2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
4 * Copyright (C) 2011-2014 Matteo Landi, Luigi Rizzo. All rights reserved.
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7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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32 * Definitions of constants and the structures used by the netmap
33 * framework, for the part visible to both kernel and userspace.
34 * Detailed info on netmap is available with "man netmap" or at
36 * http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/
38 * This API is also used to communicate with the VALE software switch
41 #ifndef _NET_NETMAP_H_
42 #define _NET_NETMAP_H_
44 #define NETMAP_API 12 /* current API version */
46 #define NETMAP_MIN_API 11 /* min and max versions accepted */
47 #define NETMAP_MAX_API 15
49 * Some fields should be cache-aligned to reduce contention.
50 * The alignment is architecture and OS dependent, but rather than
51 * digging into OS headers to find the exact value we use an estimate
52 * that should cover most architectures.
54 #define NM_CACHE_ALIGN 128
57 * --- Netmap data structures ---
59 * The userspace data structures used by netmap are shown below.
60 * They are allocated by the kernel and mmap()ed by userspace threads.
61 * Pointers are implemented as memory offsets or indexes,
62 * so that they can be easily dereferenced in kernel and userspace.
64 KERNEL (opaque, obviously)
66 ====================================================================
68 USERSPACE | struct netmap_ring
69 +---->+---------------+
71 struct netmap_if (nifp, 1 per fd) / | buf_ofs |
72 +---------------+ / | other fields |
73 | ni_tx_rings | / +===============+
74 | ni_rx_rings | / | buf_idx, len | slot[0]
76 | | / +---------------+
77 +===============+ / | buf_idx, len | slot[1]
78 | txring_ofs[0] | (rel.to nifp)--' | flags, ptr |
79 | txring_ofs[1] | +---------------+
80 (tx+1 entries) (num_slots entries)
81 | txring_ofs[t] | | buf_idx, len | slot[n-1]
82 +---------------+ | flags, ptr |
83 | rxring_ofs[0] | +---------------+
89 * For each "interface" (NIC, host stack, PIPE, VALE switch port) bound to
90 * a file descriptor, the mmap()ed region contains a (logically readonly)
91 * struct netmap_if pointing to struct netmap_ring's.
93 * There is one netmap_ring per physical NIC ring, plus one tx/rx ring
94 * pair attached to the host stack (this pair is unused for non-NIC ports).
96 * All physical/host stack ports share the same memory region,
97 * so that zero-copy can be implemented between them.
98 * VALE switch ports instead have separate memory regions.
100 * The netmap_ring is the userspace-visible replica of the NIC ring.
101 * Each slot has the index of a buffer (MTU-sized and residing in the
102 * mmapped region), its length and some flags. An extra 64-bit pointer
103 * is provided for user-supplied buffers in the tx path.
105 * In user space, the buffer address is computed as
106 * (char *)ring + buf_ofs + index * NETMAP_BUF_SIZE
108 * Added in NETMAP_API 11:
110 * + NIOCREGIF can request the allocation of extra spare buffers from
111 * the same memory pool. The desired number of buffers must be in
112 * nr_arg3. The ioctl may return fewer buffers, depending on memory
113 * availability. nr_arg3 will return the actual value, and, once
114 * mapped, nifp->ni_bufs_head will be the index of the first buffer.
116 * The buffers are linked to each other using the first uint32_t
117 * as the index. On close, ni_bufs_head must point to the list of
118 * buffers to be released.
120 * + NIOCREGIF can request space for extra rings (and buffers)
121 * allocated in the same memory space. The number of extra rings
122 * is in nr_arg1, and is advisory. This is a no-op on NICs where
123 * the size of the memory space is fixed.
125 * + NIOCREGIF can attach to PIPE rings sharing the same memory
126 * space with a parent device. The ifname indicates the parent device,
127 * which must already exist. Flags in nr_flags indicate if we want to
128 * bind the master or slave side, the index (from nr_ringid)
129 * is just a cookie and does not need to be sequential.
131 * + NIOCREGIF can also attach to 'monitor' rings that replicate
132 * the content of specific rings, also from the same memory space.
134 * Extra flags in nr_flags support the above functions.
135 * Application libraries may use the following naming scheme:
136 * netmap:foo all NIC ring pairs
137 * netmap:foo^ only host ring pair
138 * netmap:foo+ all NIC ring + host ring pairs
139 * netmap:foo-k the k-th NIC ring pair
140 * netmap:foo{k PIPE ring pair k, master side
141 * netmap:foo}k PIPE ring pair k, slave side
143 * Some notes about host rings:
145 * + The RX host ring is used to store those packets that the host network
146 * stack is trying to transmit through a NIC queue, but only if that queue
147 * is currently in netmap mode. Netmap will not intercept host stack mbufs
148 * designated to NIC queues that are not in netmap mode. As a consequence,
149 * registering a netmap port with netmap:foo^ is not enough to intercept
150 * mbufs in the RX host ring; the netmap port should be registered with
151 * netmap:foo*, or another registration should be done to open at least a
152 * NIC TX queue in netmap mode.
154 * + Netmap is not currently able to deal with intercepted trasmit mbufs which
155 * require offloadings like TSO, UFO, checksumming offloadings, etc. It is
156 * responsibility of the user to disable those offloadings (e.g. using
157 * ifconfig on FreeBSD or ethtool -K on Linux) for an interface that is being
158 * used in netmap mode. If the offloadings are not disabled, GSO and/or
159 * unchecksummed packets may be dropped immediately or end up in the host RX
160 * ring, and will be dropped as soon as the packet reaches another netmap
165 * struct netmap_slot is a buffer descriptor
168 uint32_t buf_idx; /* buffer index */
169 uint16_t len; /* length for this slot */
170 uint16_t flags; /* buf changed, etc. */
171 uint64_t ptr; /* pointer for indirect buffers */
175 * The following flags control how the slot is used
178 #define NS_BUF_CHANGED 0x0001 /* buf_idx changed */
180 * must be set whenever buf_idx is changed (as it might be
181 * necessary to recompute the physical address and mapping)
183 * It is also set by the kernel whenever the buf_idx is
184 * changed internally (e.g., by pipes). Applications may
185 * use this information to know when they can reuse the
186 * contents of previously prepared buffers.
189 #define NS_REPORT 0x0002 /* ask the hardware to report results */
191 * Request notification when slot is used by the hardware.
192 * Normally transmit completions are handled lazily and
193 * may be unreported. This flag lets us know when a slot
194 * has been sent (e.g. to terminate the sender).
197 #define NS_FORWARD 0x0004 /* pass packet 'forward' */
199 * (Only for physical ports, rx rings with NR_FORWARD set).
200 * Slot released to the kernel (i.e. before ring->head) with
201 * this flag set are passed to the peer ring (host/NIC),
202 * thus restoring the host-NIC connection for these slots.
203 * This supports efficient traffic monitoring or firewalling.
206 #define NS_NO_LEARN 0x0008 /* disable bridge learning */
208 * On a VALE switch, do not 'learn' the source port for
212 #define NS_INDIRECT 0x0010 /* userspace buffer */
214 * (VALE tx rings only) data is in a userspace buffer,
215 * whose address is in the 'ptr' field in the slot.
218 #define NS_MOREFRAG 0x0020 /* packet has more fragments */
220 * (VALE ports, ptnetmap ports and some NIC ports, e.g.
221 * ixgbe and i40e on Linux)
222 * Set on all but the last slot of a multi-segment packet.
223 * The 'len' field refers to the individual fragment.
226 #define NS_PORT_SHIFT 8
227 #define NS_PORT_MASK (0xff << NS_PORT_SHIFT)
229 * The high 8 bits of the flag, if not zero, indicate the
230 * destination port for the VALE switch, overriding
234 #define NS_RFRAGS(_slot) ( ((_slot)->flags >> 8) & 0xff)
236 * (VALE rx rings only) the high 8 bits
237 * are the number of fragments.
244 * Netmap representation of a TX or RX ring (also known as "queue").
245 * This is a queue implemented as a fixed-size circular array.
246 * At the software level the important fields are: head, cur, tail.
250 * head first slot available for transmission.
251 * cur wakeup point. select() and poll() will unblock
252 * when 'tail' moves past 'cur'
253 * tail (readonly) first slot reserved to the kernel
255 * [head .. tail-1] can be used for new packets to send;
256 * 'head' and 'cur' must be incremented as slots are filled
257 * with new packets to be sent;
258 * 'cur' can be moved further ahead if we need more space
259 * for new transmissions. XXX todo (2014-03-12)
263 * head first valid received packet
264 * cur wakeup point. select() and poll() will unblock
265 * when 'tail' moves past 'cur'
266 * tail (readonly) first slot reserved to the kernel
268 * [head .. tail-1] contain received packets;
269 * 'head' and 'cur' must be incremented as slots are consumed
270 * and can be returned to the kernel;
271 * 'cur' can be moved further ahead if we want to wait for
272 * new packets without returning the previous ones.
274 * DATA OWNERSHIP/LOCKING:
275 * The netmap_ring, and all slots and buffers in the range
276 * [head .. tail-1] are owned by the user program;
277 * the kernel only accesses them during a netmap system call
278 * and in the user thread context.
280 * Other slots and buffers are reserved for use by the kernel
284 * buf_ofs is meant to be used through macros.
285 * It contains the offset of the buffer region from this
288 const int64_t buf_ofs;
289 const uint32_t num_slots; /* number of slots in the ring. */
290 const uint32_t nr_buf_size;
291 const uint16_t ringid;
292 const uint16_t dir; /* 0: tx, 1: rx */
294 uint32_t head; /* (u) first user slot */
295 uint32_t cur; /* (u) wakeup point */
296 uint32_t tail; /* (k) first kernel slot */
300 struct timeval ts; /* (k) time of last *sync() */
302 /* opaque room for a mutex or similar object */
303 #if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
304 uint8_t __attribute__((__aligned__(NM_CACHE_ALIGN))) sem[128];
306 uint8_t __declspec(align(NM_CACHE_ALIGN)) sem[128];
309 /* the slots follow. This struct has variable size */
310 struct netmap_slot slot[0]; /* array of slots. */
317 #define NR_TIMESTAMP 0x0002 /* set timestamp on *sync() */
319 * updates the 'ts' field on each netmap syscall. This saves
320 * saves a separate gettimeofday(), and is not much worse than
321 * software timestamps generated in the interrupt handler.
324 #define NR_FORWARD 0x0004 /* enable NS_FORWARD for ring */
326 * Enables the NS_FORWARD slot flag for the ring.
330 * Helper functions for kernel and userspace
334 * check if space is available in the ring.
337 nm_ring_empty(struct netmap_ring *ring)
339 return (ring->cur == ring->tail);
343 * Netmap representation of an interface and its queue(s).
344 * This is initialized by the kernel when binding a file
345 * descriptor to a port, and should be considered as readonly
346 * by user programs. The kernel never uses it.
348 * There is one netmap_if for each file descriptor on which we want
350 * select/poll operates on one or all pairs depending on the value of
351 * nmr_queueid passed on the ioctl.
354 char ni_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* name of the interface. */
355 const uint32_t ni_version; /* API version, currently unused */
356 const uint32_t ni_flags; /* properties */
357 #define NI_PRIV_MEM 0x1 /* private memory region */
360 * The number of packet rings available in netmap mode.
361 * Physical NICs can have different numbers of tx and rx rings.
362 * Physical NICs also have a 'host' ring pair.
363 * Additionally, clients can request additional ring pairs to
364 * be used for internal communication.
366 const uint32_t ni_tx_rings; /* number of HW tx rings */
367 const uint32_t ni_rx_rings; /* number of HW rx rings */
369 uint32_t ni_bufs_head; /* head index for extra bufs */
370 uint32_t ni_spare1[5];
372 * The following array contains the offset of each netmap ring
373 * from this structure, in the following order:
374 * NIC tx rings (ni_tx_rings); host tx ring (1); extra tx rings;
375 * NIC rx rings (ni_rx_rings); host tx ring (1); extra rx rings.
377 * The area is filled up by the kernel on NIOCREGIF,
378 * and then only read by userspace code.
380 const ssize_t ring_ofs[0];
383 /* Legacy interface to interact with a netmap control device.
384 * Included for backward compatibility. The user should not include this
386 #include "netmap_legacy.h"
389 * New API to control netmap control devices. New applications should only use
390 * nmreq_xyz structs with the NIOCCTRL ioctl() command.
392 * NIOCCTRL takes a nmreq_header struct, which contains the required
393 * API version, the name of a netmap port, a command type, and pointers
394 * to request body and options.
397 * The name of the port (em0, valeXXX:YYY, eth0{pn1 etc.)
399 * nr_version (in/out)
400 * Must match NETMAP_API as used in the kernel, error otherwise.
401 * Always returns the desired value on output.
404 * One of the NETMAP_REQ_* command types below
407 * Pointer to a command-specific struct, described by one
408 * of the struct nmreq_xyz below.
411 * Command specific options, if any.
413 * A NETMAP_REQ_REGISTER command activates netmap mode on the netmap
414 * port (e.g. physical interface) specified by nmreq_header.nr_name.
415 * The request body (struct nmreq_register) has several arguments to
416 * specify how the port is to be registered.
418 * nr_tx_slots, nr_tx_slots, nr_tx_rings, nr_rx_rings (in/out)
419 * On input, non-zero values may be used to reconfigure the port
420 * according to the requested values, but this is not guaranteed.
421 * On output the actual values in use are reported.
424 * Indicate what set of rings must be bound to the netmap
425 * device (e.g. all NIC rings, host rings only, NIC and
426 * host rings, ...). Values are in NR_REG_*.
429 * If nr_mode == NR_REG_ONE_NIC (only a single couple of TX/RX
430 * rings), indicate which NIC TX and/or RX ring is to be bound
431 * (0..nr_*x_rings-1).
434 * Indicate special options for how to open the port.
436 * NR_NO_TX_POLL can be OR-ed to make select()/poll() push
437 * packets on tx rings only if POLLOUT is set.
438 * The default is to push any pending packet.
440 * NR_DO_RX_POLL can be OR-ed to make select()/poll() release
441 * packets on rx rings also when POLLIN is NOT set.
442 * The default is to touch the rx ring only with POLLIN.
443 * Note that this is the opposite of TX because it
444 * reflects the common usage.
446 * Other options are NR_MONITOR_TX, NR_MONITOR_RX, NR_ZCOPY_MON,
447 * NR_EXCLUSIVE, NR_RX_RINGS_ONLY, NR_TX_RINGS_ONLY and
448 * NR_ACCEPT_VNET_HDR.
451 * The identity of the memory region used.
452 * On input, 0 means the system decides autonomously,
453 * other values may try to select a specific region.
454 * On return the actual value is reported.
455 * Region '1' is the global allocator, normally shared
456 * by all interfaces. Other values are private regions.
457 * If two ports the same region zero-copy is possible.
459 * nr_extra_bufs (in/out)
460 * Number of extra buffers to be allocated.
462 * The other NETMAP_REQ_* commands are described below.
466 /* maximum size of a request, including all options */
467 #define NETMAP_REQ_MAXSIZE 4096
469 /* Header common to all request options. */
470 struct nmreq_option {
471 /* Pointer ot the next option. */
474 uint32_t nro_reqtype;
475 /* (out) status of the option:
476 * 0: recognized and processed
482 /* Header common to all requests. Do not reorder these fields, as we need
483 * the second one (nr_reqtype) to know how much to copy from/to userspace. */
484 struct nmreq_header {
485 uint16_t nr_version; /* API version */
486 uint16_t nr_reqtype; /* nmreq type (NETMAP_REQ_*) */
487 uint32_t nr_reserved; /* must be zero */
488 #define NETMAP_REQ_IFNAMSIZ 64
489 char nr_name[NETMAP_REQ_IFNAMSIZ]; /* port name */
490 uint64_t nr_options; /* command-specific options */
491 uint64_t nr_body; /* ptr to nmreq_xyz struct */
495 /* Register a netmap port with the device. */
496 NETMAP_REQ_REGISTER = 1,
497 /* Get information from a netmap port. */
498 NETMAP_REQ_PORT_INFO_GET,
499 /* Attach a netmap port to a VALE switch. */
500 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_ATTACH,
501 /* Detach a netmap port from a VALE switch. */
502 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_DETACH,
503 /* List the ports attached to a VALE switch. */
504 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_LIST,
505 /* Set the port header length (was virtio-net header length). */
506 NETMAP_REQ_PORT_HDR_SET,
507 /* Get the port header length (was virtio-net header length). */
508 NETMAP_REQ_PORT_HDR_GET,
509 /* Create a new persistent VALE port. */
510 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_NEWIF,
511 /* Delete a persistent VALE port. */
512 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_DELIF,
513 /* Enable polling kernel thread(s) on an attached VALE port. */
514 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_POLLING_ENABLE,
515 /* Disable polling kernel thread(s) on an attached VALE port. */
516 NETMAP_REQ_VALE_POLLING_DISABLE,
517 /* Get info about the pools of a memory allocator. */
518 NETMAP_REQ_POOLS_INFO_GET,
522 /* On NETMAP_REQ_REGISTER, ask netmap to use memory allocated
523 * from user-space allocated memory pools (e.g. hugepages). */
524 NETMAP_REQ_OPT_EXTMEM = 1,
528 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_REGISTER
529 * Bind (register) a netmap port to this control device.
531 struct nmreq_register {
532 uint64_t nr_offset; /* nifp offset in the shared region */
533 uint64_t nr_memsize; /* size of the shared region */
534 uint32_t nr_tx_slots; /* slots in tx rings */
535 uint32_t nr_rx_slots; /* slots in rx rings */
536 uint16_t nr_tx_rings; /* number of tx rings */
537 uint16_t nr_rx_rings; /* number of rx rings */
539 uint16_t nr_mem_id; /* id of the memory allocator */
540 uint16_t nr_ringid; /* ring(s) we care about */
541 uint32_t nr_mode; /* specify NR_REG_* modes */
543 uint64_t nr_flags; /* additional flags (see below) */
544 /* monitors use nr_ringid and nr_mode to select the rings to monitor */
545 #define NR_MONITOR_TX 0x100
546 #define NR_MONITOR_RX 0x200
547 #define NR_ZCOPY_MON 0x400
548 /* request exclusive access to the selected rings */
549 #define NR_EXCLUSIVE 0x800
550 /* request ptnetmap host support */
551 #define NR_PASSTHROUGH_HOST NR_PTNETMAP_HOST /* deprecated */
552 #define NR_PTNETMAP_HOST 0x1000
553 #define NR_RX_RINGS_ONLY 0x2000
554 #define NR_TX_RINGS_ONLY 0x4000
555 /* Applications set this flag if they are able to deal with virtio-net headers,
556 * that is send/receive frames that start with a virtio-net header.
557 * If not set, NIOCREGIF will fail with netmap ports that require applications
558 * to use those headers. If the flag is set, the application can use the
559 * NETMAP_VNET_HDR_GET command to figure out the header length. */
560 #define NR_ACCEPT_VNET_HDR 0x8000
561 /* The following two have the same meaning of NETMAP_NO_TX_POLL and
562 * NETMAP_DO_RX_POLL. */
563 #define NR_DO_RX_POLL 0x10000
564 #define NR_NO_TX_POLL 0x20000
566 uint32_t nr_extra_bufs; /* number of requested extra buffers */
569 /* Valid values for nmreq_register.nr_mode (see above). */
570 enum { NR_REG_DEFAULT = 0, /* backward compat, should not be used. */
575 NR_REG_PIPE_MASTER = 5, /* deprecated, use "x{y" port name syntax */
576 NR_REG_PIPE_SLAVE = 6, /* deprecated, use "x}y" port name syntax */
579 /* A single ioctl number is shared by all the new API command.
580 * Demultiplexing is done using the nr_hdr.nr_reqtype field.
581 * FreeBSD uses the size value embedded in the _IOWR to determine
582 * how much to copy in/out, so we define the ioctl() command
583 * specifying only nmreq_header, and copyin/copyout the rest. */
584 #define NIOCCTRL _IOWR('i', 151, struct nmreq_header)
586 /* The ioctl commands to sync TX/RX netmap rings.
587 * NIOCTXSYNC, NIOCRXSYNC synchronize tx or rx queues,
588 * whose identity is set in NIOCREGIF through nr_ringid.
589 * These are non blocking and take no argument. */
590 #define NIOCTXSYNC _IO('i', 148) /* sync tx queues */
591 #define NIOCRXSYNC _IO('i', 149) /* sync rx queues */
594 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_PORT_INFO_GET
595 * Get information about a netmap port, including number of rings.
596 * slots per ring, id of the memory allocator, etc.
598 struct nmreq_port_info_get {
599 uint64_t nr_offset; /* nifp offset in the shared region */
600 uint64_t nr_memsize; /* size of the shared region */
601 uint32_t nr_tx_slots; /* slots in tx rings */
602 uint32_t nr_rx_slots; /* slots in rx rings */
603 uint16_t nr_tx_rings; /* number of tx rings */
604 uint16_t nr_rx_rings; /* number of rx rings */
605 uint16_t nr_mem_id; /* id of the memory allocator */
608 #define NM_BDG_NAME "vale" /* prefix for bridge port name */
611 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_VALE_ATTACH
612 * Attach a netmap port to a VALE switch. Both the name of the netmap
613 * port and the VALE switch are specified through the nr_name argument.
614 * The attach operation could need to register a port, so at least
615 * the same arguments are available.
616 * port_index will contain the index where the port has been attached.
618 struct nmreq_vale_attach {
619 struct nmreq_register reg;
624 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_VALE_DETACH
625 * Detach a netmap port from a VALE switch. Both the name of the netmap
626 * port and the VALE switch are specified through the nr_name argument.
627 * port_index will contain the index where the port was attached.
629 struct nmreq_vale_detach {
634 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_VALE_LIST
635 * List the ports of a VALE switch.
637 struct nmreq_vale_list {
638 /* Name of the VALE port (valeXXX:YYY) or empty. */
639 uint16_t nr_bridge_idx;
640 uint32_t nr_port_idx;
644 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_PORT_HDR_SET or NETMAP_REQ_PORT_HDR_GET
645 * Set the port header length.
647 struct nmreq_port_hdr {
652 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_VALE_NEWIF
653 * Create a new persistent VALE port.
655 struct nmreq_vale_newif {
656 uint32_t nr_tx_slots; /* slots in tx rings */
657 uint32_t nr_rx_slots; /* slots in rx rings */
658 uint16_t nr_tx_rings; /* number of tx rings */
659 uint16_t nr_rx_rings; /* number of rx rings */
660 uint16_t nr_mem_id; /* id of the memory allocator */
664 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_VALE_POLLING_ENABLE or NETMAP_REQ_VALE_POLLING_DISABLE
665 * Enable or disable polling kthreads on a VALE port.
667 struct nmreq_vale_polling {
669 #define NETMAP_POLLING_MODE_SINGLE_CPU 1
670 #define NETMAP_POLLING_MODE_MULTI_CPU 2
671 uint32_t nr_first_cpu_id;
672 uint32_t nr_num_polling_cpus;
676 * nr_reqtype: NETMAP_REQ_POOLS_INFO_GET
677 * Get info about the pools of the memory allocator of the port bound
678 * to a given netmap control device (used i.e. by a ptnetmap-enabled
679 * hypervisor). The nr_hdr.nr_name field is ignored.
681 struct nmreq_pools_info {
684 uint64_t nr_if_pool_offset;
685 uint32_t nr_if_pool_objtotal;
686 uint32_t nr_if_pool_objsize;
687 uint64_t nr_ring_pool_offset;
688 uint32_t nr_ring_pool_objtotal;
689 uint32_t nr_ring_pool_objsize;
690 uint64_t nr_buf_pool_offset;
691 uint32_t nr_buf_pool_objtotal;
692 uint32_t nr_buf_pool_objsize;
696 * data for NETMAP_REQ_OPT_* options
699 struct nmreq_opt_extmem {
700 struct nmreq_option nro_opt; /* common header */
701 uint64_t nro_usrptr; /* (in) ptr to usr memory */
702 struct nmreq_pools_info nro_info; /* (in/out) */
705 #endif /* _NET_NETMAP_H_ */