2 * Copyright (c) 2003 Andre Oppermann, Internet Business Solutions AG
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
14 * products derived from this software without specific prior written
17 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * ip_fastforward gets its speed from processing the forwarded packet to
32 * completion (if_output on the other side) without any queues or netisr's.
33 * The receiving interface DMAs the packet into memory, the upper half of
34 * driver calls ip_fastforward, we do our routing table lookup and directly
35 * send it off to the outgoing interface, which DMAs the packet to the
36 * network card. The only part of the packet we touch with the CPU is the
37 * IP header (unless there are complex firewall rules touching other parts
38 * of the packet, but that is up to you). We are essentially limited by bus
39 * bandwidth and how fast the network card/driver can set up receives and
42 * We handle basic errors, IP header errors, checksum errors,
43 * destination unreachable, fragmentation and fragmentation needed and
44 * report them via ICMP to the sender.
46 * Else if something is not pure IPv4 unicast forwarding we fall back to
47 * the normal ip_input processing path. We should only be called from
48 * interfaces connected to the outside world.
50 * Firewalling is fully supported including divert, ipfw fwd and ipfilter
51 * ipnat and address rewrite.
53 * IPSEC is not supported if this host is a tunnel broker. IPSEC is
54 * supported for connections to/from local host.
56 * We try to do the least expensive (in CPU ops) checks and operations
57 * first to catch junk with as little overhead as possible.
59 * We take full advantage of hardware support for IP checksum and
60 * fragmentation offloading.
62 * We don't do ICMP redirect in the fast forwarding path. I have had my own
63 * cases where two core routers with Zebra routing suite would send millions
64 * ICMP redirects to connected hosts if the destination router was not the
65 * default gateway. In one case it was filling the routing table of a host
66 * with approximately 300.000 cloned redirect entries until it ran out of
67 * kernel memory. However the networking code proved very robust and it didn't
68 * crash or fail in other ways.
72 * Many thanks to Matt Thomas of NetBSD for basic structure of ip_flow.c which
73 * is being followed here.
76 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
77 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
79 #include "opt_ipstealth.h"
81 #include <sys/param.h>
82 #include <sys/systm.h>
83 #include <sys/kernel.h>
84 #include <sys/malloc.h>
86 #include <sys/protosw.h>
88 #include <sys/socket.h>
89 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
93 #include <net/if_types.h>
94 #include <net/if_var.h>
95 #include <net/if_dl.h>
96 #include <net/route.h>
99 #include <netinet/in.h>
100 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
101 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
102 #include <netinet/in_var.h>
103 #include <netinet/ip.h>
104 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
105 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
106 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
108 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
110 static struct sockaddr_in *
111 ip_findroute(struct route *ro, struct in_addr dest, struct mbuf *m)
113 struct sockaddr_in *dst;
117 * Find route to destination.
119 bzero(ro, sizeof(*ro));
120 dst = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ro->ro_dst;
121 dst->sin_family = AF_INET;
122 dst->sin_len = sizeof(*dst);
123 dst->sin_addr.s_addr = dest.s_addr;
124 in_rtalloc_ign(ro, 0, M_GETFIB(m));
127 * Route there and interface still up?
130 if (rt && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
131 (rt->rt_ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) &&
132 (rt->rt_ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING)) {
133 if (rt->rt_flags & RTF_GATEWAY)
134 dst = (struct sockaddr_in *)rt->rt_gateway;
136 IPSTAT_INC(ips_noroute);
137 IPSTAT_INC(ips_cantforward);
140 icmp_error(m, ICMP_UNREACH, ICMP_UNREACH_HOST, 0, 0);
147 * Try to forward a packet based on the destination address.
148 * This is a fast path optimized for the plain forwarding case.
149 * If the packet is handled (and consumed) here then we return NULL;
150 * otherwise mbuf is returned and the packet should be delivered
151 * to ip_input for full processing.
154 ip_tryforward(struct mbuf *m)
157 struct mbuf *m0 = NULL;
159 struct sockaddr_in *dst = NULL;
161 struct in_addr odest, dest;
162 uint16_t ip_len, ip_off;
165 struct m_tag *fwd_tag = NULL;
168 * Are we active and forwarding packets?
174 bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
179 * Is packet dropped by traffic conditioner?
181 if (altq_input != NULL && (*altq_input)(m, AF_INET) == 0)
186 * Only IP packets without options
188 ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
190 if (ip->ip_hl != (sizeof(struct ip) >> 2)) {
191 if (V_ip_doopts == 1)
193 else if (V_ip_doopts == 2) {
194 icmp_error(m, ICMP_UNREACH, ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB,
196 return NULL; /* mbuf already free'd */
198 /* else ignore IP options and continue */
202 * Only unicast IP, not from loopback, no L2 or IP broadcast,
203 * no multicast, no INADDR_ANY
205 * XXX: Probably some of these checks could be direct drop
206 * conditions. However it is not clear whether there are some
207 * hacks or obscure behaviours which make it necessary to
208 * let ip_input handle it. We play safe here and let ip_input
209 * deal with it until it is proven that we can directly drop it.
211 if ((m->m_flags & (M_BCAST|M_MCAST)) ||
212 (m->m_pkthdr.rcvif->if_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) ||
213 ntohl(ip->ip_src.s_addr) == (u_long)INADDR_BROADCAST ||
214 ntohl(ip->ip_dst.s_addr) == (u_long)INADDR_BROADCAST ||
215 IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(ip->ip_src.s_addr)) ||
216 IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(ip->ip_dst.s_addr)) ||
217 IN_LINKLOCAL(ntohl(ip->ip_src.s_addr)) ||
218 IN_LINKLOCAL(ntohl(ip->ip_dst.s_addr)) ||
219 ip->ip_src.s_addr == INADDR_ANY ||
220 ip->ip_dst.s_addr == INADDR_ANY )
224 * Is it for a local address on this host?
226 if (in_localip(ip->ip_dst))
229 IPSTAT_INC(ips_total);
232 * Step 3: incoming packet firewall processing
235 odest.s_addr = dest.s_addr = ip->ip_dst.s_addr;
238 * Run through list of ipfilter hooks for input packets
240 if (!PFIL_HOOKED(&V_inet_pfil_hook))
244 &V_inet_pfil_hook, &m, m->m_pkthdr.rcvif, PFIL_IN, NULL) ||
251 ip = mtod(m, struct ip *); /* m may have changed by pfil hook */
252 dest.s_addr = ip->ip_dst.s_addr;
255 * Destination address changed?
257 if (odest.s_addr != dest.s_addr) {
259 * Is it now for a local address on this host?
261 if (in_localip(dest))
264 * Go on with new destination address
268 if (m->m_flags & M_FASTFWD_OURS) {
270 * ipfw changed it for a local address on this host.
277 * Step 4: decrement TTL and look up route
286 if (ip->ip_ttl <= IPTTLDEC) {
287 icmp_error(m, ICMP_TIMXCEED, ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS, 0, 0);
288 return NULL; /* mbuf already free'd */
292 * Decrement the TTL and incrementally change the IP header checksum.
293 * Don't bother doing this with hw checksum offloading, it's faster
294 * doing it right here.
296 ip->ip_ttl -= IPTTLDEC;
297 if (ip->ip_sum >= (u_int16_t) ~htons(IPTTLDEC << 8))
298 ip->ip_sum -= ~htons(IPTTLDEC << 8);
300 ip->ip_sum += htons(IPTTLDEC << 8);
306 * Find route to destination.
308 if ((dst = ip_findroute(&ro, dest, m)) == NULL)
309 return NULL; /* icmp unreach already sent */
310 ifp = ro.ro_rt->rt_ifp;
313 * Immediately drop blackholed traffic, and directed broadcasts
314 * for either the all-ones or all-zero subnet addresses on
315 * locally attached networks.
317 if ((ro.ro_rt->rt_flags & (RTF_BLACKHOLE|RTF_BROADCAST)) != 0)
321 * Step 5: outgoing firewall packet processing
325 * Run through list of hooks for output packets.
327 if (!PFIL_HOOKED(&V_inet_pfil_hook))
330 if (pfil_run_hooks(&V_inet_pfil_hook, &m, ifp, PFIL_OUT, NULL) || m == NULL) {
337 ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
338 dest.s_addr = ip->ip_dst.s_addr;
341 * Destination address changed?
343 if (m->m_flags & M_IP_NEXTHOP)
344 fwd_tag = m_tag_find(m, PACKET_TAG_IPFORWARD, NULL);
345 if (odest.s_addr != dest.s_addr || fwd_tag != NULL) {
347 * Is it now for a local address on this host?
349 if (m->m_flags & M_FASTFWD_OURS || in_localip(dest)) {
352 * Return packet for processing by ip_input().
354 m->m_flags |= M_FASTFWD_OURS;
360 * Redo route lookup with new destination address
363 dest.s_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)
364 (fwd_tag + 1))->sin_addr.s_addr;
365 m_tag_delete(m, fwd_tag);
366 m->m_flags &= ~M_IP_NEXTHOP;
369 if ((dst = ip_findroute(&ro, dest, m)) == NULL)
370 return NULL; /* icmp unreach already sent */
371 ifp = ro.ro_rt->rt_ifp;
376 * Step 6: send off the packet
378 ip_len = ntohs(ip->ip_len);
379 ip_off = ntohs(ip->ip_off);
382 * Check if route is dampned (when ARP is unable to resolve)
384 if ((ro.ro_rt->rt_flags & RTF_REJECT) &&
385 (ro.ro_rt->rt_expire == 0 || time_uptime < ro.ro_rt->rt_expire)) {
386 icmp_error(m, ICMP_UNREACH, ICMP_UNREACH_HOST, 0, 0);
391 * Check if media link state of interface is not down
393 if (ifp->if_link_state == LINK_STATE_DOWN) {
394 icmp_error(m, ICMP_UNREACH, ICMP_UNREACH_HOST, 0, 0);
399 * Check if packet fits MTU or if hardware will fragment for us
401 if (ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu)
402 mtu = min(ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu, ifp->if_mtu);
408 * Avoid confusing lower layers.
412 * Send off the packet via outgoing interface
414 IP_PROBE(send, NULL, NULL, ip, ifp, ip, NULL);
415 error = (*ifp->if_output)(ifp, m,
416 (struct sockaddr *)dst, &ro);
419 * Handle EMSGSIZE with icmp reply needfrag for TCP MTU discovery
421 if (ip_off & IP_DF) {
422 IPSTAT_INC(ips_cantfrag);
423 icmp_error(m, ICMP_UNREACH, ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG,
428 * We have to fragment the packet
430 m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_IP;
431 if (ip_fragment(ip, &m, mtu, ifp->if_hwassist))
433 KASSERT(m != NULL, ("null mbuf and no error"));
435 * Send off the fragments via outgoing interface
442 * Avoid confusing lower layers.
446 IP_PROBE(send, NULL, NULL, ip, ifp, ip, NULL);
447 error = (*ifp->if_output)(ifp, m,
448 (struct sockaddr *)dst, &ro);
451 } while ((m = m0) != NULL);
453 /* Reclaim remaining fragments */
454 for (m = m0; m; m = m0) {
459 IPSTAT_INC(ips_fragmented);
464 IPSTAT_INC(ips_odropped);
466 counter_u64_add(ro.ro_rt->rt_pksent, 1);
467 IPSTAT_INC(ips_forward);
468 IPSTAT_INC(ips_fastforward);