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1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2018, Matthew Macy <mmacy@freebsd.org>
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
16  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
19  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
21  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
22  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
23  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
24  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25  * SUCH DAMAGE.
26  *
27  */
28
29 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
30 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
31
32 #include <sys/param.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/systm.h>
35 #include <sys/counter.h>
36 #include <sys/epoch.h>
37 #include <sys/gtaskqueue.h>
38 #include <sys/kernel.h>
39 #include <sys/limits.h>
40 #include <sys/lock.h>
41 #include <sys/malloc.h>
42 #include <sys/mutex.h>
43 #include <sys/pcpu.h>
44 #include <sys/proc.h>
45 #include <sys/sched.h>
46 #include <sys/smp.h>
47 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
48 #include <sys/turnstile.h>
49 #include <vm/vm.h>
50 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
51 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
52
53 #include <ck_epoch.h>
54
55 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_EPOCH, "epoch", "epoch based reclamation");
56
57 /* arbitrary --- needs benchmarking */
58 #define MAX_ADAPTIVE_SPIN 1000
59 #define MAX_EPOCHS 64
60
61 #ifdef __amd64__
62 #define EPOCH_ALIGN CACHE_LINE_SIZE*2
63 #else
64 #define EPOCH_ALIGN CACHE_LINE_SIZE
65 #endif
66
67 CTASSERT(sizeof(epoch_section_t) == sizeof(ck_epoch_section_t));
68 CTASSERT(sizeof(ck_epoch_entry_t) == sizeof(struct epoch_context));
69 SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, epoch, CTLFLAG_RW, 0, "epoch information");
70 SYSCTL_NODE(_kern_epoch, OID_AUTO, stats, CTLFLAG_RW, 0, "epoch stats");
71
72
73 /* Stats. */
74 static counter_u64_t block_count;
75 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, nblocked, CTLFLAG_RW,
76                                    &block_count, "# of times a thread was in an epoch when epoch_wait was called");
77 static counter_u64_t migrate_count;
78 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, migrations, CTLFLAG_RW,
79                                    &migrate_count, "# of times thread was migrated to another CPU in epoch_wait");
80 static counter_u64_t turnstile_count;
81 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, ncontended, CTLFLAG_RW,
82                                    &turnstile_count, "# of times a thread was blocked on a lock in an epoch during an epoch_wait");
83 static counter_u64_t switch_count;
84 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, switches, CTLFLAG_RW,
85                                    &switch_count, "# of times a thread voluntarily context switched in epoch_wait");
86 static counter_u64_t epoch_call_count;
87 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, epoch_calls, CTLFLAG_RW,
88                                    &epoch_call_count, "# of times a callback was deferred");
89 static counter_u64_t epoch_call_task_count;
90 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_kern_epoch_stats, OID_AUTO, epoch_call_tasks, CTLFLAG_RW,
91                                    &epoch_call_task_count, "# of times a callback task was run");
92
93 TAILQ_HEAD(threadlist, thread);
94
95 CK_STACK_CONTAINER(struct ck_epoch_entry, stack_entry,
96     ck_epoch_entry_container)
97
98 typedef struct epoch_record {
99         ck_epoch_record_t er_record;
100         volatile struct threadlist er_tdlist;
101         volatile uint32_t er_gen;
102         uint32_t er_cpuid;
103 } *epoch_record_t;
104
105 struct epoch_pcpu_state {
106         struct epoch_record eps_record;
107 } __aligned(EPOCH_ALIGN);
108
109 struct epoch {
110         struct ck_epoch e_epoch __aligned(EPOCH_ALIGN);
111         struct epoch_pcpu_state *e_pcpu_dom[MAXMEMDOM] __aligned(EPOCH_ALIGN);
112         int e_idx;
113         int e_flags;
114         struct epoch_pcpu_state *e_pcpu[0];
115 };
116
117 epoch_t allepochs[MAX_EPOCHS];
118
119 DPCPU_DEFINE(struct grouptask, epoch_cb_task);
120 DPCPU_DEFINE(int, epoch_cb_count);
121
122 static __read_mostly int domcount[MAXMEMDOM];
123 static __read_mostly int domoffsets[MAXMEMDOM];
124 static __read_mostly int inited;
125 static __read_mostly int epoch_count;
126 __read_mostly epoch_t global_epoch;
127 __read_mostly epoch_t global_epoch_preempt;
128
129 static void epoch_call_task(void *context __unused);
130
131 #if defined(__powerpc64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || !defined(NUMA)
132 static bool usedomains = false;
133 #else
134 static bool usedomains = true;
135 #endif
136 static void
137 epoch_init(void *arg __unused)
138 {
139         int domain, cpu;
140
141         block_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
142         migrate_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
143         turnstile_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
144         switch_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
145         epoch_call_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
146         epoch_call_task_count = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
147         if (usedomains == false)
148                 goto done;
149         domain = 0;
150         domoffsets[0] = 0;
151         for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++) {
152                 domcount[domain] = CPU_COUNT(&cpuset_domain[domain]);
153                 if (bootverbose)
154                         printf("domcount[%d] %d\n", domain, domcount[domain]);
155         }
156         for (domain = 1; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++)
157                 domoffsets[domain] = domoffsets[domain-1] + domcount[domain-1];
158
159         for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++) {
160                 if (domcount[domain] == 0) {
161                         usedomains = false;
162                         break;
163                 }
164         }
165  done:
166         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
167                 GROUPTASK_INIT(DPCPU_ID_PTR(cpu, epoch_cb_task), 0, epoch_call_task, NULL);
168                 taskqgroup_attach_cpu(qgroup_softirq, DPCPU_ID_PTR(cpu, epoch_cb_task), NULL, cpu, -1, "epoch call task");
169         }
170         inited = 1;
171         global_epoch = epoch_alloc(0);
172         global_epoch_preempt = epoch_alloc(EPOCH_PREEMPT);
173 }
174 SYSINIT(epoch, SI_SUB_TASKQ + 1, SI_ORDER_FIRST, epoch_init, NULL);
175
176 static void
177 epoch_init_numa(epoch_t epoch)
178 {
179         int domain, cpu_offset;
180         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
181         epoch_record_t er;
182
183         for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++) {
184                 eps = malloc_domain(sizeof(*eps)*domcount[domain], M_EPOCH,
185                                                         domain, M_ZERO|M_WAITOK);
186                 epoch->e_pcpu_dom[domain] = eps;
187                 cpu_offset = domoffsets[domain];
188                 for (int i = 0; i < domcount[domain]; i++, eps++) {
189                         epoch->e_pcpu[cpu_offset + i] = eps;
190                         er = &eps->eps_record;
191                         ck_epoch_register(&epoch->e_epoch, &er->er_record, NULL);
192                         TAILQ_INIT((struct threadlist *)(uintptr_t)&er->er_tdlist);
193                         er->er_cpuid = cpu_offset + i;
194                 }
195         }
196 }
197
198 static void
199 epoch_init_legacy(epoch_t epoch)
200 {
201         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
202         epoch_record_t er;
203
204         eps = malloc(sizeof(*eps)*mp_ncpus, M_EPOCH, M_ZERO|M_WAITOK);
205         epoch->e_pcpu_dom[0] = eps;
206         for (int i = 0; i < mp_ncpus; i++, eps++) {
207                 epoch->e_pcpu[i] = eps;
208                 er = &eps->eps_record;
209                 ck_epoch_register(&epoch->e_epoch, &er->er_record, NULL);
210                 TAILQ_INIT((struct threadlist *)(uintptr_t)&er->er_tdlist);
211                 er->er_cpuid = i;
212         }
213 }
214
215 epoch_t
216 epoch_alloc(int flags)
217 {
218         epoch_t epoch;
219
220         if (__predict_false(!inited))
221                 panic("%s called too early in boot", __func__);
222         epoch = malloc(sizeof(struct epoch) + mp_ncpus*sizeof(void*),
223                                    M_EPOCH, M_ZERO|M_WAITOK);
224         ck_epoch_init(&epoch->e_epoch);
225         if (usedomains)
226                 epoch_init_numa(epoch);
227         else
228                 epoch_init_legacy(epoch);
229         MPASS(epoch_count < MAX_EPOCHS-2);
230         epoch->e_flags = flags;
231         epoch->e_idx = epoch_count;
232         allepochs[epoch_count++] = epoch;
233         return (epoch);
234 }
235
236 void
237 epoch_free(epoch_t epoch)
238 {
239         int domain;
240 #ifdef INVARIANTS
241         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
242         int cpu;
243
244         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
245                 eps = epoch->e_pcpu[cpu];
246                 MPASS(TAILQ_EMPTY(&eps->eps_record.er_tdlist));
247         }
248 #endif
249         allepochs[epoch->e_idx] = NULL;
250         epoch_wait(global_epoch);
251         if (usedomains)
252                 for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++)
253                         free_domain(epoch->e_pcpu_dom[domain], M_EPOCH);
254         else
255                 free(epoch->e_pcpu_dom[0], M_EPOCH);
256         free(epoch, M_EPOCH);
257 }
258
259 #define INIT_CHECK(epoch)                                                               \
260         do {                                                                                    \
261                 if (__predict_false((epoch) == NULL))           \
262                         return;                                                                 \
263         } while (0)
264
265 void
266 epoch_enter_preempt_internal(epoch_t epoch, struct thread *td)
267 {
268         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
269
270         MPASS(cold || epoch != NULL);
271         INIT_CHECK(epoch);
272         MPASS(epoch->e_flags & EPOCH_PREEMPT);
273         critical_enter();
274         td->td_pre_epoch_prio = td->td_priority;
275         eps = epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu];
276 #ifdef INVARIANTS
277         MPASS(td->td_epochnest < UCHAR_MAX - 2);
278         if (td->td_epochnest > 1) {
279                 struct thread *curtd;
280                 int found = 0;
281
282                 TAILQ_FOREACH(curtd, &eps->eps_record.er_tdlist, td_epochq)
283                         if (curtd == td)
284                                 found = 1;
285                 KASSERT(found, ("recursing on a second epoch"));
286                 critical_exit();
287                 return;
288         }
289 #endif
290         TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&eps->eps_record.er_tdlist, td, td_epochq);
291         sched_pin();
292         ck_epoch_begin(&eps->eps_record.er_record, (ck_epoch_section_t*)&td->td_epoch_section);
293         critical_exit();
294 }
295
296
297 void
298 epoch_enter(epoch_t epoch)
299 {
300         ck_epoch_record_t *record;
301         struct thread *td;
302
303         MPASS(cold || epoch != NULL);
304         td = curthread;
305
306         critical_enter();
307         td->td_epochnest++;
308         record = &epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu]->eps_record.er_record;
309         ck_epoch_begin(record, NULL);
310 }
311
312 void
313 epoch_exit_preempt_internal(epoch_t epoch, struct thread *td)
314 {
315         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
316
317         MPASS(td->td_epochnest == 0);
318         INIT_CHECK(epoch);
319         critical_enter();
320         eps = epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu];
321
322         MPASS(epoch->e_flags & EPOCH_PREEMPT);
323         ck_epoch_end(&eps->eps_record.er_record, (ck_epoch_section_t*)&td->td_epoch_section);
324         TAILQ_REMOVE(&eps->eps_record.er_tdlist, td, td_epochq);
325         eps->eps_record.er_gen++;
326         sched_unpin();
327         if (__predict_false(td->td_pre_epoch_prio != td->td_priority)) {
328                 thread_lock(td);
329                 sched_prio(td, td->td_pre_epoch_prio);
330                 thread_unlock(td);
331         }
332         critical_exit();
333 }
334
335 void
336 epoch_exit(epoch_t epoch)
337 {
338         ck_epoch_record_t *record;
339         struct thread *td;
340
341         td = curthread;
342         td->td_epochnest--;
343         record = &epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu]->eps_record.er_record;
344         ck_epoch_end(record, NULL);
345         critical_exit();
346 }
347
348 /*
349  * epoch_block_handler_preempt is a callback from the ck code when another thread is
350  * currently in an epoch section.
351  */
352 static void
353 epoch_block_handler_preempt(struct ck_epoch *global __unused, ck_epoch_record_t *cr,
354                                         void *arg __unused)
355 {
356         epoch_record_t record;
357         struct thread *td, *tdwait, *owner;
358         struct turnstile *ts;
359         struct lock_object *lock;
360         int spincount, gen;
361
362         record = __containerof(cr, struct epoch_record, er_record);
363         td = curthread;
364         spincount = 0;
365         counter_u64_add(block_count, 1);
366         if (record->er_cpuid != curcpu) {
367                 /*
368                  * If the head of the list is running, we can wait for it
369                  * to remove itself from the list and thus save us the
370                  * overhead of a migration
371                  */
372                 if ((tdwait = TAILQ_FIRST(&record->er_tdlist)) != NULL &&
373                         TD_IS_RUNNING(tdwait)) {
374                         gen = record->er_gen;
375                         thread_unlock(td);
376                         do {
377                                 cpu_spinwait();
378                         } while (tdwait == TAILQ_FIRST(&record->er_tdlist) &&
379                                          gen == record->er_gen && TD_IS_RUNNING(tdwait) &&
380                                          spincount++ < MAX_ADAPTIVE_SPIN);
381                         thread_lock(td);
382                         return;
383                 }
384
385                 /*
386                  * Being on the same CPU as that of the record on which
387                  * we need to wait allows us access to the thread
388                  * list associated with that CPU. We can then examine the
389                  * oldest thread in the queue and wait on its turnstile
390                  * until it resumes and so on until a grace period
391                  * elapses.
392                  *
393                  */
394                 counter_u64_add(migrate_count, 1);
395                 sched_bind(td, record->er_cpuid);
396                 /*
397                  * At this point we need to return to the ck code
398                  * to scan to see if a grace period has elapsed.
399                  * We can't move on to check the thread list, because
400                  * in the meantime new threads may have arrived that
401                  * in fact belong to a different epoch.
402                  */
403                 return;
404         }
405         /*
406          * Try to find a thread in an epoch section on this CPU 
407          * waiting on a turnstile. Otherwise find the lowest
408          * priority thread (highest prio value) and drop our priority
409          * to match to allow it to run.
410          */
411         TAILQ_FOREACH(tdwait, &record->er_tdlist, td_epochq) {
412                 /*
413                  * Propagate our priority to any other waiters to prevent us
414                  * from starving them. They will have their original priority
415                  * restore on exit from epoch_wait().
416                  */
417                 if (!TD_IS_INHIBITED(tdwait) && tdwait->td_priority > td->td_priority) {
418                         critical_enter();
419                         thread_unlock(td);
420                         thread_lock(tdwait);
421                         sched_prio(tdwait, td->td_priority);
422                         thread_unlock(tdwait);
423                         thread_lock(td);
424                         critical_exit();
425                 }
426                 if (TD_IS_INHIBITED(tdwait) && TD_ON_LOCK(tdwait) &&
427                         ((ts = tdwait->td_blocked) != NULL)) {
428                         /*
429                          * We unlock td to allow turnstile_wait to reacquire the
430                          * the thread lock. Before unlocking it we enter a critical
431                          * section to prevent preemption after we reenable interrupts
432                          * by dropping the thread lock in order to prevent tdwait
433                          * from getting to run.
434                          */
435                         critical_enter();
436                         thread_unlock(td);
437                         owner = turnstile_lock(ts, &lock);
438                         /*
439                          * The owner pointer indicates that the lock succeeded. Only
440                          * in case we hold the lock and the turnstile we locked is still
441                          * the one that tdwait is blocked on can we continue. Otherwise
442                          * The turnstile pointer has been changed out from underneath
443                          * us, as in the case where the lock holder has signalled tdwait,
444                          * and we need to continue.
445                          */
446                         if (owner != NULL && ts == tdwait->td_blocked) {
447                                 MPASS(TD_IS_INHIBITED(tdwait) && TD_ON_LOCK(tdwait));
448                                 critical_exit();
449                                 turnstile_wait(ts, owner, tdwait->td_tsqueue);
450                                 counter_u64_add(turnstile_count, 1);
451                                 thread_lock(td);
452                                 return;
453                         } else if (owner != NULL)
454                                 turnstile_unlock(ts, lock);
455                         thread_lock(td);
456                         critical_exit();
457                         KASSERT(td->td_locks == 0,
458                                         ("%d locks held", td->td_locks));
459                 }
460         }
461         /*
462          * We didn't find any threads actually blocked on a lock
463          * so we have nothing to do except context switch away.
464          */
465         counter_u64_add(switch_count, 1);
466         mi_switch(SW_VOL | SWT_RELINQUISH, NULL);
467
468         /*
469          * Release the thread lock while yielding to
470          * allow other threads to acquire the lock
471          * pointed to by TDQ_LOCKPTR(td). Else a
472          * deadlock like situation might happen. (HPS)
473          */
474         thread_unlock(td);
475         thread_lock(td);
476 }
477
478 void
479 epoch_wait_preempt(epoch_t epoch)
480 {
481         struct thread *td;
482         int was_bound;
483         int old_cpu;
484         int old_pinned;
485         u_char old_prio;
486 #ifdef INVARIANTS
487         int locks;
488
489         locks = curthread->td_locks;
490 #endif
491
492         MPASS(cold || epoch != NULL);
493         INIT_CHECK(epoch);
494
495         MPASS(epoch->e_flags & EPOCH_PREEMPT);
496         WITNESS_WARN(WARN_GIANTOK | WARN_SLEEPOK, NULL,
497             "epoch_wait() can sleep");
498
499         td = curthread;
500         KASSERT(td->td_epochnest == 0, ("epoch_wait() in the middle of an epoch section"));
501         thread_lock(td);
502
503         DROP_GIANT();
504
505         old_cpu = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
506         old_pinned = td->td_pinned;
507         old_prio = td->td_priority;
508         was_bound = sched_is_bound(td);
509         sched_unbind(td);
510         td->td_pinned = 0;
511         sched_bind(td, old_cpu);
512
513         ck_epoch_synchronize_wait(&epoch->e_epoch, epoch_block_handler_preempt, NULL);
514
515         /* restore CPU binding, if any */
516         if (was_bound != 0) {
517                 sched_bind(td, old_cpu);
518         } else {
519                 /* get thread back to initial CPU, if any */
520                 if (old_pinned != 0)
521                         sched_bind(td, old_cpu);
522                 sched_unbind(td);
523         }
524         /* restore pinned after bind */
525         td->td_pinned = old_pinned;
526
527         /* restore thread priority */
528         sched_prio(td, old_prio);
529         thread_unlock(td);
530         PICKUP_GIANT();
531         KASSERT(td->td_locks == locks,
532                         ("%d residual locks held", td->td_locks - locks));
533 }
534
535 static void
536 epoch_block_handler(struct ck_epoch *g __unused, ck_epoch_record_t *c __unused,
537                                         void *arg __unused)
538 {
539         cpu_spinwait();
540 }
541
542 void
543 epoch_wait(epoch_t epoch)
544 {
545
546         MPASS(cold || epoch != NULL);
547         INIT_CHECK(epoch);
548         MPASS(epoch->e_flags == 0);
549         critical_enter();
550         ck_epoch_synchronize_wait(&epoch->e_epoch, epoch_block_handler, NULL);
551         critical_exit();
552 }
553
554 void
555 epoch_call(epoch_t epoch, epoch_context_t ctx, void (*callback) (epoch_context_t))
556 {
557         struct epoch_pcpu_state *eps;
558         ck_epoch_entry_t *cb;
559
560         cb = (void *)ctx;
561
562         MPASS(callback);
563         /* too early in boot to have epoch set up */
564         if (__predict_false(epoch == NULL))
565                 goto boottime;
566
567         critical_enter();
568         *DPCPU_PTR(epoch_cb_count) += 1;
569         eps = epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu];
570         ck_epoch_call(&eps->eps_record.er_record, cb, (ck_epoch_cb_t*)callback);
571         critical_exit();
572         return;
573  boottime:
574         callback(ctx);
575 }
576
577 static void
578 epoch_call_task(void *arg __unused)
579 {
580         ck_stack_entry_t *cursor, *head, *next;
581         ck_epoch_record_t *record;
582         epoch_t epoch;
583         ck_stack_t cb_stack;
584         int i, npending, total;
585
586         ck_stack_init(&cb_stack);
587         critical_enter();
588         epoch_enter(global_epoch);
589         for (total = i = 0; i < epoch_count; i++) {
590                 if (__predict_false((epoch = allepochs[i]) == NULL))
591                         continue;
592                 record = &epoch->e_pcpu[curcpu]->eps_record.er_record;
593                 if ((npending = record->n_pending) == 0)
594                         continue;
595                 ck_epoch_poll_deferred(record, &cb_stack);
596                 total += npending - record->n_pending;
597         }
598         epoch_exit(global_epoch);
599         *DPCPU_PTR(epoch_cb_count) -= total;
600         critical_exit();
601
602         counter_u64_add(epoch_call_count, total);
603         counter_u64_add(epoch_call_task_count, 1);
604
605         head = ck_stack_batch_pop_npsc(&cb_stack);
606         for (cursor = head; cursor != NULL; cursor = next) {
607                 struct ck_epoch_entry *entry =
608                     ck_epoch_entry_container(cursor);
609                 next = CK_STACK_NEXT(cursor);
610                 entry->function(entry);
611         }
612 }
613
614 int
615 in_epoch(void)
616 {
617         return (curthread->td_epochnest != 0);
618 }