2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
7 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
8 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
9 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
10 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
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13 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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20 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
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33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 * @(#)kern_shutdown.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
45 #include "opt_panic.h"
46 #include "opt_printf.h"
47 #include "opt_sched.h"
48 #include "opt_watchdog.h"
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/systm.h>
53 #include <sys/boottrace.h>
56 #include <sys/compressor.h>
59 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
60 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
63 #include <sys/kernel.h>
64 #include <sys/kerneldump.h>
65 #include <sys/kthread.h>
67 #include <sys/malloc.h>
69 #include <sys/mount.h>
72 #include <sys/reboot.h>
73 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
74 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
76 #include <sys/sched.h>
78 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
79 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
80 #include <sys/taskqueue.h>
81 #include <sys/vnode.h>
82 #include <sys/watchdog.h>
84 #include <crypto/chacha20/chacha.h>
85 #include <crypto/rijndael/rijndael-api-fst.h>
86 #include <crypto/sha2/sha256.h>
90 #include <machine/cpu.h>
91 #include <machine/dump.h>
92 #include <machine/pcb.h>
93 #include <machine/smp.h>
95 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
98 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
99 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
100 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
101 #include <vm/swap_pager.h>
103 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
105 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_DUMPER, "dumper", "dumper block buffer");
107 #ifndef PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME
108 #define PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME 15 /* default to 15 seconds */
110 static int panic_reboot_wait_time = PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME;
111 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, panic_reboot_wait_time, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
112 &panic_reboot_wait_time, 0,
113 "Seconds to wait before rebooting after a panic");
116 * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both
117 * ANSI and traditional C compilers.
119 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
122 #ifdef KDB_UNATTENDED
123 int debugger_on_panic = 0;
125 int debugger_on_panic = 1;
127 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_panic,
128 CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
129 &debugger_on_panic, 0, "Run debugger on kernel panic");
131 static bool debugger_on_recursive_panic = false;
132 SYSCTL_BOOL(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_recursive_panic,
133 CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
134 &debugger_on_recursive_panic, 0, "Run debugger on recursive kernel panic");
136 int debugger_on_trap = 0;
137 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_trap,
138 CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
139 &debugger_on_trap, 0, "Run debugger on kernel trap before panic");
142 static int trace_on_panic = 1;
143 static bool trace_all_panics = true;
145 static int trace_on_panic = 0;
146 static bool trace_all_panics = false;
148 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, trace_on_panic,
149 CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
150 &trace_on_panic, 0, "Print stack trace on kernel panic");
151 SYSCTL_BOOL(_debug, OID_AUTO, trace_all_panics, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
152 &trace_all_panics, 0, "Print stack traces on secondary kernel panics");
155 static int sync_on_panic = 0;
156 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, sync_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
157 &sync_on_panic, 0, "Do a sync before rebooting from a panic");
159 static bool poweroff_on_panic = 0;
160 SYSCTL_BOOL(_kern, OID_AUTO, poweroff_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
161 &poweroff_on_panic, 0, "Do a power off instead of a reboot on a panic");
163 static bool powercycle_on_panic = 0;
164 SYSCTL_BOOL(_kern, OID_AUTO, powercycle_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
165 &powercycle_on_panic, 0, "Do a power cycle instead of a reboot on a panic");
167 static SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, shutdown, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, 0,
168 "Shutdown environment");
171 static int show_busybufs;
173 static int show_busybufs = 1;
175 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, show_busybufs, CTLFLAG_RW,
177 "Show busy buffers during shutdown");
179 int suspend_blocked = 0;
180 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, suspend_blocked, CTLFLAG_RW,
181 &suspend_blocked, 0, "Block suspend due to a pending shutdown");
184 FEATURE(ekcd, "Encrypted kernel crash dumps support");
186 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_EKCD, "ekcd", "Encrypted kernel crash dumps data");
188 struct kerneldumpcrypto {
189 uint8_t kdc_encryption;
190 uint8_t kdc_iv[KERNELDUMP_IV_MAX_SIZE];
194 cipherInstance aes_ci;
196 struct chacha_ctx u_chacha;
198 #define kdc_ki u.u_aes.aes_ki
199 #define kdc_ci u.u_aes.aes_ci
200 #define kdc_chacha u.u_chacha
201 uint32_t kdc_dumpkeysize;
202 struct kerneldumpkey kdc_dumpkey[];
206 struct kerneldumpcomp {
208 struct compressor *kdc_stream;
213 static struct kerneldumpcomp *kerneldumpcomp_create(struct dumperinfo *di,
214 uint8_t compression);
215 static void kerneldumpcomp_destroy(struct dumperinfo *di);
216 static int kerneldumpcomp_write_cb(void *base, size_t len, off_t off, void *arg);
218 static int kerneldump_gzlevel = 6;
219 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, kerneldump_gzlevel, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
220 &kerneldump_gzlevel, 0,
221 "Kernel crash dump compression level");
224 * Variable panicstr contains argument to first call to panic; used as flag
225 * to indicate that the kernel has already called panic.
227 const char *panicstr;
228 bool __read_frequently panicked;
230 int __read_mostly dumping; /* system is dumping */
231 int rebooting; /* system is rebooting */
233 * Used to serialize between sysctl kern.shutdown.dumpdevname and list
234 * modifications via ioctl.
236 static struct mtx dumpconf_list_lk;
237 MTX_SYSINIT(dumper_configs, &dumpconf_list_lk, "dumper config list", MTX_DEF);
239 /* Our selected dumper(s). */
240 static TAILQ_HEAD(dumpconflist, dumperinfo) dumper_configs =
241 TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(dumper_configs);
243 /* Context information for dump-debuggers. */
244 static struct pcb dumppcb; /* Registers. */
245 lwpid_t dumptid; /* Thread ID. */
247 static struct cdevsw reroot_cdevsw = {
248 .d_version = D_VERSION,
252 static void poweroff_wait(void *, int);
253 static void shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto);
254 static void shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto);
255 static void shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto);
256 static int kern_reroot(void);
258 /* register various local shutdown events */
260 shutdown_conf(void *unused)
263 EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, poweroff_wait, NULL,
265 EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_halt, NULL,
266 SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
267 EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_panic, NULL,
268 SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
269 EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_reset, NULL,
270 SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 200);
273 SYSINIT(shutdown_conf, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_ANY, shutdown_conf, NULL);
276 * The only reason this exists is to create the /dev/reroot/ directory,
277 * used by reroot code in init(8) as a mountpoint for tmpfs.
280 reroot_conf(void *unused)
285 error = make_dev_p(MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME | MAKEDEV_WAITOK, &cdev,
286 &reroot_cdevsw, NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "reroot/reroot");
288 printf("%s: failed to create device node, error %d",
293 SYSINIT(reroot_conf, SI_SUB_DEVFS, SI_ORDER_ANY, reroot_conf, NULL);
296 * The system call that results in a reboot.
300 sys_reboot(struct thread *td, struct reboot_args *uap)
306 error = mac_system_check_reboot(td->td_ucred, uap->opt);
309 error = priv_check(td, PRIV_REBOOT);
311 if (uap->opt & RB_REROOT)
312 error = kern_reroot();
314 kern_reboot(uap->opt);
320 shutdown_nice_task_fn(void *arg, int pending __unused)
324 howto = (uintptr_t)arg;
325 /* Send a signal to init(8) and have it shutdown the world. */
327 if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0) {
328 BOOTTRACE("SIGUSR2 to init(8)");
329 kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR2);
330 } else if ((howto & RB_POWERCYCLE) != 0) {
331 BOOTTRACE("SIGWINCH to init(8)");
332 kern_psignal(initproc, SIGWINCH);
333 } else if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0) {
334 BOOTTRACE("SIGUSR1 to init(8)");
335 kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR1);
337 BOOTTRACE("SIGINT to init(8)");
338 kern_psignal(initproc, SIGINT);
340 PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
343 static struct task shutdown_nice_task = TASK_INITIALIZER(0,
344 &shutdown_nice_task_fn, NULL);
347 * Called by events that want to shut down.. e.g <CTL><ALT><DEL> on a PC
350 shutdown_nice(int howto)
353 if (initproc != NULL && !SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
354 BOOTTRACE("shutdown initiated");
355 shutdown_nice_task.ta_context = (void *)(uintptr_t)howto;
356 taskqueue_enqueue(taskqueue_fast, &shutdown_nice_task);
359 * No init(8) running, or scheduler would not allow it
360 * to run, so simply reboot.
362 kern_reboot(howto | RB_NOSYNC);
375 if (ts.tv_sec >= 86400) {
376 printf("%ldd", (long)ts.tv_sec / 86400);
380 if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 3600) {
381 printf("%ldh", (long)ts.tv_sec / 3600);
385 if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 60) {
386 printf("%ldm", (long)ts.tv_sec / 60);
390 printf("%lds\n", (long)ts.tv_sec);
394 * Set up a context that can be extracted from the dump.
401 dumptid = curthread->td_tid;
405 doadump(boolean_t textdump)
413 if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&dumper_configs))
421 if (textdump && textdump_pending) {
423 textdump_dumpsys(TAILQ_FIRST(&dumper_configs));
427 struct dumperinfo *di;
429 TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
441 * Trace the shutdown reason.
444 reboottrace(int howto)
446 if ((howto & RB_DUMP) != 0) {
447 if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0)
448 BOOTTRACE("system panic: halting...");
449 if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0)
450 BOOTTRACE("system panic: powering off...");
451 if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_POWEROFF)) == 0)
452 BOOTTRACE("system panic: rebooting...");
454 if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0)
455 BOOTTRACE("system halting...");
456 if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0)
457 BOOTTRACE("system powering off...");
458 if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_POWEROFF)) == 0)
459 BOOTTRACE("system rebooting...");
464 * kern_reboot(9): Shut down the system cleanly to prepare for reboot, halt, or
468 kern_reboot(int howto)
472 if (initproc != NULL && curproc != initproc)
473 BOOTTRACE("kernel shutdown (dirty) started");
475 BOOTTRACE("kernel shutdown (clean) started");
478 * Normal paths here don't hold Giant, but we can wind up here
479 * unexpectedly with it held. Drop it now so we don't have to
480 * drop and pick it up elsewhere. The paths it is locking will
481 * never be returned to, and it is preferable to preclude
482 * deadlock than to lock against code that won't ever
485 while (mtx_owned(&Giant))
490 * Bind us to the first CPU so that all shutdown code runs there. Some
491 * systems don't shutdown properly (i.e., ACPI power off) if we
492 * run on another processor.
494 if (!SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
495 thread_lock(curthread);
496 sched_bind(curthread, CPU_FIRST());
497 thread_unlock(curthread);
498 KASSERT(PCPU_GET(cpuid) == CPU_FIRST(),
499 ("%s: not running on cpu 0", __func__));
502 /* We're in the process of rebooting. */
506 /* We are out of the debugger now. */
510 * Do any callouts that should be done BEFORE syncing the filesystems.
512 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_pre_sync, howto);
513 BOOTTRACE("shutdown pre sync complete");
516 * Now sync filesystems
518 if (!cold && (howto & RB_NOSYNC) == 0 && once == 0) {
520 BOOTTRACE("bufshutdown begin");
521 bufshutdown(show_busybufs);
522 BOOTTRACE("bufshutdown end");
530 * Ok, now do things that assume all filesystem activity has
533 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_post_sync, howto);
534 BOOTTRACE("shutdown post sync complete");
536 if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_DUMP)) == RB_DUMP && !cold && !dumping)
539 /* Now that we're going to really halt the system... */
540 BOOTTRACE("shutdown final begin");
543 boottrace_dump_console();
545 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_final, howto);
547 for(;;) ; /* safety against shutdown_reset not working */
552 * The system call that results in changing the rootfs.
557 struct vnode *oldrootvnode, *vp;
558 struct mount *mp, *devmp;
561 if (curproc != initproc)
565 * Mark the filesystem containing currently-running executable
566 * (the temporary copy of init(8)) busy.
568 vp = curproc->p_textvp;
569 error = vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED);
573 error = vfs_busy(mp, MBF_NOWAIT);
577 error = vfs_busy(mp, 0);
578 vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
584 if (VN_IS_DOOMED(vp)) {
593 * Remove the filesystem containing currently-running executable
594 * from the mount list, to prevent it from being unmounted
595 * by vfs_unmountall(), and to avoid confusing vfs_mountroot().
597 * Also preserve /dev - forcibly unmounting it could cause driver
605 mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
606 TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
607 TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
608 mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
610 oldrootvnode = rootvnode;
613 * Unmount everything except for the two filesystems preserved above.
618 * Add /dev back; vfs_mountroot() will move it into its new place.
620 mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
621 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
622 mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
627 * Mount the new rootfs.
632 * Update all references to the old rootvnode.
634 mountcheckdirs(oldrootvnode, rootvnode);
637 * Add the temporary filesystem back and unbusy it.
639 mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
640 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
641 mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
648 * If the shutdown was a clean halt, behave accordingly.
651 shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto)
654 if (howto & RB_HALT) {
656 printf("The operating system has halted.\n");
657 printf("Please press any key to reboot.\n\n");
659 wdog_kern_pat(WD_TO_NEVER);
662 case -1: /* No console, just die */
672 * Check to see if the system panicked, pause and then reboot
673 * according to the specified delay.
676 shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto)
680 if (howto & RB_DUMP) {
681 if (panic_reboot_wait_time != 0) {
682 if (panic_reboot_wait_time != -1) {
683 printf("Automatic reboot in %d seconds - "
684 "press a key on the console to abort\n",
685 panic_reboot_wait_time);
686 for (loop = panic_reboot_wait_time * 10;
688 DELAY(1000 * 100); /* 1/10th second */
689 /* Did user type a key? */
690 if (cncheckc() != -1)
696 } else { /* zero time specified - reboot NOW */
699 printf("--> Press a key on the console to reboot,\n");
700 printf("--> or switch off the system now.\n");
706 * Everything done, now reset
709 shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto)
712 printf("Rebooting...\n");
713 DELAY(1000000); /* wait 1 sec for printf's to complete and be read */
716 * Acquiring smp_ipi_mtx here has a double effect:
717 * - it disables interrupts avoiding CPU0 preemption
718 * by fast handlers (thus deadlocking against other CPUs)
719 * - it avoids deadlocks against smp_rendezvous() or, more
720 * generally, threads busy-waiting, with this spinlock held,
721 * and waiting for responses by threads on other CPUs
722 * (ie. smp_tlb_shootdown()).
724 * For the !SMP case it just needs to handle the former problem.
727 mtx_lock_spin(&smp_ipi_mtx);
733 /* NOTREACHED */ /* assuming reset worked */
736 #if defined(WITNESS) || defined(INVARIANT_SUPPORT)
737 static int kassert_warn_only = 0;
739 static int kassert_do_kdb = 0;
742 static int kassert_do_ktr = 0;
744 static int kassert_do_log = 1;
745 static int kassert_log_pps_limit = 4;
746 static int kassert_log_mute_at = 0;
747 static int kassert_log_panic_at = 0;
748 static int kassert_suppress_in_panic = 0;
749 static int kassert_warnings = 0;
751 SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, kassert, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL,
754 #ifdef KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL
755 #define KASSERT_RWTUN CTLFLAG_RWTUN
757 #define KASSERT_RWTUN CTLFLAG_RDTUN
760 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warn_only, KASSERT_RWTUN,
761 &kassert_warn_only, 0,
762 "KASSERT triggers a panic (0) or just a warning (1)");
765 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_kdb, KASSERT_RWTUN,
766 &kassert_do_kdb, 0, "KASSERT will enter the debugger");
770 SYSCTL_UINT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_ktr, KASSERT_RWTUN,
772 "KASSERT does a KTR, set this to the KTRMASK you want");
775 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_log, KASSERT_RWTUN,
777 "If warn_only is enabled, log (1) or do not log (0) assertion violations");
779 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warnings, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_STATS,
780 &kassert_warnings, 0, "number of KASSERTs that have been triggered");
782 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_panic_at, KASSERT_RWTUN,
783 &kassert_log_panic_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS before we will panic");
785 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_pps_limit, KASSERT_RWTUN,
786 &kassert_log_pps_limit, 0, "limit number of log messages per second");
788 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_mute_at, KASSERT_RWTUN,
789 &kassert_log_mute_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS to log");
791 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, suppress_in_panic, KASSERT_RWTUN,
792 &kassert_suppress_in_panic, 0,
793 "KASSERTs will be suppressed while handling a panic");
796 static int kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
798 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, kassert,
799 CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0,
800 kassert_sysctl_kassert, "I",
801 "set to trigger a test kassert");
804 kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
808 error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
811 error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
813 if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
815 KASSERT(0, ("kassert_sysctl_kassert triggered kassert %d", i));
819 #ifdef KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL
821 * Called by KASSERT, this decides if we will panic
822 * or if we will log via printf and/or ktr.
825 kassert_panic(const char *fmt, ...)
827 static char buf[256];
831 (void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
835 * If we are suppressing secondary panics, log the warning but do not
836 * re-enter panic/kdb.
838 if (panicstr != NULL && kassert_suppress_in_panic) {
839 if (kassert_do_log) {
840 printf("KASSERT failed: %s\n", buf);
842 if (trace_all_panics && trace_on_panic)
850 * panic if we're not just warning, or if we've exceeded
851 * kassert_log_panic_at warnings.
853 if (!kassert_warn_only ||
854 (kassert_log_panic_at > 0 &&
855 kassert_warnings >= kassert_log_panic_at)) {
865 * log if we've not yet met the mute limit.
867 if (kassert_do_log &&
868 (kassert_log_mute_at == 0 ||
869 kassert_warnings < kassert_log_mute_at)) {
870 static struct timeval lasterr;
873 if (ppsratecheck(&lasterr, &curerr, kassert_log_pps_limit)) {
874 printf("KASSERT failed: %s\n", buf);
879 if (kassert_do_kdb) {
880 kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_KASSERT, buf);
883 atomic_add_int(&kassert_warnings, 1);
885 #endif /* KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL */
889 * Panic is called on unresolvable fatal errors. It prints "panic: mesg",
890 * and then reboots. If we are called twice, then we avoid trying to sync
891 * the disks as this often leads to recursive panics.
894 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
903 vpanic(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
908 struct thread *td = curthread;
909 int bootopt, newpanic;
910 static char buf[256];
916 * stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus) should prevent multiple CPUs from
917 * concurrently entering panic. Only the winner will proceed
920 if (panicstr == NULL && !kdb_active) {
921 other_cpus = all_cpus;
922 CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &other_cpus);
923 stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus);
928 * Ensure that the scheduler is stopped while panicking, even if panic
929 * has been entered from kdb.
931 td->td_stopsched = 1;
933 bootopt = RB_AUTOBOOT;
936 bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
945 (void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
948 printf("panic: %s\n", buf);
955 printf("cpuid = %d\n", PCPU_GET(cpuid));
957 printf("time = %jd\n", (intmax_t )time_second);
959 if ((newpanic || trace_all_panics) && trace_on_panic)
961 if (debugger_on_panic)
962 kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_PANIC, "panic");
963 else if (!newpanic && debugger_on_recursive_panic)
964 kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_PANIC, "re-panic");
966 /*thread_lock(td); */
967 td->td_flags |= TDF_INPANIC;
968 /* thread_unlock(td); */
970 bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
971 if (poweroff_on_panic)
972 bootopt |= RB_POWEROFF;
973 if (powercycle_on_panic)
974 bootopt |= RB_POWERCYCLE;
975 kern_reboot(bootopt);
979 * Support for poweroff delay.
981 * Please note that setting this delay too short might power off your machine
982 * before the write cache on your hard disk has been flushed, leading to
983 * soft-updates inconsistencies.
985 #ifndef POWEROFF_DELAY
986 # define POWEROFF_DELAY 5000
988 static int poweroff_delay = POWEROFF_DELAY;
990 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, poweroff_delay, CTLFLAG_RW,
991 &poweroff_delay, 0, "Delay before poweroff to write disk caches (msec)");
994 poweroff_wait(void *junk, int howto)
997 if ((howto & (RB_POWEROFF | RB_POWERCYCLE)) == 0 || poweroff_delay <= 0)
999 DELAY(poweroff_delay * 1000);
1003 * Some system processes (e.g. syncer) need to be stopped at appropriate
1004 * points in their main loops prior to a system shutdown, so that they
1005 * won't interfere with the shutdown process (e.g. by holding a disk buf
1006 * to cause sync to fail). For each of these system processes, register
1007 * shutdown_kproc() as a handler for one of shutdown events.
1009 static int kproc_shutdown_wait = 60;
1010 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, kproc_shutdown_wait, CTLFLAG_RW,
1011 &kproc_shutdown_wait, 0, "Max wait time (sec) to stop for each process");
1014 kproc_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
1022 p = (struct proc *)arg;
1023 printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system process `%s' to stop... ",
1024 kproc_shutdown_wait, p->p_comm);
1025 error = kproc_suspend(p, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
1027 if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
1028 printf("timed out\n");
1034 kthread_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
1042 td = (struct thread *)arg;
1043 printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system thread `%s' to stop... ",
1044 kproc_shutdown_wait, td->td_name);
1045 error = kthread_suspend(td, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
1047 if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
1048 printf("timed out\n");
1054 dumpdevname_sysctl_handler(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
1057 struct dumperinfo *di;
1061 error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
1065 sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sb, buf, sizeof(buf), req);
1067 mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1068 TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
1069 if (di != TAILQ_FIRST(&dumper_configs))
1070 sbuf_putc(&sb, ',');
1071 sbuf_cat(&sb, di->di_devname);
1073 mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1075 error = sbuf_finish(&sb);
1079 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, dumpdevname,
1080 CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, &dumper_configs, 0,
1081 dumpdevname_sysctl_handler, "A",
1082 "Device(s) for kernel dumps");
1084 static int _dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual,
1085 vm_offset_t physical, size_t length);
1088 static struct kerneldumpcrypto *
1089 kerneldumpcrypto_create(size_t blocksize, uint8_t encryption,
1090 const uint8_t *key, uint32_t encryptedkeysize, const uint8_t *encryptedkey)
1092 struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1093 struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
1094 uint32_t dumpkeysize;
1096 dumpkeysize = roundup2(sizeof(*kdk) + encryptedkeysize, blocksize);
1097 kdc = malloc(sizeof(*kdc) + dumpkeysize, M_EKCD, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
1099 arc4rand(kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv), 0);
1101 kdc->kdc_encryption = encryption;
1102 switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
1103 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
1104 if (rijndael_makeKey(&kdc->kdc_ki, DIR_ENCRYPT, 256, key) <= 0)
1107 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
1108 chacha_keysetup(&kdc->kdc_chacha, key, 256);
1114 kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize = dumpkeysize;
1115 kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
1116 kdk->kdk_encryption = kdc->kdc_encryption;
1117 memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
1118 kdk->kdk_encryptedkeysize = htod32(encryptedkeysize);
1119 memcpy(kdk->kdk_encryptedkey, encryptedkey, encryptedkeysize);
1128 kerneldumpcrypto_init(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
1130 uint8_t hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
1132 struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
1141 * When a user enters ddb it can write a crash dump multiple times.
1142 * Each time it should be encrypted using a different IV.
1145 SHA256_Update(&ctx, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
1146 SHA256_Final(hash, &ctx);
1147 bcopy(hash, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
1149 switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
1150 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
1151 if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
1152 kdc->kdc_iv) <= 0) {
1157 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
1158 chacha_ivsetup(&kdc->kdc_chacha, kdc->kdc_iv, NULL);
1165 kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
1166 memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
1168 explicit_bzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
1173 kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(const struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
1178 return (kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize);
1182 static struct kerneldumpcomp *
1183 kerneldumpcomp_create(struct dumperinfo *di, uint8_t compression)
1185 struct kerneldumpcomp *kdcomp;
1188 switch (compression) {
1189 case KERNELDUMP_COMP_GZIP:
1190 format = COMPRESS_GZIP;
1192 case KERNELDUMP_COMP_ZSTD:
1193 format = COMPRESS_ZSTD;
1199 kdcomp = malloc(sizeof(*kdcomp), M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
1200 kdcomp->kdc_format = compression;
1201 kdcomp->kdc_stream = compressor_init(kerneldumpcomp_write_cb,
1202 format, di->maxiosize, kerneldump_gzlevel, di);
1203 if (kdcomp->kdc_stream == NULL) {
1204 free(kdcomp, M_DUMPER);
1207 kdcomp->kdc_buf = malloc(di->maxiosize, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_NODUMP);
1212 kerneldumpcomp_destroy(struct dumperinfo *di)
1214 struct kerneldumpcomp *kdcomp;
1216 kdcomp = di->kdcomp;
1219 compressor_fini(kdcomp->kdc_stream);
1220 zfree(kdcomp->kdc_buf, M_DUMPER);
1221 free(kdcomp, M_DUMPER);
1225 * Free a dumper. Must not be present on global list.
1228 dumper_destroy(struct dumperinfo *di)
1234 zfree(di->blockbuf, M_DUMPER);
1235 kerneldumpcomp_destroy(di);
1237 zfree(di->kdcrypto, M_EKCD);
1239 zfree(di, M_DUMPER);
1243 * Allocate and set up a new dumper from the provided template.
1246 dumper_create(const struct dumperinfo *di_template, const char *devname,
1247 const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda, struct dumperinfo **dip)
1249 struct dumperinfo *newdi;
1255 /* Allocate a new dumper */
1256 newdi = malloc(sizeof(*newdi) + strlen(devname) + 1, M_DUMPER,
1258 memcpy(newdi, di_template, sizeof(*newdi));
1259 newdi->blockbuf = NULL;
1260 newdi->kdcrypto = NULL;
1261 newdi->kdcomp = NULL;
1262 strcpy(newdi->di_devname, devname);
1264 if (kda->kda_encryption != KERNELDUMP_ENC_NONE) {
1266 newdi->kdcrypto = kerneldumpcrypto_create(newdi->blocksize,
1267 kda->kda_encryption, kda->kda_key,
1268 kda->kda_encryptedkeysize, kda->kda_encryptedkey);
1269 if (newdi->kdcrypto == NULL) {
1278 if (kda->kda_compression != KERNELDUMP_COMP_NONE) {
1281 * We can't support simultaneous unpadded block cipher
1282 * encryption and compression because there is no guarantee the
1283 * length of the compressed result is exactly a multiple of the
1284 * cipher block size.
1286 if (kda->kda_encryption == KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC) {
1291 newdi->kdcomp = kerneldumpcomp_create(newdi,
1292 kda->kda_compression);
1293 if (newdi->kdcomp == NULL) {
1298 newdi->blockbuf = malloc(newdi->blocksize, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
1303 dumper_destroy(newdi);
1308 * Create a new dumper and register it in the global list.
1311 dumper_insert(const struct dumperinfo *di_template, const char *devname,
1312 const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
1314 struct dumperinfo *newdi, *listdi;
1319 index = kda->kda_index;
1320 MPASS(index != KDA_REMOVE && index != KDA_REMOVE_DEV &&
1321 index != KDA_REMOVE_ALL);
1323 error = priv_check(curthread, PRIV_SETDUMPER);
1327 error = dumper_create(di_template, devname, kda, &newdi);
1331 /* Add the new configuration to the queue */
1332 mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1334 TAILQ_FOREACH(listdi, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
1336 TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(listdi, newdi, di_next);
1343 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&dumper_configs, newdi, di_next);
1344 mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1351 dumper_ddb_insert(struct dumperinfo *newdi)
1353 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&dumper_configs, newdi, di_next);
1357 dumper_ddb_remove(struct dumperinfo *di)
1359 TAILQ_REMOVE(&dumper_configs, di, di_next);
1364 dumper_config_match(const struct dumperinfo *di, const char *devname,
1365 const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
1367 if (kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE_ALL)
1370 if (strcmp(di->di_devname, devname) != 0)
1374 * Allow wildcard removal of configs matching a device on g_dev_orphan.
1376 if (kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE_DEV)
1379 if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
1380 if (di->kdcomp->kdc_format != kda->kda_compression)
1382 } else if (kda->kda_compression != KERNELDUMP_COMP_NONE)
1385 if (di->kdcrypto != NULL) {
1386 if (di->kdcrypto->kdc_encryption != kda->kda_encryption)
1389 * Do we care to verify keys match to delete? It seems weird
1390 * to expect multiple fallback dump configurations on the same
1391 * device that only differ in crypto key.
1395 if (kda->kda_encryption != KERNELDUMP_ENC_NONE)
1402 * Remove and free the requested dumper(s) from the global list.
1405 dumper_remove(const char *devname, const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
1407 struct dumperinfo *di, *sdi;
1411 error = priv_check(curthread, PRIV_SETDUMPER);
1416 * Try to find a matching configuration, and kill it.
1418 * NULL 'kda' indicates remove any configuration matching 'devname',
1419 * which may remove multiple configurations in atypical configurations.
1422 mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1423 TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(di, &dumper_configs, di_next, sdi) {
1424 if (dumper_config_match(di, devname, kda)) {
1426 TAILQ_REMOVE(&dumper_configs, di, di_next);
1430 mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
1432 /* Only produce ENOENT if a more targeted match didn't match. */
1433 if (!found && kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE)
1439 dump_check_bounds(struct dumperinfo *di, off_t offset, size_t length)
1442 if (di->mediasize > 0 && length != 0 && (offset < di->mediaoffset ||
1443 offset - di->mediaoffset + length > di->mediasize)) {
1444 if (di->kdcomp != NULL && offset >= di->mediaoffset) {
1446 "Compressed dump failed to fit in device boundaries.\n");
1450 printf("Attempt to write outside dump device boundaries.\n"
1451 "offset(%jd), mediaoffset(%jd), length(%ju), mediasize(%jd).\n",
1452 (intmax_t)offset, (intmax_t)di->mediaoffset,
1453 (uintmax_t)length, (intmax_t)di->mediasize);
1456 if (length % di->blocksize != 0) {
1457 printf("Attempt to write partial block of length %ju.\n",
1461 if (offset % di->blocksize != 0) {
1462 printf("Attempt to write at unaligned offset %jd.\n",
1472 dump_encrypt(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
1475 switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
1476 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
1477 if (rijndael_blockEncrypt(&kdc->kdc_ci, &kdc->kdc_ki, buf,
1478 8 * size, buf) <= 0) {
1481 if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
1482 buf + size - 16 /* IV size for AES-256-CBC */) <= 0) {
1486 case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
1487 chacha_encrypt_bytes(&kdc->kdc_chacha, buf, buf, size);
1496 /* Encrypt data and call dumper. */
1498 dump_encrypted_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual,
1499 vm_offset_t physical, off_t offset, size_t length)
1501 static uint8_t buf[KERNELDUMP_BUFFER_SIZE];
1502 struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1508 while (length > 0) {
1509 nbytes = MIN(length, sizeof(buf));
1510 bcopy(virtual, buf, nbytes);
1512 if (dump_encrypt(kdc, buf, nbytes) != 0)
1515 error = dump_write(di, buf, physical, offset, nbytes);
1520 virtual = (void *)((uint8_t *)virtual + nbytes);
1529 kerneldumpcomp_write_cb(void *base, size_t length, off_t offset, void *arg)
1531 struct dumperinfo *di;
1532 size_t resid, rlength;
1537 if (length % di->blocksize != 0) {
1539 * This must be the final write after flushing the compression
1540 * stream. Write as many full blocks as possible and stash the
1541 * residual data in the dumper's block buffer. It will be
1542 * padded and written in dump_finish().
1544 rlength = rounddown(length, di->blocksize);
1546 error = _dump_append(di, base, 0, rlength);
1550 resid = length - rlength;
1551 memmove(di->blockbuf, (uint8_t *)base + rlength, resid);
1552 bzero((uint8_t *)di->blockbuf + resid, di->blocksize - resid);
1553 di->kdcomp->kdc_resid = resid;
1556 return (_dump_append(di, base, 0, length));
1560 * Write kernel dump headers at the beginning and end of the dump extent.
1561 * Write the kernel dump encryption key after the leading header if we were
1562 * configured to do so.
1565 dump_write_headers(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
1568 struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1576 hdrsz = sizeof(*kdh);
1577 if (hdrsz > di->blocksize)
1582 keysize = kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(kdc);
1588 * If the dump device has special handling for headers, let it take care
1589 * of writing them out.
1591 if (di->dumper_hdr != NULL)
1592 return (di->dumper_hdr(di, kdh));
1594 if (hdrsz == di->blocksize)
1598 memset(buf, 0, di->blocksize);
1599 memcpy(buf, kdh, hdrsz);
1602 extent = dtoh64(kdh->dumpextent);
1605 error = dump_write(di, kdc->kdc_dumpkey, 0,
1606 di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - di->blocksize - extent -
1613 error = dump_write(di, buf, 0,
1614 di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - 2 * di->blocksize - extent -
1615 keysize, di->blocksize);
1617 error = dump_write(di, buf, 0, di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize -
1618 di->blocksize, di->blocksize);
1623 * Don't touch the first SIZEOF_METADATA bytes on the dump device. This is to
1624 * protect us from metadata and metadata from us.
1626 #define SIZEOF_METADATA (64 * 1024)
1629 * Do some preliminary setup for a kernel dump: initialize state for encryption,
1630 * if requested, and make sure that we have enough space on the dump device.
1632 * We set things up so that the dump ends before the last sector of the dump
1633 * device, at which the trailing header is written.
1635 * +-----------+------+-----+----------------------------+------+
1636 * | | lhdr | key | ... kernel dump ... | thdr |
1637 * +-----------+------+-----+----------------------------+------+
1638 * 1 blk opt <------- dump extent --------> 1 blk
1640 * Dumps written using dump_append() start at the beginning of the extent.
1641 * Uncompressed dumps will use the entire extent, but compressed dumps typically
1642 * will not. The true length of the dump is recorded in the leading and trailing
1643 * headers once the dump has been completed.
1645 * The dump device may provide a callback, in which case it will initialize
1646 * dumpoff and take care of laying out the headers.
1649 dump_start(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
1652 struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1655 uint64_t dumpextent, span;
1660 /* Send the key before the dump so a partial dump is still usable. */
1662 error = kerneldumpcrypto_init(kdc);
1665 keysize = kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(kdc);
1666 key = keysize > 0 ? kdc->kdc_dumpkey : NULL;
1673 if (di->dumper_start != NULL) {
1674 error = di->dumper_start(di, key, keysize);
1676 dumpextent = dtoh64(kdh->dumpextent);
1677 span = SIZEOF_METADATA + dumpextent + 2 * di->blocksize +
1679 if (di->mediasize < span) {
1680 if (di->kdcomp == NULL)
1684 * We don't yet know how much space the compressed dump
1685 * will occupy, so try to use the whole swap partition
1686 * (minus the first 64KB) in the hope that the
1687 * compressed dump will fit. If that doesn't turn out to
1688 * be enough, the bounds checking in dump_write()
1689 * will catch us and cause the dump to fail.
1691 dumpextent = di->mediasize - span + dumpextent;
1692 kdh->dumpextent = htod64(dumpextent);
1696 * The offset at which to begin writing the dump.
1698 di->dumpoff = di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - di->blocksize -
1701 di->origdumpoff = di->dumpoff;
1706 _dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1712 if (di->kdcrypto != NULL)
1713 error = dump_encrypted_write(di, virtual, physical, di->dumpoff,
1717 error = dump_write(di, virtual, physical, di->dumpoff, length);
1719 di->dumpoff += length;
1724 * Write to the dump device starting at dumpoff. When compression is enabled,
1725 * writes to the device will be performed using a callback that gets invoked
1726 * when the compression stream's output buffer is full.
1729 dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1734 if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
1735 /* Bounce through a buffer to avoid CRC errors. */
1736 if (length > di->maxiosize)
1738 buf = di->kdcomp->kdc_buf;
1739 memmove(buf, virtual, length);
1740 return (compressor_write(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream, buf, length));
1742 return (_dump_append(di, virtual, physical, length));
1746 * Write to the dump device at the specified offset.
1749 dump_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1750 off_t offset, size_t length)
1754 error = dump_check_bounds(di, offset, length);
1757 return (di->dumper(di->priv, virtual, physical, offset, length));
1761 * Perform kernel dump finalization: flush the compression stream, if necessary,
1762 * write the leading and trailing kernel dump headers now that we know the true
1763 * length of the dump, and optionally write the encryption key following the
1767 dump_finish(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
1771 if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
1772 error = compressor_flush(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream);
1773 if (error == EAGAIN) {
1774 /* We have residual data in di->blockbuf. */
1775 error = _dump_append(di, di->blockbuf, 0, di->blocksize);
1777 /* Compensate for _dump_append()'s adjustment. */
1778 di->dumpoff -= di->blocksize - di->kdcomp->kdc_resid;
1779 di->kdcomp->kdc_resid = 0;
1785 * We now know the size of the compressed dump, so update the
1786 * header accordingly and recompute parity.
1788 kdh->dumplength = htod64(di->dumpoff - di->origdumpoff);
1790 kdh->parity = kerneldump_parity(kdh);
1792 compressor_reset(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream);
1795 error = dump_write_headers(di, kdh);
1799 (void)dump_write(di, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
1804 dump_init_header(const struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh,
1805 const char *magic, uint32_t archver, uint64_t dumplen)
1809 bzero(kdh, sizeof(*kdh));
1810 strlcpy(kdh->magic, magic, sizeof(kdh->magic));
1811 strlcpy(kdh->architecture, MACHINE_ARCH, sizeof(kdh->architecture));
1812 kdh->version = htod32(KERNELDUMPVERSION);
1813 kdh->architectureversion = htod32(archver);
1814 kdh->dumplength = htod64(dumplen);
1815 kdh->dumpextent = kdh->dumplength;
1816 kdh->dumptime = htod64(time_second);
1818 kdh->dumpkeysize = htod32(kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(di->kdcrypto));
1820 kdh->dumpkeysize = 0;
1822 kdh->blocksize = htod32(di->blocksize);
1823 strlcpy(kdh->hostname, prison0.pr_hostname, sizeof(kdh->hostname));
1824 dstsize = sizeof(kdh->versionstring);
1825 if (strlcpy(kdh->versionstring, version, dstsize) >= dstsize)
1826 kdh->versionstring[dstsize - 2] = '\n';
1827 if (panicstr != NULL)
1828 strlcpy(kdh->panicstring, panicstr, sizeof(kdh->panicstring));
1829 if (di->kdcomp != NULL)
1830 kdh->compression = di->kdcomp->kdc_format;
1831 kdh->parity = kerneldump_parity(kdh);
1835 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(panic, db_show_panic)
1838 if (panicstr == NULL)
1839 db_printf("panicstr not set\n");
1841 db_printf("panic: %s\n", panicstr);