks when initiating the rendezvous.
303 * The implementation of this API may cause vcpus other than those specified
304 * by 'dest' to be stalled. The caller should not rely on any vcpus making
305 * forward progress when the rendezvous is in progress.
307 typedef void (*vm_rendezvous_func_t)(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, void *arg);
308 int vm_smp_rendezvous(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, cpuset_t dest,
309 vm_rendezvous_func_t func, void *arg);
310 cpuset_t vm_active_cpus(struct vm *vm);
311 cpuset_t vm_debug_cpus(struct vm *vm);
312 cpuset_t vm_suspended_cpus(struct vm *vm);
313 #endif /* _SYS__CPUSET_H_ */
316 vcpu_rendezvous_pending(struct vm_eventinfo *info)
319 return (*((uintptr_t *)(info->rptr)) != 0);
323 vcpu_suspended(struct vm_eventinfo *info)
326 return (*info->sptr);
330 vcpu_reqidle(struct vm_eventinfo *info)
333 return (*info->iptr);
336 int vcpu_debugged(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
339 * Return true if device indicated by bus/slot/func is supposed to be a
340 * pci passthrough device.
342 * Return false otherwise.
344 bool vmm_is_pptdev(int bus, int slot, int func);
346 void *vm_iommu_domain(struct vm *vm);
355 int vcpu_set_state(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, enum vcpu_state state,
357 enum vcpu_state vcpu_get_state(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int *hostcpu);
360 vcpu_is_running(struct vm *vm, int vcpu, int *hostcpu)
362 return (vcpu_get_state(vm, vcpu, hostcpu) == VCPU_RUNNING);
367 vcpu_should_yield(struct vm *vm, int vcpu)
370 if (curthread->td_flags & (TDF_ASTPENDING | TDF_NEEDRESCHED))
372 else if (curthread->td_owepreempt)
379 void *vcpu_stats(struct vm *vm, int vcpu);
380 void vcpu_notify_event(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, bool lapic_intr);
381 struct vmspace *vm_get_vmspace(struct vm *vm);
382 struct vatpic *vm_atpic(struct vm *vm);
383 struct vatpit *vm_atpit(struct vm *vm);
384 struct vpmtmr *vm_pmtmr(struct vm *vm);
385 struct vrtc *vm_rtc(struct vm *vm);
388 * Inject exception 'vector' into the guest vcpu. This function returns 0 on
389 * success and non-zero on failure.
391 * Wrapper functions like 'vm_inject_gp()' should be preferred to calling
392 * this function directly because they enforce the trap-like or fault-like
393 * behavior of an exception.
395 * This function should only be called in the context of the thread that is
396 * executing this vcpu.
398 int vm_inject_exception(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, int vector, int err_valid,
399 uint32_t errcode, int restart_instruction);
402 * This function is called after a VM-exit that occurred during exception or
403 * interrupt delivery through the IDT. The format of 'intinfo' is described
404 * in Figure 15-1, "EXITINTINFO for All Intercepts", APM, Vol 2.
406 * If a VM-exit handler completes the event delivery successfully then it
407 * should call vm_exit_intinfo() to extinguish the pending event. For e.g.,
408 * if the task switch emulation is triggered via a task gate then it should
409 * call this function with 'intinfo=0' to indicate that the external event
410 * is not pending anymore.
412 * Return value is 0 on success and non-zero on failure.
414 int vm_exit_intinfo(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t intinfo);
417 * This function is called before every VM-entry to retrieve a pending
418 * event that should be injected into the guest. This function combines
419 * nested events into a double or triple fault.
421 * Returns 0 if there are no events that need to be injected into the guest
422 * and non-zero otherwise.
424 int vm_entry_intinfo(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t *info);
426 int vm_get_intinfo(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, uint64_t *info1, uint64_t *info2);
429 * Function used to keep track of the guest's TSC offset. The
430 * offset is used by the virutalization extensions to provide a consistent
431 * value for the Time Stamp Counter to the guest.
433 * Return value is 0 on success and non-zero on failure.
435 int vm_set_tsc_offset(struct vm *vm, int vcpu_id, uint64_t offset);
437 enum vm_reg_name vm_segment_name(int seg_encoding);
447 * Set up 'copyinfo[]' to copy to/from guest linear address space starting
448 * at 'gla' and 'len' bytes long. The 'prot' should be set to PROT_READ for
449 * a copyin or PROT_WRITE for a copyout.
451 * retval is_fault Interpretation
453 * 0 1 An exception was injected into the guest
454 * EFAULT N/A Unrecoverable error
456 * The 'copyinfo[]' can be passed to 'vm_copyin()' or 'vm_copyout()' only if
457 * the return value is 0. The 'copyinfo[]' resources should be freed by calling
458 * 'vm_copy_teardown()' after the copy is done.
460 int vm_copy_setup(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, struct vm_guest_paging *paging,
461 uint64_t gla, size_t len, int prot, struct vm_copyinfo *copyinfo,
462 int num_copyinfo, int *is_fault);
463 void vm_copy_teardown(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, struct vm_copyinfo *copyinfo,
465 void vm_copyin(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, struct vm_copyinfo *copyinfo,
466 void *kaddr, size_t len);
467 void vm_copyout(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid, const void *kaddr,
468 struct vm_copyinfo *copyinfo, size_t len);
470 int vcpu_trace_exceptions(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
471 int vcpu_trap_wbinvd(struct vm *vm, int vcpuid);
475 #define VM_MAXCPU 16 /* maximum virtual cpus */
479 * Identifiers for optional vmm capabilities
485 VM_CAP_UNRESTRICTED_GUEST,
486 VM_CAP_ENABLE_INVPCID,
494 enum vm_intr_trigger {
500 * The 'access' field has the format specified in Table 21-2 of the Intel
501 * Architecture Manual vol 3b.
503 * XXX The contents of the 'access' field are architecturally defined except
504 * bit 16 - Segment Unusable.
511 #define SEG_DESC_TYPE(access) ((access) & 0x001f)
512 #define SEG_DESC_DPL(access) (((access) >> 5) & 0x3)
513 #define SEG_DESC_PRESENT(access) (((access) & 0x0080) ? 1 : 0)
514 #define SEG_DESC_DEF32(access) (((access) & 0x4000) ? 1 : 0)
515 #define SEG_DESC_GRANULARITY(access) (((access) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
516 #define SEG_DESC_UNUSABLE(access) (((access) & 0x10000) ? 1 : 0)
521 CPU_MODE_COMPATIBILITY, /* IA-32E mode (CS.L = 0) */
522 CPU_MODE_64BIT, /* IA-32E mode (CS.L = 1) */
525 enum vm_paging_mode {
533 struct vm_guest_paging {
536 enum vm_cpu_mode cpu_mode;
537 enum vm_paging_mode paging_mode;
541 * The data structures 'vie' and 'vie_op' are meant to be opaque to the
542 * consumers of instruction decoding. The only reason why their contents
543 * need to be exposed is because they are part of the 'vm_exit' structure.
546 uint8_t op_byte; /* actual opcode byte */
547 uint8_t op_type; /* type of operation (e.g. MOV) */
550 _Static_assert(sizeof(struct vie_op) == 4, "ABI");
551 _Static_assert(_Alignof(struct vie_op) == 2, "ABI");
553 #define VIE_INST_SIZE 15
555 uint8_t inst[VIE_INST_SIZE]; /* instruction bytes */
556 uint8_t num_valid; /* size of the instruction */
558 /* The following fields are all zeroed upon restart. */
559 #define vie_startzero num_processed
560 uint8_t num_processed;
562 uint8_t addrsize:4, opsize:4; /* address and operand sizes */
563 uint8_t rex_w:1, /* REX prefix */
568 repz_present:1, /* REP/REPE/REPZ prefix */
569 repnz_present:1, /* REPNE/REPNZ prefix */
570 opsize_override:1, /* Operand size override */
571 addrsize_override:1, /* Address size override */
572 segment_override:1; /* Segment override */
574 uint8_t mod:2, /* ModRM byte */
578 uint8_t ss:2, /* SIB byte */
579 vex_present:1, /* VEX prefixed */
581 index:4, /* SIB byte */
582 base:4; /* SIB byte */
589 uint8_t vex_reg:4, /* vvvv: first source register specifier */
593 uint8_t _sparebytes[2];
595 int base_register; /* VM_REG_GUEST_xyz */
596 int index_register; /* VM_REG_GUEST_xyz */
597 int segment_register; /* VM_REG_GUEST_xyz */
599 int64_t displacement; /* optional addr displacement */
600 int64_t immediate; /* optional immediate operand */
602 uint8_t decoded; /* set to 1 if successfully decoded */
606 struct vie_op op; /* opcode description */
608 _Static_assert(sizeof(struct vie) == 64, "ABI");
609 _Static_assert(__offsetof(struct vie, disp_bytes) == 22, "ABI");
610 _Static_assert(__offsetof(struct vie, scale) == 24, "ABI");
611 _Static_assert(__offsetof(struct vie, base_register) == 28, "ABI");
623 VM_EXITCODE_INST_EMUL,
624 VM_EXITCODE_SPINUP_AP,
625 VM_EXITCODE_DEPRECATED1, /* used to be SPINDOWN_CPU */
626 VM_EXITCODE_RENDEZVOUS,
627 VM_EXITCODE_IOAPIC_EOI,
628 VM_EXITCODE_SUSPENDED,
629 VM_EXITCODE_INOUT_STR,
630 VM_EXITCODE_TASK_SWITCH,
643 uint16_t bytes:3; /* 1 or 2 or 4 */
648 uint32_t eax; /* valid for out */
651 struct vm_inout_str {
652 struct vm_inout inout; /* must be the first element */
653 struct vm_guest_paging paging;
657 uint64_t count; /* rep=1 (%rcx), rep=0 (1) */
659 enum vm_reg_name seg_name;
660 struct seg_desc seg_desc;
663 enum task_switch_reason {
667 TSR_IDT_GATE, /* task gate in IDT */
670 struct vm_task_switch {
671 uint16_t tsssel; /* new TSS selector */
672 int ext; /* task switch due to external event */
674 int errcode_valid; /* push 'errcode' on the new stack */
675 enum task_switch_reason reason;
676 struct vm_guest_paging paging;
680 enum vm_exitcode exitcode;
681 int inst_length; /* 0 means unknown */
684 struct vm_inout inout;
685 struct vm_inout_str inout_str;
695 struct vm_guest_paging paging;
699 * VMX specific payload. Used when there is no "better"
700 * exitcode to represent the VM-exit.
703 int status; /* vmx inst status */
705 * 'exit_reason' and 'exit_qualification' are valid
706 * only if 'status' is zero.
708 uint32_t exit_reason;
709 uint64_t exit_qualification;
711 * 'inst_error' and 'inst_type' are valid
712 * only if 'status' is non-zero.
718 * SVM specific payload.
729 uint32_t code; /* ecx value */
738 uint64_t intr_status;
744 enum vm_suspend_how how;
751 struct vm_task_switch task_switch;
755 /* APIs to inject faults into the guest */
756 void vm_inject_fault(void *vm, int vcpuid, int vector, int errcode_valid,
760 vm_inject_ud(void *vm, int vcpuid)
762 vm_inject_fault(vm, vcpuid, IDT_UD, 0, 0);
766 vm_inject_gp(void *vm, int vcpuid)
768 vm_inject_fault(vm, vcpuid, IDT_GP, 1, 0);
772 vm_inject_ac(void *vm, int vcpuid, int errcode)
774 vm_inject_fault(vm, vcpuid, IDT_AC, 1, errcode);
778 vm_inject_ss(void *vm, int vcpuid, int errcode)
780 vm_inject_fault(vm, vcpuid, IDT_SS, 1, errcode);
783 void vm_inject_pf(void *vm, int vcpuid, int error_code, uint64_t cr2);
785 int vm_restart_instruction(void *vm, int vcpuid);