Merge clang trunk r321017 to contrib/llvm/tools/clang.

[FreeBSD/FreeBSD.git] / sys / cddl / contrib / opensolaris / uts / common / dtrace / fasttrap.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 *
 * Portions Copyright 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

/*
 * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

#include <sys/atomic.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/modctl.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <sys/ddi.h>
#endif
#include <sys/sunddi.h>
#include <sys/cpuvar.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <sys/strsubr.h>
#endif
#include <sys/fasttrap.h>
#include <sys/fasttrap_impl.h>
#include <sys/fasttrap_isa.h>
#include <sys/dtrace.h>
#include <sys/dtrace_impl.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/policy.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <util/qsort.h>
#endif
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#ifndef illumos
#include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
#include <sys/rmlock.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/u8_textprep.h>
#include <sys/user.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>

#include <cddl/dev/dtrace/dtrace_cddl.h>
#endif

/*
 * User-Land Trap-Based Tracing
 * ----------------------------
 *
 * The fasttrap provider allows DTrace consumers to instrument any user-level
 * instruction to gather data; this includes probes with semantic
 * signifigance like entry and return as well as simple offsets into the
 * function. While the specific techniques used are very ISA specific, the
 * methodology is generalizable to any architecture.
 *
 *
 * The General Methodology
 * -----------------------
 *
 * With the primary goal of tracing every user-land instruction and the
 * limitation that we can't trust user space so don't want to rely on much
 * information there, we begin by replacing the instructions we want to trace
 * with trap instructions. Each instruction we overwrite is saved into a hash
 * table keyed by process ID and pc address. When we enter the kernel due to
 * this trap instruction, we need the effects of the replaced instruction to
 * appear to have occurred before we proceed with the user thread's
 * execution.
 *
 * Each user level thread is represented by a ulwp_t structure which is
 * always easily accessible through a register. The most basic way to produce
 * the effects of the instruction we replaced is to copy that instruction out
 * to a bit of scratch space reserved in the user thread's ulwp_t structure
 * (a sort of kernel-private thread local storage), set the PC to that
 * scratch space and single step. When we reenter the kernel after single
 * stepping the instruction we must then adjust the PC to point to what would
 * normally be the next instruction. Of course, special care must be taken
 * for branches and jumps, but these represent such a small fraction of any
 * instruction set that writing the code to emulate these in the kernel is
 * not too difficult.
 *
 * Return probes may require several tracepoints to trace every return site,
 * and, conversely, each tracepoint may activate several probes (the entry
 * and offset 0 probes, for example). To solve this muliplexing problem,
 * tracepoints contain lists of probes to activate and probes contain lists
 * of tracepoints to enable. If a probe is activated, it adds its ID to
 * existing tracepoints or creates new ones as necessary.
 *
 * Most probes are activated _before_ the instruction is executed, but return
 * probes are activated _after_ the effects of the last instruction of the
 * function are visible. Return probes must be fired _after_ we have
 * single-stepped the instruction whereas all other probes are fired
 * beforehand.
 *
 *
 * Lock Ordering
 * -------------
 *
 * The lock ordering below -- both internally and with respect to the DTrace
 * framework -- is a little tricky and bears some explanation. Each provider
 * has a lock (ftp_mtx) that protects its members including reference counts
 * for enabled probes (ftp_rcount), consumers actively creating probes
 * (ftp_ccount) and USDT consumers (ftp_mcount); all three prevent a provider
 * from being freed. A provider is looked up by taking the bucket lock for the
 * provider hash table, and is returned with its lock held. The provider lock
 * may be taken in functions invoked by the DTrace framework, but may not be
 * held while calling functions in the DTrace framework.
 *
 * To ensure consistency over multiple calls to the DTrace framework, the
 * creation lock (ftp_cmtx) should be held. Naturally, the creation lock may
 * not be taken when holding the provider lock as that would create a cyclic
 * lock ordering. In situations where one would naturally take the provider
 * lock and then the creation lock, we instead up a reference count to prevent
 * the provider from disappearing, drop the provider lock, and acquire the
 * creation lock.
 *
 * Briefly:
 *      bucket lock before provider lock
 *      DTrace before provider lock
 *      creation lock before DTrace
 *      never hold the provider lock and creation lock simultaneously
 */

static d_open_t fasttrap_open;
static d_ioctl_t fasttrap_ioctl;

static struct cdevsw fasttrap_cdevsw = {
        .d_version      = D_VERSION,
        .d_open         = fasttrap_open,
        .d_ioctl        = fasttrap_ioctl,
        .d_name         = "fasttrap",
};
static struct cdev *fasttrap_cdev;
static dtrace_meta_provider_id_t fasttrap_meta_id;

static struct proc *fasttrap_cleanup_proc;
static struct mtx fasttrap_cleanup_mtx;
static uint_t fasttrap_cleanup_work, fasttrap_cleanup_drain, fasttrap_cleanup_cv;

/*
 * Generation count on modifications to the global tracepoint lookup table.
 */
static volatile uint64_t fasttrap_mod_gen;

/*
 * When the fasttrap provider is loaded, fasttrap_max is set to either
 * FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT, or the value for fasttrap-max-probes in the
 * fasttrap.conf file (Illumos), or the value provied in the loader.conf (FreeBSD).
 * Each time a probe is created, fasttrap_total is incremented by the number
 * of tracepoints that may be associated with that probe; fasttrap_total is capped
 * at fasttrap_max.
 */
#define FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT            250000
static uint32_t fasttrap_max = FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT;
static uint32_t fasttrap_total;

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

#define FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE   0x4000
#define FASTTRAP_PROVIDERS_DEFAULT_SIZE 0x100
#define FASTTRAP_PROCS_DEFAULT_SIZE     0x100

#define FASTTRAP_PID_NAME               "pid"

fasttrap_hash_t                 fasttrap_tpoints;
static fasttrap_hash_t          fasttrap_provs;
static fasttrap_hash_t          fasttrap_procs;

static uint64_t                 fasttrap_pid_count;     /* pid ref count */
static kmutex_t                 fasttrap_count_mtx;     /* lock on ref count */

#define FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL    1
#define FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL 2

static int fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(proc_t *, fasttrap_probe_t *, uint_t);
static void fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(proc_t *, fasttrap_probe_t *, uint_t);

static fasttrap_provider_t *fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid_t, const char *,
    const dtrace_pattr_t *);
static void fasttrap_provider_retire(pid_t, const char *, int);
static void fasttrap_provider_free(fasttrap_provider_t *);

static fasttrap_proc_t *fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid_t);
static void fasttrap_proc_release(fasttrap_proc_t *);

#ifndef illumos
static void fasttrap_thread_dtor(void *, struct thread *);
#endif

#define FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name) \
        ((fasttrap_hash_str(name) + (pid)) & fasttrap_provs.fth_mask)

#define FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid) ((pid) & fasttrap_procs.fth_mask)

#ifndef illumos
struct rmlock fasttrap_tp_lock;
static eventhandler_tag fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag;
#endif

static unsigned long tpoints_hash_size = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE;

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
SYSCTL_DECL(_kern_dtrace);
SYSCTL_NODE(_kern_dtrace, OID_AUTO, fasttrap, CTLFLAG_RD, 0, "DTrace fasttrap parameters");
SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_dtrace_fasttrap, OID_AUTO, max_probes, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &fasttrap_max,
    FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT, "Maximum number of fasttrap probes");
SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern_dtrace_fasttrap, OID_AUTO, tpoints_hash_size, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &tpoints_hash_size,
    FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE, "Size of the tracepoint hash table");
#endif

static int
fasttrap_highbit(ulong_t i)
{
        int h = 1;

        if (i == 0)
                return (0);
#ifdef _LP64
        if (i & 0xffffffff00000000ul) {
                h += 32; i >>= 32;
        }
#endif
        if (i & 0xffff0000) {
                h += 16; i >>= 16;
        }
        if (i & 0xff00) {
                h += 8; i >>= 8;
        }
        if (i & 0xf0) {
                h += 4; i >>= 4;
        }
        if (i & 0xc) {
                h += 2; i >>= 2;
        }
        if (i & 0x2) {
                h += 1;
        }
        return (h);
}

static uint_t
fasttrap_hash_str(const char *p)
{
        unsigned int g;
        uint_t hval = 0;

        while (*p) {
                hval = (hval << 4) + *p++;
                if ((g = (hval & 0xf0000000)) != 0)
                        hval ^= g >> 24;
                hval &= ~g;
        }
        return (hval);
}

void
fasttrap_sigtrap(proc_t *p, kthread_t *t, uintptr_t pc)
{
#ifdef illumos
        sigqueue_t *sqp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (sigqueue_t), KM_SLEEP);

        sqp->sq_info.si_signo = SIGTRAP;
        sqp->sq_info.si_code = TRAP_DTRACE;
        sqp->sq_info.si_addr = (caddr_t)pc;

        mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
        sigaddqa(p, t, sqp);
        mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);

        if (t != NULL)
                aston(t);
#else
        ksiginfo_t *ksi = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (ksiginfo_t), KM_SLEEP);

        ksiginfo_init(ksi);
        ksi->ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
        ksi->ksi_code = TRAP_DTRACE;
        ksi->ksi_addr = (caddr_t)pc;
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        (void) tdsendsignal(p, t, SIGTRAP, ksi);
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif
}

#ifndef illumos
/*
 * Obtain a chunk of scratch space in the address space of the target process.
 */
fasttrap_scrspace_t *
fasttrap_scraddr(struct thread *td, fasttrap_proc_t *fprc)
{
        fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk;
        fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc;
        struct proc *p;
        vm_offset_t addr;
        int error, i;

        scrspc = NULL;
        if (td->t_dtrace_sscr != NULL) {
                /* If the thread already has scratch space, we're done. */
                scrspc = (fasttrap_scrspace_t *)td->t_dtrace_sscr;
                return (scrspc);
        }

        p = td->td_proc;

        mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
        if (LIST_EMPTY(&fprc->ftpc_fscr)) {
                /*
                 * No scratch space is available, so we'll map a new scratch
                 * space block into the traced process' address space.
                 */
                addr = 0;
                error = vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr,
                    FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE, 0, VMFS_ANY_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL,
                    VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
                if (error != KERN_SUCCESS)
                        goto done;

                scrblk = malloc(sizeof(*scrblk), M_SOLARIS, M_WAITOK);
                scrblk->ftsb_addr = addr;
                LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_scrblks, scrblk, ftsb_next);

                /*
                 * Carve the block up into chunks and put them on the free list.
                 */
                for (i = 0;
                    i < FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE / FASTTRAP_SCRSPACE_SIZE; i++) {
                        scrspc = malloc(sizeof(*scrspc), M_SOLARIS, M_WAITOK);
                        scrspc->ftss_addr = addr +
                            i * FASTTRAP_SCRSPACE_SIZE;
                        LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_fscr, scrspc,
                            ftss_next);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Take the first scratch chunk off the free list, put it on the
         * allocated list, and return its address.
         */
        scrspc = LIST_FIRST(&fprc->ftpc_fscr);
        LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
        LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_ascr, scrspc, ftss_next);

        /*
         * This scratch space is reserved for use by td until the thread exits.
         */
        td->t_dtrace_sscr = scrspc;

done:
        mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

        return (scrspc);
}

/*
 * Return any allocated per-thread scratch space chunks back to the process'
 * free list.
 */
static void
fasttrap_thread_dtor(void *arg __unused, struct thread *td)
{
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        fasttrap_proc_t *fprc;
        fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc;
        pid_t pid;

        if (td->t_dtrace_sscr == NULL)
                return;

        pid = td->td_proc->p_pid;
        bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
        fprc = NULL;

        /* Look up the fasttrap process handle for this process. */
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
        for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
                if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid) {
                        mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (fprc == NULL) {
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                return;
        }

        scrspc = (fasttrap_scrspace_t *)td->t_dtrace_sscr;
        LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
        LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_fscr, scrspc, ftss_next);

        mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
}
#endif

/*
 * This function ensures that no threads are actively using the memory
 * associated with probes that were formerly live.
 */
static void
fasttrap_mod_barrier(uint64_t gen)
{
        int i;

        if (gen < fasttrap_mod_gen)
                return;

        fasttrap_mod_gen++;

#ifdef illumos
        CPU_FOREACH(i) {
                mutex_enter(&fasttrap_cpuc_pid_lock[i]);
                mutex_exit(&fasttrap_cpuc_pid_lock[i]);
        }
#else
        rm_wlock(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
        rm_wunlock(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
#endif
}

/*
 * This function performs asynchronous cleanup of fasttrap providers. The
 * Solaris implementation of this mechanism use a timeout that's activated in
 * fasttrap_pid_cleanup(), but this doesn't work in FreeBSD: one may sleep while
 * holding the DTrace mutexes, but it is unsafe to sleep in a callout handler.
 * Thus we use a dedicated process to perform the cleanup when requested.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_cleanup_cb(void *data)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t **fpp, *fp;
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        dtrace_provider_id_t provid;
        int i, later = 0, rval;

        mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
        while (!fasttrap_cleanup_drain || later > 0) {
                fasttrap_cleanup_work = 0;
                mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

                later = 0;

                /*
                 * Iterate over all the providers trying to remove the marked
                 * ones. If a provider is marked but not retired, we just
                 * have to take a crack at removing it -- it's no big deal if
                 * we can't.
                 */
                for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++) {
                        bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i];
                        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        fpp = (fasttrap_provider_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;

                        while ((fp = *fpp) != NULL) {
                                if (!fp->ftp_marked) {
                                        fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
                                        continue;
                                }

                                mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);

                                /*
                                 * If this provider has consumers actively
                                 * creating probes (ftp_ccount) or is a USDT
                                 * provider (ftp_mcount), we can't unregister
                                 * or even condense.
                                 */
                                if (fp->ftp_ccount != 0 ||
                                    fp->ftp_mcount != 0) {
                                        mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);
                                        fp->ftp_marked = 0;
                                        continue;
                                }

                                if (!fp->ftp_retired || fp->ftp_rcount != 0)
                                        fp->ftp_marked = 0;

                                mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

                                /*
                                 * If we successfully unregister this
                                 * provider we can remove it from the hash
                                 * chain and free the memory. If our attempt
                                 * to unregister fails and this is a retired
                                 * provider, increment our flag to try again
                                 * pretty soon. If we've consumed more than
                                 * half of our total permitted number of
                                 * probes call dtrace_condense() to try to
                                 * clean out the unenabled probes.
                                 */
                                provid = fp->ftp_provid;
                                if ((rval = dtrace_unregister(provid)) != 0) {
                                        if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max / 2)
                                                (void) dtrace_condense(provid);

                                        if (rval == EAGAIN)
                                                fp->ftp_marked = 1;

                                        later += fp->ftp_marked;
                                        fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
                                } else {
                                        *fpp = fp->ftp_next;
                                        fasttrap_provider_free(fp);
                                }
                        }
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                }
                mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

                /*
                 * If we were unable to retire a provider, try again after a
                 * second. This situation can occur in certain circumstances
                 * where providers cannot be unregistered even though they have
                 * no probes enabled because of an execution of dtrace -l or
                 * something similar.
                 */
                if (later > 0 || fasttrap_cleanup_work ||
                    fasttrap_cleanup_drain) {
                        mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
                        pause("ftclean", hz);
                        mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
                } else
                        mtx_sleep(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv, &fasttrap_cleanup_mtx,
                            0, "ftcl", 0);
        }

        /*
         * Wake up the thread in fasttrap_unload() now that we're done.
         */
        wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_drain);
        mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

        kthread_exit();
}

/*
 * Activates the asynchronous cleanup mechanism.
 */
static void
fasttrap_pid_cleanup(void)
{

        mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
        if (!fasttrap_cleanup_work) {
                fasttrap_cleanup_work = 1;
                wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv);
        }
        mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
}

/*
 * This is called from cfork() via dtrace_fasttrap_fork(). The child
 * process's address space is (roughly) a copy of the parent process's so
 * we have to remove all the instrumentation we had previously enabled in the
 * parent.
 */
static void
fasttrap_fork(proc_t *p, proc_t *cp)
{
#ifndef illumos
        fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk;
        fasttrap_proc_t *fprc = NULL;
#endif
        pid_t ppid = p->p_pid;
        int i;

        ASSERT(curproc == p);
#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#else
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
#endif
#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(p->p_dtrace_count > 0);
#else
        /*
         * This check is purposely here instead of in kern_fork.c because,
         * for legal resons, we cannot include the dtrace_cddl.h header
         * inside kern_fork.c and insert if-clause there.
         */
        if (p->p_dtrace_count == 0 && p->p_dtrace_helpers == NULL)
                return;
#endif

        ASSERT(cp->p_dtrace_count == 0);

        /*
         * This would be simpler and faster if we maintained per-process
         * hash tables of enabled tracepoints. It could, however, potentially
         * slow down execution of a tracepoint since we'd need to go
         * through two levels of indirection. In the future, we should
         * consider either maintaining per-process ancillary lists of
         * enabled tracepoints or hanging a pointer to a per-process hash
         * table of enabled tracepoints off the proc structure.
         */

        /*
         * We don't have to worry about the child process disappearing
         * because we're in fork().
         */
#ifdef illumos
        mtx_lock_spin(&cp->p_slock);
        sprlock_proc(cp);
        mtx_unlock_spin(&cp->p_slock);
#else
        /*
         * fasttrap_tracepoint_remove() expects the child process to be
         * unlocked and the VM then expects curproc to be unlocked.
         */
        _PHOLD(cp);
        PROC_UNLOCK(cp);
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        if (p->p_dtrace_count == 0)
                goto dup_helpers;
#endif

        /*
         * Iterate over every tracepoint looking for ones that belong to the
         * parent process, and remove each from the child process.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++) {
                fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
                fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i];

                mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
                        if (tp->ftt_pid == ppid &&
                            tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
                                int ret = fasttrap_tracepoint_remove(cp, tp);
                                ASSERT(ret == 0);

                                /*
                                 * The count of active providers can only be
                                 * decremented (i.e. to zero) during exec,
                                 * exit, and removal of a meta provider so it
                                 * should be impossible to drop the count
                                 * mid-fork.
                                 */
                                ASSERT(tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0);
#ifndef illumos
                                fprc = tp->ftt_proc;
#endif
                        }
                }
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

#ifndef illumos
                /*
                 * Unmap any scratch space inherited from the parent's address
                 * space.
                 */
                if (fprc != NULL) {
                        mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
                        LIST_FOREACH(scrblk, &fprc->ftpc_scrblks, ftsb_next) {
                                vm_map_remove(&cp->p_vmspace->vm_map,
                                    scrblk->ftsb_addr,
                                    scrblk->ftsb_addr + FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE);
                        }
                        mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
                }
#endif
        }

#ifdef illumos
        mutex_enter(&cp->p_lock);
        sprunlock(cp);
#else
dup_helpers:
        if (p->p_dtrace_helpers != NULL)
                dtrace_helpers_duplicate(p, cp);
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        PROC_LOCK(cp);
        _PRELE(cp);
#endif
}

/*
 * This is called from proc_exit() or from exec_common() if p_dtrace_probes
 * is set on the proc structure to indicate that there is a pid provider
 * associated with this process.
 */
static void
fasttrap_exec_exit(proc_t *p)
{
#ifndef illumos
        struct thread *td;
#endif

#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(p == curproc);
#else
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        _PHOLD(p);
        /*
         * Since struct threads may be recycled, we cannot rely on t_dtrace_sscr
         * fields to be zeroed by kdtrace_thread_ctor. Thus we must zero it
         * ourselves when a process exits.
         */
        FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td)
                td->t_dtrace_sscr = NULL;
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif

        /*
         * We clean up the pid provider for this process here; user-land
         * static probes are handled by the meta-provider remove entry point.
         */
        fasttrap_provider_retire(p->p_pid, FASTTRAP_PID_NAME, 0);
#ifndef illumos
        if (p->p_dtrace_helpers)
                dtrace_helpers_destroy(p);
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        _PRELE(p);
#endif
}


/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_provide(void *arg, dtrace_probedesc_t *desc)
{
        /*
         * There are no "default" pid probes.
         */
}

static int
fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(proc_t *p, fasttrap_probe_t *probe, uint_t index)
{
        fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp, *new_tp = NULL;
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        fasttrap_id_t *id;
        pid_t pid;
        uintptr_t pc;

        ASSERT(index < probe->ftp_ntps);

        pid = probe->ftp_pid;
        pc = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pc;
        id = &probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_id;

        ASSERT(probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pid == pid);

#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(!(p->p_flag & SVFORK));
#endif

        /*
         * Before we make any modifications, make sure we've imposed a barrier
         * on the generation in which this probe was last modified.
         */
        fasttrap_mod_barrier(probe->ftp_gen);

        bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];

        /*
         * If the tracepoint has already been enabled, just add our id to the
         * list of interested probes. This may be our second time through
         * this path in which case we'll have constructed the tracepoint we'd
         * like to install. If we can't find a match, and have an allocated
         * tracepoint ready to go, enable that one now.
         *
         * A tracepoint whose process is defunct is also considered defunct.
         */
again:
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
        for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
                /*
                 * Note that it's safe to access the active count on the
                 * associated proc structure because we know that at least one
                 * provider (this one) will still be around throughout this
                 * operation.
                 */
                if (tp->ftt_pid != pid || tp->ftt_pc != pc ||
                    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount == 0)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Now that we've found a matching tracepoint, it would be
                 * a decent idea to confirm that the tracepoint is still
                 * enabled and the trap instruction hasn't been overwritten.
                 * Since this is a little hairy, we'll punt for now.
                 */

                /*
                 * This can't be the first interested probe. We don't have
                 * to worry about another thread being in the midst of
                 * deleting this tracepoint (which would be the only valid
                 * reason for a tracepoint to have no interested probes)
                 * since we're holding P_PR_LOCK for this process.
                 */
                ASSERT(tp->ftt_ids != NULL || tp->ftt_retids != NULL);

                switch (id->fti_ptype) {
                case DTFTP_ENTRY:
                case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
                case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
                        id->fti_next = tp->ftt_ids;
                        membar_producer();
                        tp->ftt_ids = id;
                        membar_producer();
                        break;

                case DTFTP_RETURN:
                case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
                        id->fti_next = tp->ftt_retids;
                        membar_producer();
                        tp->ftt_retids = id;
                        membar_producer();
                        break;

                default:
                        ASSERT(0);
                }

                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

                if (new_tp != NULL) {
                        new_tp->ftt_ids = NULL;
                        new_tp->ftt_retids = NULL;
                }

                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * If we have a good tracepoint ready to go, install it now while
         * we have the lock held and no one can screw with us.
         */
        if (new_tp != NULL) {
                int rc = 0;

                new_tp->ftt_next = bucket->ftb_data;
                membar_producer();
                bucket->ftb_data = new_tp;
                membar_producer();
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

                /*
                 * Activate the tracepoint in the ISA-specific manner.
                 * If this fails, we need to report the failure, but
                 * indicate that this tracepoint must still be disabled
                 * by calling fasttrap_tracepoint_disable().
                 */
                if (fasttrap_tracepoint_install(p, new_tp) != 0)
                        rc = FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL;

                /*
                 * Increment the count of the number of tracepoints active in
                 * the victim process.
                 */
#ifdef illumos
                ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#endif
                p->p_dtrace_count++;

                return (rc);
        }

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Initialize the tracepoint that's been preallocated with the probe.
         */
        new_tp = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp;

        ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_pid == pid);
        ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_pc == pc);
        ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_proc == probe->ftp_prov->ftp_proc);
        ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_ids == NULL);
        ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_retids == NULL);

        switch (id->fti_ptype) {
        case DTFTP_ENTRY:
        case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
        case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
                id->fti_next = NULL;
                new_tp->ftt_ids = id;
                break;

        case DTFTP_RETURN:
        case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
                id->fti_next = NULL;
                new_tp->ftt_retids = id;
                break;

        default:
                ASSERT(0);
        }

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
        if (SV_PROC_FLAG(p, SV_LP64))
                p->p_model = DATAMODEL_LP64;
        else
                p->p_model = DATAMODEL_ILP32;
#endif

        /*
         * If the ISA-dependent initialization goes to plan, go back to the
         * beginning and try to install this freshly made tracepoint.
         */
        if (fasttrap_tracepoint_init(p, new_tp, pc, id->fti_ptype) == 0)
                goto again;

        new_tp->ftt_ids = NULL;
        new_tp->ftt_retids = NULL;

        return (FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL);
}

static void
fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(proc_t *p, fasttrap_probe_t *probe, uint_t index)
{
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        fasttrap_provider_t *provider = probe->ftp_prov;
        fasttrap_tracepoint_t **pp, *tp;
        fasttrap_id_t *id, **idp = NULL;
        pid_t pid;
        uintptr_t pc;

        ASSERT(index < probe->ftp_ntps);

        pid = probe->ftp_pid;
        pc = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pc;
        id = &probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_id;

        ASSERT(probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pid == pid);

        /*
         * Find the tracepoint and make sure that our id is one of the
         * ones registered with it.
         */
        bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
        for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
                if (tp->ftt_pid == pid && tp->ftt_pc == pc &&
                    tp->ftt_proc == provider->ftp_proc)
                        break;
        }

        /*
         * If we somehow lost this tracepoint, we're in a world of hurt.
         */
        ASSERT(tp != NULL);

        switch (id->fti_ptype) {
        case DTFTP_ENTRY:
        case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
        case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
                ASSERT(tp->ftt_ids != NULL);
                idp = &tp->ftt_ids;
                break;

        case DTFTP_RETURN:
        case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
                ASSERT(tp->ftt_retids != NULL);
                idp = &tp->ftt_retids;
                break;

        default:
                ASSERT(0);
        }

        while ((*idp)->fti_probe != probe) {
                idp = &(*idp)->fti_next;
                ASSERT(*idp != NULL);
        }

        id = *idp;
        *idp = id->fti_next;
        membar_producer();

        ASSERT(id->fti_probe == probe);

        /*
         * If there are other registered enablings of this tracepoint, we're
         * all done, but if this was the last probe assocated with this
         * this tracepoint, we need to remove and free it.
         */
        if (tp->ftt_ids != NULL || tp->ftt_retids != NULL) {

                /*
                 * If the current probe's tracepoint is in use, swap it
                 * for an unused tracepoint.
                 */
                if (tp == probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp) {
                        fasttrap_probe_t *tmp_probe;
                        fasttrap_tracepoint_t **tmp_tp;
                        uint_t tmp_index;

                        if (tp->ftt_ids != NULL) {
                                tmp_probe = tp->ftt_ids->fti_probe;
                                /* LINTED - alignment */
                                tmp_index = FASTTRAP_ID_INDEX(tp->ftt_ids);
                                tmp_tp = &tmp_probe->ftp_tps[tmp_index].fit_tp;
                        } else {
                                tmp_probe = tp->ftt_retids->fti_probe;
                                /* LINTED - alignment */
                                tmp_index = FASTTRAP_ID_INDEX(tp->ftt_retids);
                                tmp_tp = &tmp_probe->ftp_tps[tmp_index].fit_tp;
                        }

                        ASSERT(*tmp_tp != NULL);
                        ASSERT(*tmp_tp != probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp);
                        ASSERT((*tmp_tp)->ftt_ids == NULL);
                        ASSERT((*tmp_tp)->ftt_retids == NULL);

                        probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp = *tmp_tp;
                        *tmp_tp = tp;
                }

                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

                /*
                 * Tag the modified probe with the generation in which it was
                 * changed.
                 */
                probe->ftp_gen = fasttrap_mod_gen;
                return;
        }

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * We can't safely remove the tracepoint from the set of active
         * tracepoints until we've actually removed the fasttrap instruction
         * from the process's text. We can, however, operate on this
         * tracepoint secure in the knowledge that no other thread is going to
         * be looking at it since we hold P_PR_LOCK on the process if it's
         * live or we hold the provider lock on the process if it's dead and
         * gone.
         */

        /*
         * We only need to remove the actual instruction if we're looking
         * at an existing process
         */
        if (p != NULL) {
                /*
                 * If we fail to restore the instruction we need to kill
                 * this process since it's in a completely unrecoverable
                 * state.
                 */
                if (fasttrap_tracepoint_remove(p, tp) != 0)
                        fasttrap_sigtrap(p, NULL, pc);

                /*
                 * Decrement the count of the number of tracepoints active
                 * in the victim process.
                 */
#ifdef illumos
                ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#endif
                p->p_dtrace_count--;
        }

        /*
         * Remove the probe from the hash table of active tracepoints.
         */
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
        pp = (fasttrap_tracepoint_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
        ASSERT(*pp != NULL);
        while (*pp != tp) {
                pp = &(*pp)->ftt_next;
                ASSERT(*pp != NULL);
        }

        *pp = tp->ftt_next;
        membar_producer();

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Tag the modified probe with the generation in which it was changed.
         */
        probe->ftp_gen = fasttrap_mod_gen;
}

static void
fasttrap_enable_callbacks(void)
{
        /*
         * We don't have to play the rw lock game here because we're
         * providing something rather than taking something away --
         * we can be sure that no threads have tried to follow this
         * function pointer yet.
         */
        mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
        if (fasttrap_pid_count == 0) {
                ASSERT(dtrace_pid_probe_ptr == NULL);
                ASSERT(dtrace_return_probe_ptr == NULL);
                dtrace_pid_probe_ptr = &fasttrap_pid_probe;
                dtrace_return_probe_ptr = &fasttrap_return_probe;
        }
        ASSERT(dtrace_pid_probe_ptr == &fasttrap_pid_probe);
        ASSERT(dtrace_return_probe_ptr == &fasttrap_return_probe);
        fasttrap_pid_count++;
        mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
}

static void
fasttrap_disable_callbacks(void)
{
#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif


        mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_pid_count > 0);
        fasttrap_pid_count--;
        if (fasttrap_pid_count == 0) {
#ifdef illumos
                cpu_t *cur, *cpu = CPU;

                for (cur = cpu->cpu_next_onln; cur != cpu;
                    cur = cur->cpu_next_onln) {
                        rw_enter(&cur->cpu_ft_lock, RW_WRITER);
                }
#endif
                dtrace_pid_probe_ptr = NULL;
                dtrace_return_probe_ptr = NULL;
#ifdef illumos
                for (cur = cpu->cpu_next_onln; cur != cpu;
                    cur = cur->cpu_next_onln) {
                        rw_exit(&cur->cpu_ft_lock);
                }
#endif
        }
        mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_enable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
        fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
        proc_t *p = NULL;
        int i, rc;

        ASSERT(probe != NULL);
        ASSERT(!probe->ftp_enabled);
        ASSERT(id == probe->ftp_id);
#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif

        /*
         * Increment the count of enabled probes on this probe's provider;
         * the provider can't go away while the probe still exists. We
         * must increment this even if we aren't able to properly enable
         * this probe.
         */
        mutex_enter(&probe->ftp_prov->ftp_mtx);
        probe->ftp_prov->ftp_rcount++;
        mutex_exit(&probe->ftp_prov->ftp_mtx);

        /*
         * If this probe's provider is retired (meaning it was valid in a
         * previously exec'ed incarnation of this address space), bail out. The
         * provider can't go away while we're in this code path.
         */
        if (probe->ftp_prov->ftp_retired)
                return;

        /*
         * If we can't find the process, it may be that we're in the context of
         * a fork in which the traced process is being born and we're copying
         * USDT probes. Otherwise, the process is gone so bail.
         */
#ifdef illumos
        if ((p = sprlock(probe->ftp_pid)) == NULL) {
                if ((curproc->p_flag & SFORKING) == 0)
                        return;

                mutex_enter(&pidlock);
                p = prfind(probe->ftp_pid);

                if (p == NULL) {
                        /*
                         * So it's not that the target process is being born,
                         * it's that it isn't there at all (and we simply
                         * happen to be forking).  Anyway, we know that the
                         * target is definitely gone, so bail out.
                         */
                        mutex_exit(&pidlock);
                        return (0);
                }

                /*
                 * Confirm that curproc is indeed forking the process in which
                 * we're trying to enable probes.
                 */
                ASSERT(p->p_parent == curproc);
                ASSERT(p->p_stat == SIDL);

                mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
                mutex_exit(&pidlock);

                sprlock_proc(p);
        }

        ASSERT(!(p->p_flag & SVFORK));
        mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
#else
        if (pget(probe->ftp_pid, PGET_HOLD | PGET_NOTWEXIT, &p) != 0)
                return;
#endif

        /*
         * We have to enable the trap entry point before any user threads have
         * the chance to execute the trap instruction we're about to place
         * in their process's text.
         */
        fasttrap_enable_callbacks();

        /*
         * Enable all the tracepoints and add this probe's id to each
         * tracepoint's list of active probes.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
                if ((rc = fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(p, probe, i)) != 0) {
                        /*
                         * If enabling the tracepoint failed completely,
                         * we don't have to disable it; if the failure
                         * was only partial we must disable it.
                         */
                        if (rc == FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL)
                                i--;
                        else
                                ASSERT(rc == FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL);

                        /*
                         * Back up and pull out all the tracepoints we've
                         * created so far for this probe.
                         */
                        while (i >= 0) {
                                fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(p, probe, i);
                                i--;
                        }

#ifdef illumos
                        mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
                        sprunlock(p);
#else
                        PRELE(p);
#endif

                        /*
                         * Since we're not actually enabling this probe,
                         * drop our reference on the trap table entry.
                         */
                        fasttrap_disable_callbacks();
                        return;
                }
        }
#ifdef illumos
        mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
        sprunlock(p);
#else
        PRELE(p);
#endif

        probe->ftp_enabled = 1;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_disable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
        fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
        fasttrap_provider_t *provider = probe->ftp_prov;
        proc_t *p;
        int i, whack = 0;

        ASSERT(id == probe->ftp_id);

        mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);

        /*
         * We won't be able to acquire a /proc-esque lock on the process
         * iff the process is dead and gone. In this case, we rely on the
         * provider lock as a point of mutual exclusion to prevent other
         * DTrace consumers from disabling this probe.
         */
        if (pget(probe->ftp_pid, PGET_HOLD | PGET_NOTWEXIT, &p) != 0)
                p = NULL;

        /*
         * Disable all the associated tracepoints (for fully enabled probes).
         */
        if (probe->ftp_enabled) {
                for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
                        fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(p, probe, i);
                }
        }

        ASSERT(provider->ftp_rcount > 0);
        provider->ftp_rcount--;

        if (p != NULL) {
                /*
                 * Even though we may not be able to remove it entirely, we
                 * mark this retired provider to get a chance to remove some
                 * of the associated probes.
                 */
                if (provider->ftp_retired && !provider->ftp_marked)
                        whack = provider->ftp_marked = 1;
                mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);
        } else {
                /*
                 * If the process is dead, we're just waiting for the
                 * last probe to be disabled to be able to free it.
                 */
                if (provider->ftp_rcount == 0 && !provider->ftp_marked)
                        whack = provider->ftp_marked = 1;
                mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);
        }

        if (whack)
                fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
        if (p != NULL)
                PRELE(p);
#endif
        if (!probe->ftp_enabled)
                return;

        probe->ftp_enabled = 0;

#ifdef illumos
        ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif
        fasttrap_disable_callbacks();
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_getargdesc(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg,
    dtrace_argdesc_t *desc)
{
        fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
        char *str;
        int i, ndx;

        desc->dtargd_native[0] = '\0';
        desc->dtargd_xlate[0] = '\0';

        if (probe->ftp_prov->ftp_retired != 0 ||
            desc->dtargd_ndx >= probe->ftp_nargs) {
                desc->dtargd_ndx = DTRACE_ARGNONE;
                return;
        }

        ndx = (probe->ftp_argmap != NULL) ?
            probe->ftp_argmap[desc->dtargd_ndx] : desc->dtargd_ndx;

        str = probe->ftp_ntypes;
        for (i = 0; i < ndx; i++) {
                str += strlen(str) + 1;
        }

        ASSERT(strlen(str + 1) < sizeof (desc->dtargd_native));
        (void) strcpy(desc->dtargd_native, str);

        if (probe->ftp_xtypes == NULL)
                return;

        str = probe->ftp_xtypes;
        for (i = 0; i < desc->dtargd_ndx; i++) {
                str += strlen(str) + 1;
        }

        ASSERT(strlen(str + 1) < sizeof (desc->dtargd_xlate));
        (void) strcpy(desc->dtargd_xlate, str);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_destroy(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
        fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
        int i;
        size_t size;

        ASSERT(probe != NULL);
        ASSERT(!probe->ftp_enabled);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_total >= probe->ftp_ntps);

        atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -probe->ftp_ntps);
        size = offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t, ftp_tps[probe->ftp_ntps]);

        if (probe->ftp_gen + 1 >= fasttrap_mod_gen)
                fasttrap_mod_barrier(probe->ftp_gen);

        for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
                kmem_free(probe->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp,
                    sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t));
        }

        kmem_free(probe, size);
}


static const dtrace_pattr_t pid_attr = {
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
};

static dtrace_pops_t pid_pops = {
        .dtps_provide =         fasttrap_pid_provide,
        .dtps_provide_module =  NULL,
        .dtps_enable =          fasttrap_pid_enable,
        .dtps_disable =         fasttrap_pid_disable,
        .dtps_suspend =         NULL,
        .dtps_resume =          NULL,
        .dtps_getargdesc =      fasttrap_pid_getargdesc,
        .dtps_getargval =       fasttrap_pid_getarg,
        .dtps_usermode =        NULL,
        .dtps_destroy =         fasttrap_pid_destroy
};

static dtrace_pops_t usdt_pops = {
        .dtps_provide =         fasttrap_pid_provide,
        .dtps_provide_module =  NULL,
        .dtps_enable =          fasttrap_pid_enable,
        .dtps_disable =         fasttrap_pid_disable,
        .dtps_suspend =         NULL,
        .dtps_resume =          NULL,
        .dtps_getargdesc =      fasttrap_pid_getargdesc,
        .dtps_getargval =       fasttrap_usdt_getarg,
        .dtps_usermode =        NULL,
        .dtps_destroy =         fasttrap_pid_destroy
};

static fasttrap_proc_t *
fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid_t pid)
{
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        fasttrap_proc_t *fprc, *new_fprc;


        bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
                if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid && fprc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
                        mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        fprc->ftpc_rcount++;
                        atomic_inc_64(&fprc->ftpc_acount);
                        ASSERT(fprc->ftpc_acount <= fprc->ftpc_rcount);
                        mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

                        return (fprc);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Drop the bucket lock so we don't try to perform a sleeping
         * allocation under it.
         */
        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        new_fprc = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t), KM_SLEEP);
        new_fprc->ftpc_pid = pid;
        new_fprc->ftpc_rcount = 1;
        new_fprc->ftpc_acount = 1;
#ifndef illumos
        mutex_init(&new_fprc->ftpc_mtx, "fasttrap proc mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT,
            NULL);
#endif

        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Take another lap through the list to make sure a proc hasn't
         * been created for this pid while we weren't under the bucket lock.
         */
        for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
                if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid && fprc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
                        mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        fprc->ftpc_rcount++;
                        atomic_inc_64(&fprc->ftpc_acount);
                        ASSERT(fprc->ftpc_acount <= fprc->ftpc_rcount);
                        mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

                        kmem_free(new_fprc, sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t));

                        return (fprc);
                }
        }

        new_fprc->ftpc_next = bucket->ftb_data;
        bucket->ftb_data = new_fprc;

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        return (new_fprc);
}

static void
fasttrap_proc_release(fasttrap_proc_t *proc)
{
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        fasttrap_proc_t *fprc, **fprcp;
        pid_t pid = proc->ftpc_pid;
#ifndef illumos
        fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk, *scrblktmp;
        fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc, *scrspctmp;
        struct proc *p;
        struct thread *td;
#endif

        mutex_enter(&proc->ftpc_mtx);

        ASSERT(proc->ftpc_rcount != 0);
        ASSERT(proc->ftpc_acount <= proc->ftpc_rcount);

        if (--proc->ftpc_rcount != 0) {
                mutex_exit(&proc->ftpc_mtx);
                return;
        }

#ifndef illumos
        /*
         * Free all structures used to manage per-thread scratch space.
         */
        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrblk, &proc->ftpc_scrblks, ftsb_next,
            scrblktmp) {
                LIST_REMOVE(scrblk, ftsb_next);
                free(scrblk, M_SOLARIS);
        }
        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrspc, &proc->ftpc_fscr, ftss_next, scrspctmp) {
                LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
                free(scrspc, M_SOLARIS);
        }
        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrspc, &proc->ftpc_ascr, ftss_next, scrspctmp) {
                LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
                free(scrspc, M_SOLARIS);
        }

        if ((p = pfind(pid)) != NULL) {
                FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td)
                        td->t_dtrace_sscr = NULL;
                PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        }
#endif

        mutex_exit(&proc->ftpc_mtx);

        /*
         * There should definitely be no live providers associated with this
         * process at this point.
         */
        ASSERT(proc->ftpc_acount == 0);

        bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        fprcp = (fasttrap_proc_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
        while ((fprc = *fprcp) != NULL) {
                if (fprc == proc)
                        break;

                fprcp = &fprc->ftpc_next;
        }

        /*
         * Something strange has happened if we can't find the proc.
         */
        ASSERT(fprc != NULL);

        *fprcp = fprc->ftpc_next;

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        kmem_free(fprc, sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t));
}

/*
 * Lookup a fasttrap-managed provider based on its name and associated pid.
 * If the pattr argument is non-NULL, this function instantiates the provider
 * if it doesn't exist otherwise it returns NULL. The provider is returned
 * with its lock held.
 */
static fasttrap_provider_t *
fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid_t pid, const char *name,
    const dtrace_pattr_t *pattr)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t *fp, *new_fp = NULL;
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        char provname[DTRACE_PROVNAMELEN];
        proc_t *p;
        cred_t *cred;

        ASSERT(strlen(name) < sizeof (fp->ftp_name));
        ASSERT(pattr != NULL);

        bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name)];
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Take a lap through the list and return the match if we find it.
         */
        for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
                if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
                    !fp->ftp_retired) {
                        mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        return (fp);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Drop the bucket lock so we don't try to perform a sleeping
         * allocation under it.
         */
        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Make sure the process exists, isn't a child created as the result
         * of a vfork(2), and isn't a zombie (but may be in fork).
         */
        if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL)
                return (NULL);

        /*
         * Increment p_dtrace_probes so that the process knows to inform us
         * when it exits or execs. fasttrap_provider_free() decrements this
         * when we're done with this provider.
         */
        p->p_dtrace_probes++;

        /*
         * Grab the credentials for this process so we have
         * something to pass to dtrace_register().
         */
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        crhold(p->p_ucred);
        cred = p->p_ucred;
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);

        new_fp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_provider_t), KM_SLEEP);
        new_fp->ftp_pid = pid;
        new_fp->ftp_proc = fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid);
#ifndef illumos
        mutex_init(&new_fp->ftp_mtx, "provider mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
        mutex_init(&new_fp->ftp_cmtx, "lock on creating", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

        ASSERT(new_fp->ftp_proc != NULL);

        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        /*
         * Take another lap through the list to make sure a provider hasn't
         * been created for this pid while we weren't under the bucket lock.
         */
        for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
                if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
                    !fp->ftp_retired) {
                        mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                        fasttrap_provider_free(new_fp);
                        crfree(cred);
                        return (fp);
                }
        }

        (void) strcpy(new_fp->ftp_name, name);

        /*
         * Fail and return NULL if either the provider name is too long
         * or we fail to register this new provider with the DTrace
         * framework. Note that this is the only place we ever construct
         * the full provider name -- we keep it in pieces in the provider
         * structure.
         */
        if (snprintf(provname, sizeof (provname), "%s%u", name, (uint_t)pid) >=
            sizeof (provname) ||
            dtrace_register(provname, pattr,
            DTRACE_PRIV_PROC | DTRACE_PRIV_OWNER | DTRACE_PRIV_ZONEOWNER, cred,
            pattr == &pid_attr ? &pid_pops : &usdt_pops, new_fp,
            &new_fp->ftp_provid) != 0) {
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                fasttrap_provider_free(new_fp);
                crfree(cred);
                return (NULL);
        }

        new_fp->ftp_next = bucket->ftb_data;
        bucket->ftb_data = new_fp;

        mutex_enter(&new_fp->ftp_mtx);
        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        crfree(cred);
        return (new_fp);
}

static void
fasttrap_provider_free(fasttrap_provider_t *provider)
{
        pid_t pid = provider->ftp_pid;
        proc_t *p;

        /*
         * There need to be no associated enabled probes, no consumers
         * creating probes, and no meta providers referencing this provider.
         */
        ASSERT(provider->ftp_rcount == 0);
        ASSERT(provider->ftp_ccount == 0);
        ASSERT(provider->ftp_mcount == 0);

        /*
         * If this provider hasn't been retired, we need to explicitly drop the
         * count of active providers on the associated process structure.
         */
        if (!provider->ftp_retired) {
                atomic_dec_64(&provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount);
                ASSERT(provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount <
                    provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_rcount);
        }

        fasttrap_proc_release(provider->ftp_proc);

#ifndef illumos
        mutex_destroy(&provider->ftp_mtx);
        mutex_destroy(&provider->ftp_cmtx);
#endif
        kmem_free(provider, sizeof (fasttrap_provider_t));

        /*
         * Decrement p_dtrace_probes on the process whose provider we're
         * freeing. We don't have to worry about clobbering somone else's
         * modifications to it because we have locked the bucket that
         * corresponds to this process's hash chain in the provider hash
         * table. Don't sweat it if we can't find the process.
         */
        if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL) {
                return;
        }

        p->p_dtrace_probes--;
#ifndef illumos
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif
}

static void
fasttrap_provider_retire(pid_t pid, const char *name, int mprov)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t *fp;
        fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
        dtrace_provider_id_t provid;

        ASSERT(strlen(name) < sizeof (fp->ftp_name));

        bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name)];
        mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
                if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
                    !fp->ftp_retired)
                        break;
        }

        if (fp == NULL) {
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                return;
        }

        mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
        ASSERT(!mprov || fp->ftp_mcount > 0);
        if (mprov && --fp->ftp_mcount != 0)  {
                mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);
                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Mark the provider to be removed in our post-processing step, mark it
         * retired, and drop the active count on its proc. Marking it indicates
         * that we should try to remove it; setting the retired flag indicates
         * that we're done with this provider; dropping the active the proc
         * releases our hold, and when this reaches zero (as it will during
         * exit or exec) the proc and associated providers become defunct.
         *
         * We obviously need to take the bucket lock before the provider lock
         * to perform the lookup, but we need to drop the provider lock
         * before calling into the DTrace framework since we acquire the
         * provider lock in callbacks invoked from the DTrace framework. The
         * bucket lock therefore protects the integrity of the provider hash
         * table.
         */
        atomic_dec_64(&fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount);
        ASSERT(fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount < fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_rcount);

        fp->ftp_retired = 1;
        fp->ftp_marked = 1;
        provid = fp->ftp_provid;
        mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

        /*
         * We don't have to worry about invalidating the same provider twice
         * since fasttrap_provider_lookup() will ignore provider that have
         * been marked as retired.
         */
        dtrace_invalidate(provid);

        mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

        fasttrap_pid_cleanup();
}

static int
fasttrap_uint32_cmp(const void *ap, const void *bp)
{
        return (*(const uint32_t *)ap - *(const uint32_t *)bp);
}

static int
fasttrap_uint64_cmp(const void *ap, const void *bp)
{
        return (*(const uint64_t *)ap - *(const uint64_t *)bp);
}

static int
fasttrap_add_probe(fasttrap_probe_spec_t *pdata)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t *provider;
        fasttrap_probe_t *pp;
        fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
        char *name;
        int i, aframes = 0, whack;

        /*
         * There needs to be at least one desired trace point.
         */
        if (pdata->ftps_noffs == 0)
                return (EINVAL);

        switch (pdata->ftps_type) {
        case DTFTP_ENTRY:
                name = "entry";
                aframes = FASTTRAP_ENTRY_AFRAMES;
                break;
        case DTFTP_RETURN:
                name = "return";
                aframes = FASTTRAP_RETURN_AFRAMES;
                break;
        case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
                name = NULL;
                break;
        default:
                return (EINVAL);
        }

        if ((provider = fasttrap_provider_lookup(pdata->ftps_pid,
            FASTTRAP_PID_NAME, &pid_attr)) == NULL)
                return (ESRCH);

        /*
         * Increment this reference count to indicate that a consumer is
         * actively adding a new probe associated with this provider. This
         * prevents the provider from being deleted -- we'll need to check
         * for pending deletions when we drop this reference count.
         */
        provider->ftp_ccount++;
        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

        /*
         * Grab the creation lock to ensure consistency between calls to
         * dtrace_probe_lookup() and dtrace_probe_create() in the face of
         * other threads creating probes. We must drop the provider lock
         * before taking this lock to avoid a three-way deadlock with the
         * DTrace framework.
         */
        mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_cmtx);

        if (name == NULL) {
                for (i = 0; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
                        char name_str[17];

                        (void) sprintf(name_str, "%llx",
                            (unsigned long long)pdata->ftps_offs[i]);

                        if (dtrace_probe_lookup(provider->ftp_provid,
                            pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name_str) != 0)
                                continue;

                        atomic_inc_32(&fasttrap_total);

                        if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
                                atomic_dec_32(&fasttrap_total);
                                goto no_mem;
                        }

                        pp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_probe_t), KM_SLEEP);

                        pp->ftp_prov = provider;
                        pp->ftp_faddr = pdata->ftps_pc;
                        pp->ftp_fsize = pdata->ftps_size;
                        pp->ftp_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;
                        pp->ftp_ntps = 1;

                        tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t),
                            KM_SLEEP);

                        tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
                        tp->ftt_pc = pdata->ftps_offs[i] + pdata->ftps_pc;
                        tp->ftt_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;

                        pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_tp = tp;
                        pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
                        pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_id.fti_ptype = pdata->ftps_type;

                        pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid,
                            pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name_str,
                            FASTTRAP_OFFSET_AFRAMES, pp);
                }

        } else if (dtrace_probe_lookup(provider->ftp_provid, pdata->ftps_mod,
            pdata->ftps_func, name) == 0) {
                atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, pdata->ftps_noffs);

                if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
                        atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -pdata->ftps_noffs);
                        goto no_mem;
                }

                /*
                 * Make sure all tracepoint program counter values are unique.
                 * We later assume that each probe has exactly one tracepoint
                 * for a given pc.
                 */
                qsort(pdata->ftps_offs, pdata->ftps_noffs,
                    sizeof (uint64_t), fasttrap_uint64_cmp);
                for (i = 1; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
                        if (pdata->ftps_offs[i] > pdata->ftps_offs[i - 1])
                                continue;

                        atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -pdata->ftps_noffs);
                        goto no_mem;
                }

                ASSERT(pdata->ftps_noffs > 0);
                pp = kmem_zalloc(offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t,
                    ftp_tps[pdata->ftps_noffs]), KM_SLEEP);

                pp->ftp_prov = provider;
                pp->ftp_faddr = pdata->ftps_pc;
                pp->ftp_fsize = pdata->ftps_size;
                pp->ftp_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;
                pp->ftp_ntps = pdata->ftps_noffs;

                for (i = 0; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
                        tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t),
                            KM_SLEEP);

                        tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
                        tp->ftt_pc = pdata->ftps_offs[i] + pdata->ftps_pc;
                        tp->ftt_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;

                        pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
                        pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
                        pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = pdata->ftps_type;
                }

                pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid,
                    pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name, aframes, pp);
        }

        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_cmtx);

        /*
         * We know that the provider is still valid since we incremented the
         * creation reference count. If someone tried to clean up this provider
         * while we were using it (e.g. because the process called exec(2) or
         * exit(2)), take note of that and try to clean it up now.
         */
        mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);
        provider->ftp_ccount--;
        whack = provider->ftp_retired;
        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

        if (whack)
                fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

        return (0);

no_mem:
        /*
         * If we've exhausted the allowable resources, we'll try to remove
         * this provider to free some up. This is to cover the case where
         * the user has accidentally created many more probes than was
         * intended (e.g. pid123:::).
         */
        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_cmtx);
        mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);
        provider->ftp_ccount--;
        provider->ftp_marked = 1;
        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

        fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

        return (ENOMEM);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void *
fasttrap_meta_provide(void *arg, dtrace_helper_provdesc_t *dhpv, pid_t pid)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t *provider;

        /*
         * A 32-bit unsigned integer (like a pid for example) can be
         * expressed in 10 or fewer decimal digits. Make sure that we'll
         * have enough space for the provider name.
         */
        if (strlen(dhpv->dthpv_provname) + 10 >=
            sizeof (provider->ftp_name)) {
                printf("failed to instantiate provider %s: "
                    "name too long to accomodate pid", dhpv->dthpv_provname);
                return (NULL);
        }

        /*
         * Don't let folks spoof the true pid provider.
         */
        if (strcmp(dhpv->dthpv_provname, FASTTRAP_PID_NAME) == 0) {
                printf("failed to instantiate provider %s: "
                    "%s is an invalid name", dhpv->dthpv_provname,
                    FASTTRAP_PID_NAME);
                return (NULL);
        }

        /*
         * The highest stability class that fasttrap supports is ISA; cap
         * the stability of the new provider accordingly.
         */
        if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_provider.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
                dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_provider.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
        if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_mod.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
                dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_mod.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
        if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_func.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
                dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_func.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
        if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_name.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
                dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_name.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
        if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_args.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
                dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_args.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;

        if ((provider = fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid, dhpv->dthpv_provname,
            &dhpv->dthpv_pattr)) == NULL) {
                printf("failed to instantiate provider %s for "
                    "process %u",  dhpv->dthpv_provname, (uint_t)pid);
                return (NULL);
        }

        /*
         * Up the meta provider count so this provider isn't removed until
         * the meta provider has been told to remove it.
         */
        provider->ftp_mcount++;

        mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

        return (provider);
}

/*
 * We know a few things about our context here:  we know that the probe being
 * created doesn't already exist (DTrace won't load DOF at the same address
 * twice, even if explicitly told to do so) and we know that we are
 * single-threaded with respect to the meta provider machinery. Knowing that
 * this is a new probe and that there is no way for us to race with another
 * operation on this provider allows us an important optimization: we need not
 * lookup a probe before adding it.  Saving this lookup is important because
 * this code is in the fork path for processes with USDT probes, and lookups
 * here are potentially very expensive because of long hash conflicts on
 * module, function and name (DTrace doesn't hash on provider name).
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_meta_create_probe(void *arg, void *parg,
    dtrace_helper_probedesc_t *dhpb)
{
        fasttrap_provider_t *provider = parg;
        fasttrap_probe_t *pp;
        fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
        int i, j;
        uint32_t ntps;

        /*
         * Since the meta provider count is non-zero we don't have to worry
         * about this provider disappearing.
         */
        ASSERT(provider->ftp_mcount > 0);

        /*
         * The offsets must be unique.
         */
        qsort(dhpb->dthpb_offs, dhpb->dthpb_noffs, sizeof (uint32_t),
            fasttrap_uint32_cmp);
        for (i = 1; i < dhpb->dthpb_noffs; i++) {
                if (dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i] <=
                    dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i - 1])
                        return;
        }

        qsort(dhpb->dthpb_enoffs, dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs, sizeof (uint32_t),
            fasttrap_uint32_cmp);
        for (i = 1; i < dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs; i++) {
                if (dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[i] <=
                    dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[i - 1])
                        return;
        }

        ntps = dhpb->dthpb_noffs + dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs;
        ASSERT(ntps > 0);

        atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, ntps);

        if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
                atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -ntps);
                return;
        }

        pp = kmem_zalloc(offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t, ftp_tps[ntps]), KM_SLEEP);

        pp->ftp_prov = provider;
        pp->ftp_pid = provider->ftp_pid;
        pp->ftp_ntps = ntps;
        pp->ftp_nargs = dhpb->dthpb_xargc;
        pp->ftp_xtypes = dhpb->dthpb_xtypes;
        pp->ftp_ntypes = dhpb->dthpb_ntypes;

        /*
         * First create a tracepoint for each actual point of interest.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < dhpb->dthpb_noffs; i++) {
                tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t), KM_SLEEP);

                tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
                tp->ftt_pc = dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i];
                tp->ftt_pid = provider->ftp_pid;

                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
#ifdef __sparc
                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS;
#else
                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_OFFSETS;
#endif
        }

        /*
         * Then create a tracepoint for each is-enabled point.
         */
        for (j = 0; i < ntps; i++, j++) {
                tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t), KM_SLEEP);

                tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
                tp->ftt_pc = dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[j];
                tp->ftt_pid = provider->ftp_pid;

                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
                pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_IS_ENABLED;
        }

        /*
         * If the arguments are shuffled around we set the argument remapping
         * table. Later, when the probe fires, we only remap the arguments
         * if the table is non-NULL.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < dhpb->dthpb_xargc; i++) {
                if (dhpb->dthpb_args[i] != i) {
                        pp->ftp_argmap = dhpb->dthpb_args;
                        break;
                }
        }

        /*
         * The probe is fully constructed -- register it with DTrace.
         */
        pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid, dhpb->dthpb_mod,
            dhpb->dthpb_func, dhpb->dthpb_name, FASTTRAP_OFFSET_AFRAMES, pp);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_meta_remove(void *arg, dtrace_helper_provdesc_t *dhpv, pid_t pid)
{
        /*
         * Clean up the USDT provider. There may be active consumers of the
         * provider busy adding probes, no damage will actually befall the
         * provider until that count has dropped to zero. This just puts
         * the provider on death row.
         */
        fasttrap_provider_retire(pid, dhpv->dthpv_provname, 1);
}

static dtrace_mops_t fasttrap_mops = {
        .dtms_create_probe =    fasttrap_meta_create_probe,
        .dtms_provide_pid =     fasttrap_meta_provide,
        .dtms_remove_pid =      fasttrap_meta_remove
};

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
fasttrap_open(struct cdev *dev __unused, int oflags __unused,
    int devtype __unused, struct thread *td __unused)
{
        return (0);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
fasttrap_ioctl(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t arg, int fflag,
    struct thread *td)
{
        if (!dtrace_attached())
                return (EAGAIN);

        if (cmd == FASTTRAPIOC_MAKEPROBE) {
                fasttrap_probe_spec_t *uprobe = *(fasttrap_probe_spec_t **)arg;
                fasttrap_probe_spec_t *probe;
                uint64_t noffs;
                size_t size;
                int ret, err;

                if (copyin(&uprobe->ftps_noffs, &noffs,
                    sizeof (uprobe->ftps_noffs)))
                        return (EFAULT);

                /*
                 * Probes must have at least one tracepoint.
                 */
                if (noffs == 0)
                        return (EINVAL);

                size = sizeof (fasttrap_probe_spec_t) +
                    sizeof (probe->ftps_offs[0]) * (noffs - 1);

                if (size > 1024 * 1024)
                        return (ENOMEM);

                probe = kmem_alloc(size, KM_SLEEP);

                if (copyin(uprobe, probe, size) != 0 ||
                    probe->ftps_noffs != noffs) {
                        kmem_free(probe, size);
                        return (EFAULT);
                }

                /*
                 * Verify that the function and module strings contain no
                 * funny characters.
                 */
                if (u8_validate(probe->ftps_func, strlen(probe->ftps_func),
                    NULL, U8_VALIDATE_ENTIRE, &err) < 0) {
                        ret = EINVAL;
                        goto err;
                }

                if (u8_validate(probe->ftps_mod, strlen(probe->ftps_mod),
                    NULL, U8_VALIDATE_ENTIRE, &err) < 0) {
                        ret = EINVAL;
                        goto err;
                }

#ifdef notyet
                if (!PRIV_POLICY_CHOICE(cr, PRIV_ALL, B_FALSE)) {
                        proc_t *p;
                        pid_t pid = probe->ftps_pid;

                        mutex_enter(&pidlock);
                        /*
                         * Report an error if the process doesn't exist
                         * or is actively being birthed.
                         */
                        if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL || p->p_stat == SIDL) {
                                mutex_exit(&pidlock);
                                return (ESRCH);
                        }
                        mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
                        mutex_exit(&pidlock);

                        if ((ret = priv_proc_cred_perm(cr, p, NULL,
                            VREAD | VWRITE)) != 0) {
                                mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
                                return (ret);
                        }
                        mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
                }
#endif /* notyet */

                ret = fasttrap_add_probe(probe);
err:
                kmem_free(probe, size);

                return (ret);

        } else if (cmd == FASTTRAPIOC_GETINSTR) {
                fasttrap_instr_query_t instr;
                fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
                uint_t index;
#ifdef notyet
                int ret;
#endif

#ifdef illumos
                if (copyin((void *)arg, &instr, sizeof (instr)) != 0)
                        return (EFAULT);
#endif

#ifdef notyet
                if (!PRIV_POLICY_CHOICE(cr, PRIV_ALL, B_FALSE)) {
                        proc_t *p;
                        pid_t pid = instr.ftiq_pid;

                        mutex_enter(&pidlock);
                        /*
                         * Report an error if the process doesn't exist
                         * or is actively being birthed.
                         */
                        if ((p == pfind(pid)) == NULL || p->p_stat == SIDL) {
                                mutex_exit(&pidlock);
                                return (ESRCH);
                        }
                        mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
                        mutex_exit(&pidlock);

                        if ((ret = priv_proc_cred_perm(cr, p, NULL,
                            VREAD)) != 0) {
                                mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
                                return (ret);
                        }

                        mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
                }
#endif /* notyet */

                index = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(instr.ftiq_pid, instr.ftiq_pc);

                mutex_enter(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);
                tp = fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_data;
                while (tp != NULL) {
                        if (instr.ftiq_pid == tp->ftt_pid &&
                            instr.ftiq_pc == tp->ftt_pc &&
                            tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0)
                                break;

                        tp = tp->ftt_next;
                }

                if (tp == NULL) {
                        mutex_exit(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);
                        return (ENOENT);
                }

                bcopy(&tp->ftt_instr, &instr.ftiq_instr,
                    sizeof (instr.ftiq_instr));
                mutex_exit(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);

                if (copyout(&instr, (void *)arg, sizeof (instr)) != 0)
                        return (EFAULT);

                return (0);
        }

        return (EINVAL);
}

static int
fasttrap_load(void)
{
        ulong_t nent;
        int i, ret;

        /* Create the /dev/dtrace/fasttrap entry. */
        fasttrap_cdev = make_dev(&fasttrap_cdevsw, 0, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600,
            "dtrace/fasttrap");

        mtx_init(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx, "fasttrap clean", "dtrace", MTX_DEF);
        mutex_init(&fasttrap_count_mtx, "fasttrap count mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT,
            NULL);

#ifdef illumos
        fasttrap_max = ddi_getprop(DDI_DEV_T_ANY, devi, DDI_PROP_DONTPASS,
            "fasttrap-max-probes", FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT);
#endif
        fasttrap_total = 0;

        /*
         * Conjure up the tracepoints hashtable...
         */
#ifdef illumos
        nent = ddi_getprop(DDI_DEV_T_ANY, devi, DDI_PROP_DONTPASS,
            "fasttrap-hash-size", FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE);
#else
        nent = tpoints_hash_size;
#endif

        if (nent == 0 || nent > 0x1000000)
                nent = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE;

        tpoints_hash_size = nent;

        if (ISP2(nent))
                fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = nent;
        else
                fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent > 0);
        fasttrap_tpoints.fth_mask = fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent - 1;
        fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent *
            sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_init(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx,
                    "tracepoints bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

        /*
         * ... and the providers hash table...
         */
        nent = FASTTRAP_PROVIDERS_DEFAULT_SIZE;
        if (ISP2(nent))
                fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = nent;
        else
                fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_provs.fth_nent > 0);
        fasttrap_provs.fth_mask = fasttrap_provs.fth_nent - 1;
        fasttrap_provs.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_provs.fth_nent *
            sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_init(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx, 
                    "providers bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

        ret = kproc_create(fasttrap_pid_cleanup_cb, NULL,
            &fasttrap_cleanup_proc, 0, 0, "ftcleanup");
        if (ret != 0) {
                destroy_dev(fasttrap_cdev);
#ifndef illumos
                for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
                        mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
                for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
                        mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
#endif
                kmem_free(fasttrap_provs.fth_table, fasttrap_provs.fth_nent *
                    sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
                mtx_destroy(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
                mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
                return (ret);
        }


        /*
         * ... and the procs hash table.
         */
        nent = FASTTRAP_PROCS_DEFAULT_SIZE;
        if (ISP2(nent))
                fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = nent;
        else
                fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_procs.fth_nent > 0);
        fasttrap_procs.fth_mask = fasttrap_procs.fth_nent - 1;
        fasttrap_procs.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_procs.fth_nent *
            sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_procs.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_init(&fasttrap_procs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx,
                    "processes bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);

        rm_init(&fasttrap_tp_lock, "fasttrap tracepoint");

        /*
         * This event handler must run before kdtrace_thread_dtor() since it
         * accesses the thread's struct kdtrace_thread.
         */
        fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(thread_dtor,
            fasttrap_thread_dtor, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
#endif

        /*
         * Install our hooks into fork(2), exec(2), and exit(2).
         */
        dtrace_fasttrap_fork = &fasttrap_fork;
        dtrace_fasttrap_exit = &fasttrap_exec_exit;
        dtrace_fasttrap_exec = &fasttrap_exec_exit;

        (void) dtrace_meta_register("fasttrap", &fasttrap_mops, NULL,
            &fasttrap_meta_id);

        return (0);
}

static int
fasttrap_unload(void)
{
        int i, fail = 0;

        /*
         * Unregister the meta-provider to make sure no new fasttrap-
         * managed providers come along while we're trying to close up
         * shop. If we fail to detach, we'll need to re-register as a
         * meta-provider. We can fail to unregister as a meta-provider
         * if providers we manage still exist.
         */
        if (fasttrap_meta_id != DTRACE_METAPROVNONE &&
            dtrace_meta_unregister(fasttrap_meta_id) != 0)
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Iterate over all of our providers. If there's still a process
         * that corresponds to that pid, fail to detach.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++) {
                fasttrap_provider_t **fpp, *fp;
                fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i];

                mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
                fpp = (fasttrap_provider_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
                while ((fp = *fpp) != NULL) {
                        /*
                         * Acquire and release the lock as a simple way of
                         * waiting for any other consumer to finish with
                         * this provider. A thread must first acquire the
                         * bucket lock so there's no chance of another thread
                         * blocking on the provider's lock.
                         */
                        mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
                        mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

                        if (dtrace_unregister(fp->ftp_provid) != 0) {
                                fail = 1;
                                fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
                        } else {
                                *fpp = fp->ftp_next;
                                fasttrap_provider_free(fp);
                        }
                }

                mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
        }

        if (fail) {
                (void) dtrace_meta_register("fasttrap", &fasttrap_mops, NULL,
                    &fasttrap_meta_id);

                return (-1);
        }

        /*
         * Stop new processes from entering these hooks now, before the
         * fasttrap_cleanup thread runs.  That way all processes will hopefully
         * be out of these hooks before we free fasttrap_provs.fth_table
         */
        ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_fork == &fasttrap_fork);
        dtrace_fasttrap_fork = NULL;

        ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_exec == &fasttrap_exec_exit);
        dtrace_fasttrap_exec = NULL;

        ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_exit == &fasttrap_exec_exit);
        dtrace_fasttrap_exit = NULL;

        mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
        fasttrap_cleanup_drain = 1;
        /* Wait for the cleanup thread to finish up and signal us. */
        wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv);
        mtx_sleep(&fasttrap_cleanup_drain, &fasttrap_cleanup_mtx, 0, "ftcld",
            0);
        fasttrap_cleanup_proc = NULL;
        mtx_destroy(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

#ifdef DEBUG
        mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
        ASSERT(fasttrap_pid_count == 0);
        mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
#endif

#ifndef illumos
        EVENTHANDLER_DEREGISTER(thread_dtor, fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag);

        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
        for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_procs.fth_nent; i++)
                mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_procs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
#endif
        kmem_free(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table,
            fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
        fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = 0;

        kmem_free(fasttrap_provs.fth_table,
            fasttrap_provs.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
        fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = 0;

        kmem_free(fasttrap_procs.fth_table,
            fasttrap_procs.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
        fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = 0;

#ifndef illumos
        destroy_dev(fasttrap_cdev);
        mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
        rm_destroy(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
#endif

        return (0);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
fasttrap_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
{
        int error = 0;

        switch (type) {
        case MOD_LOAD:
                break;

        case MOD_UNLOAD:
                break;

        case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
                break;

        default:
                error = EOPNOTSUPP;
                break;
        }
        return (error);
}

SYSINIT(fasttrap_load, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY, fasttrap_load,
    NULL);
SYSUNINIT(fasttrap_unload, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY,
    fasttrap_unload, NULL);

DEV_MODULE(fasttrap, fasttrap_modevent, NULL);
MODULE_VERSION(fasttrap, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(fasttrap, dtrace, 1, 1, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(fasttrap, opensolaris, 1, 1, 1);