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38 * Author: Archie Cobbs <archie@freebsd.org>
40 * $Whistle: ng_parse.h,v 1.2 1999/11/29 01:43:48 archie Exp $
43 #ifndef _NETGRAPH_NG_PARSE_H_
44 #define _NETGRAPH_NG_PARSE_H_
48 This defines a library of routines for converting between various C
49 language types in binary form and ASCII strings. Types are user
50 definable. Several pre-defined types are supplied, for some common
51 C types: structures, variable and fixed length arrays, integer types,
52 variable and fixed length strings, IP addresses, etc.
54 A netgraph node type may provide a list of types that correspond to
55 the structures it expects to send and receive in the arguments field
56 of a control message. This allows these messages to be converted
57 between their native binary form and the corresponding ASCII form.
59 A future use of the ASCII form may be for inter-machine communication
60 of control messages, because the ASCII form is machine independent
61 whereas the native binary form is not.
68 '{' [ <name>=<value> ... ] '}'
70 Omitted fields have their default values by implication.
71 The order in which the fields are specified does not matter.
75 '[' [ [index=]<value> ... ] ']'
77 Element value may be specified with or without the "<index>=" prefix;
78 If omitted, the index after the previous element is used.
79 Omitted fields have their default values by implication.
85 That is, strings are specified just like C strings. The usual
86 backslash escapes are accepted.
88 Other simple types (integers, IP addresses) have their obvious forms.
93 Suppose we have a netgraph command that takes as an argument
94 a 'struct foo' shown below. Here is an example of a possible
95 value for the structure, and the corresponding ASCII encoding
98 Structure Binary value
99 --------- ------------
102 struct in_addr ip; 01 02 03 04
104 char label[8]; 61 62 63 0a 00 00 00 00
106 short ary[]; 05 00 00 00 0a 00
111 { ip=1.2.3.4 label="abc\n" alen=3 ary=[ 5 2=10 ] }
113 Note that omitted fields and array elements get their default
114 values ("bar" and ary[2]), and that the alignment is handled
115 automatically (the extra 00 byte after "alen"). Also, since byte
116 order and alignment are inherently machine dependent, so is this
117 conversion process. The above example shows an x86 (little
118 endian) encoding. Also the above example is tricky because the
119 structure is variable length, depending on 'alen', the number of
120 elements in the array 'ary'.
122 Here is how one would define a parse type for the above structure,
123 subclassing the pre-defined types below. We construct the type in
124 a 'bottom up' fashion, defining each field's type first, then the
125 type for the whole structure ('//' comments used to avoid breakage).
127 // Super-type info for 'label' field
128 struct ng_parse_fixedstring_info foo_label_info = { 8 };
130 // Parse type for 'label' field
131 struct ng_parse_type foo_label_type = {
132 &ng_parse_fixedstring_type // super-type
133 &foo_label_info // super-type info
136 #define OFFSETOF(s, e) ((char *)&((s *)0)->e - (char *)((s *)0))
138 // Function to compute the length of the array 'ary', which
139 // is variable length, depending on the previous field 'alen'.
140 // Upon entry 'buf' will be pointing at &ary[0].
142 foo_ary_getLength(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
143 const u_char *start, const u_char *buf)
147 f = (const struct foo *)(buf - OFFSETOF(struct foo, ary));
151 // Super-type info for 'ary' field
152 struct ng_parse_array_info foo_ary_info = {
153 &ng_parse_int16_type, // element type
154 &foo_ary_getLength // func to get array length
157 // Parse type for 'ary' field
158 struct ng_parse_type foo_ary_type = {
159 &ng_parse_array_type, // super-type
160 &foo_ary_info // super-type info
163 // Super-type info for struct foo
164 struct ng_parse_struct_field foo_fields[] = {
165 { "ip", &ng_parse_ipaddr_type },
166 { "bar", &ng_parse_int32_type },
167 { "label", &foo_label_type },
168 { "alen", &ng_parse_uint8_type },
169 { "ary", &foo_ary_type },
173 // Parse type for struct foo
174 struct ng_parse_type foo_type = {
175 &ng_parse_struct_type, // super-type
176 &foo_fields // super-type info
179 To define a type, you can define it as a sub-type of a predefined
180 type as shown above, possibly overriding some of the predefined
181 type's methods, or define an entirely new syntax, with the restriction
182 that the ASCII representation of your type's value must not contain
183 any whitespace or any of these characters: { } [ ] = "
185 See ng_ksocket.c for an example of how to do this for 'struct sockaddr'.
186 See ng_parse.c to see implementations of the pre-defined types below.
190 /************************************************************************
191 METHODS REQUIRED BY A TYPE
192 ************************************************************************/
195 * Three methods are required for a type. These may be given explicitly
196 * or, if NULL, inherited from the super-type. The 'getDefault' method
197 * is always optional; the others are required if there is no super-type.
200 struct ng_parse_type;
203 * Convert ASCII to binary according to the supplied type.
205 * The ASCII characters begin at offset *off in 'string'. The binary
206 * representation is put into 'buf', which has at least *buflen bytes.
207 * 'start' points to the first byte output by ng_parse() (ie, start <= buf).
209 * Upon return, *buflen contains the length of the new binary data, and
210 * *off is updated to point just past the end of the parsed range of
211 * characters, or, in the case of an error, to the offending character(s).
214 * 0 Success; *buflen holds the length of the data
215 * and *off points just past the last char parsed.
216 * EALREADY Field specified twice
217 * ENOENT Unknown field
218 * E2BIG Array or character string overflow
219 * ERANGE Output was longer than *buflen bytes
220 * EINVAL Parse failure or other invalid content
221 * ENOMEM Out of memory
222 * EOPNOTSUPP Mandatory array/structure element missing
224 typedef int ng_parse_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type, const char *string,
225 int *off, const u_char *start,
226 u_char *buf, int *buflen);
229 * Convert binary to ASCII according to the supplied type.
231 * The results are put into 'buf', which is at least buflen bytes long.
232 * *off points to the current byte in 'data' and should be updated
233 * before return to point just past the last byte unparsed.
237 * ERANGE Output was longer than buflen bytes
239 typedef int ng_unparse_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
240 const u_char *data, int *off, char *buf, int buflen);
243 * Compute the default value according to the supplied type.
245 * Store the result in 'buf', which is at least *buflen bytes long.
246 * Upon return *buflen contains the length of the output.
250 * ERANGE Output was longer than *buflen bytes
251 * EOPNOTSUPP Default value is not specified for this type
253 typedef int ng_getDefault_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
254 const u_char *start, u_char *buf, int *buflen);
257 * Return the alignment requirement of this type. Zero is same as one.
259 typedef int ng_getAlign_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type);
261 /************************************************************************
263 ************************************************************************/
266 * This structure describes a type, which may be a sub-type of another
267 * type by pointing to it with 'supertype' and possibly omitting methods.
268 * Typically the super-type requires some type-specific info, which is
269 * supplied by the 'info' field.
271 * The 'private' field is ignored by all of the pre-defined types.
272 * Sub-types may use it as they see fit.
274 * The 'getDefault' method may always be omitted (even if there is no
275 * super-type), which means the value for any item of this type must
276 * always be explicitly given.
278 struct ng_parse_type {
279 const struct ng_parse_type *supertype; /* super-type, if any */
280 const void *info; /* type-specific info */
281 void *private; /* client private info */
282 ng_parse_t *parse; /* parse method */
283 ng_unparse_t *unparse; /* unparse method */
284 ng_getDefault_t *getDefault; /* get default value method */
285 ng_getAlign_t *getAlign; /* get alignment */
288 /************************************************************************
290 ************************************************************************/
295 * This type supports arbitrary C structures. The normal field alignment
296 * rules for the local machine are applied. Fields are always parsed in
297 * field order, no matter what order they are listed in the ASCII string.
299 * Default value: Determined on a per-field basis
300 * Additional info: struct ng_parse_struct_field *
302 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_struct_type;
304 /* Each field has a name, type, and optional alignment override. If the
305 override is non-zero, the alignment is determined from the field type.
306 Note: add an extra struct ng_parse_struct_field with name == NULL
307 to indicate the end of the list. */
308 struct ng_parse_struct_field {
309 const char *name; /* field name */
310 const struct ng_parse_type *type; /* field type */
311 int alignment; /* override alignment */
315 * FIXED LENGTH ARRAY TYPE
317 * This type supports fixed length arrays, having any element type.
319 * Default value: As returned by getDefault for each index
320 * Additional info: struct ng_parse_fixedarray_info *
322 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_fixedarray_type;
325 * Get the default value for the element at index 'index'. This method
326 * may be NULL, in which case the default value is computed from the
327 * element type. Otherwise, it should fill in the default value at *buf
328 * (having size *buflen) and update *buflen to the length of the filled-in
329 * value before return. If there is not enough routine return ERANGE.
331 typedef int ng_parse_array_getDefault_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
332 int index, const u_char *start,
333 u_char *buf, int *buflen);
335 struct ng_parse_fixedarray_info {
336 const struct ng_parse_type *elementType;
338 ng_parse_array_getDefault_t *getDefault;
342 * VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY TYPE
344 * Same as fixed length arrays, except that the length is determined
345 * by a function instead of a constant value.
347 * Default value: Same as with fixed length arrays
348 * Additional info: struct ng_parse_array_info *
350 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_array_type;
353 * Return the length of the array. If the array is a field in a structure,
354 * all prior fields are guaranteed to be filled in already. Upon entry,
355 * 'start' is equal to the first byte parsed in this run, while 'buf' points
356 * to the first element of the array to be filled in.
358 typedef int ng_parse_array_getLength_t(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
359 const u_char *start, const u_char *buf);
361 struct ng_parse_array_info {
362 const struct ng_parse_type *elementType;
363 ng_parse_array_getLength_t *getLength;
364 ng_parse_array_getDefault_t *getDefault;
368 * ARBITRARY LENGTH STRING TYPE
370 * For arbirary length, NUL-terminated strings.
372 * Default value: Empty string
373 * Additional info: None required
375 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_string_type;
378 * BOUNDED LENGTH STRING TYPE
380 * These are strings that have a fixed-size buffer, and always include
381 * a terminating NUL character.
383 * Default value: Empty string
384 * Additional info: struct ng_parse_fixedstring_info *
386 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_fixedstring_type;
388 struct ng_parse_fixedstring_info {
389 int bufSize; /* size of buffer (including NUL) */
393 * EXPLICITLY SIZED STRING TYPE
395 * These are strings that have a two byte length field preceding them.
396 * Parsed strings are NOT NUL-terminated.
398 * Default value: Empty string
399 * Additional info: None
401 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_sizedstring_type;
404 * COMMONLY USED BOUNDED LENGTH STRING TYPES
406 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_nodebuf_type; /* NG_NODESIZ */
407 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_hookbuf_type; /* NG_HOOKSIZ */
408 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_pathbuf_type; /* NG_PATHSIZ */
409 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_typebuf_type; /* NG_TYPESIZ */
410 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_cmdbuf_type; /* NG_CMDSTRSIZ */
416 * Additional info: None required
418 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_int8_type;
419 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_int16_type;
420 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_int32_type;
421 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_int64_type;
423 /* Same thing but unparse as unsigned quantities */
424 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_uint8_type;
425 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_uint16_type;
426 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_uint32_type;
427 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_uint64_type;
429 /* Same thing but unparse as hex quantities, e.g., "0xe7" */
430 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_hint8_type;
431 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_hint16_type;
432 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_hint32_type;
433 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_hint64_type;
438 * Default value: 0.0.0.0
439 * Additional info: None required
441 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_ipaddr_type;
444 * ETHERNET ADDRESS TYPE
446 * Default value: None
447 * Additional info: None required
449 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_enaddr_type;
452 * VARIABLE LENGTH BYTE ARRAY TYPE
454 * The bytes are displayed in hex. The ASCII form may be either an
455 * array of bytes or a string constant, in which case the array is
456 * zero-filled after the string bytes.
458 * Default value: All bytes are zero
459 * Additional info: ng_parse_array_getLength_t *
461 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_bytearray_type;
464 * NETGRAPH CONTROL MESSAGE TYPE
466 * This is the parse type for a struct ng_mesg.
468 * Default value: All fields zero
469 * Additional info: None required
471 extern const struct ng_parse_type ng_parse_ng_mesg_type;
473 /************************************************************************
474 CONVERSTION AND PARSING ROUTINES
475 ************************************************************************/
477 /* Tokens for parsing structs and arrays */
478 enum ng_parse_token {
481 T_LBRACKET, /* '[' */
482 T_RBRACKET, /* ']' */
484 T_STRING, /* string in double quotes */
485 T_ERROR, /* error parsing string in double quotes */
486 T_WORD, /* anything else containing no whitespace */
487 T_EOF, /* end of string reached */
491 * See typedef ng_parse_t for definition
493 extern int ng_parse(const struct ng_parse_type *type, const char *string,
494 int *off, u_char *buf, int *buflen);
497 * See typedef ng_unparse_t for definition (*off assumed to be zero).
499 extern int ng_unparse(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
500 const u_char *data, char *buf, int buflen);
503 * See typedef ng_getDefault_t for definition
505 extern int ng_parse_getDefault(const struct ng_parse_type *type,
506 u_char *buf, int *buflen);
509 * Parse a token: '*startp' is the offset to start looking. Upon
510 * successful return, '*startp' equals the beginning of the token
511 * and '*lenp' the length. If error, '*startp' points at the
512 * offending character(s).
514 extern enum ng_parse_token ng_parse_get_token(const char *s,
515 int *startp, int *lenp);
518 * Like above, but specifically for getting a string token and returning
519 * the string value. The string token must be enclosed in double quotes
520 * and the normal C backslash escapes are recognized. The caller must
521 * eventually free() the returned result. Returns NULL if token is
522 * not a string token, or parse or other error. Otherwise, *lenp contains
523 * the number of characters parsed, and *slenp (if not NULL) contains
524 * the actual number of characters in the parsed string.
526 extern char *ng_get_string_token(const char *s, int *startp,
527 int *lenp, int *slenp);
530 * Convert a raw string into a doubly-quoted string including any
531 * necessary backslash escapes. Caller must free the result.
532 * Returns NULL if ENOMEM. Normally "slen" should equal strlen(s)
533 * unless you want to encode NUL bytes.
535 extern char *ng_encode_string(const char *s, int slen);
537 #endif /* _NETGRAPH_NG_PARSE_H_ */