2 * SPDX-License-Identifier: (BSD-3-Clause AND MIT-CMU)
4 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20 * without specific prior written permission.
22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * from: @(#)vm_kern.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/12/94
37 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
38 * All rights reserved.
40 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
42 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
43 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
44 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
45 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
46 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
48 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
49 * CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
50 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
52 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
54 * Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
55 * School of Computer Science
56 * Carnegie Mellon University
57 * Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
59 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
60 * rights to redistribute these changes.
64 * Kernel memory management.
67 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
68 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
72 #include <sys/param.h>
73 #include <sys/systm.h>
74 #include <sys/kernel.h> /* for ticks and hz */
75 #include <sys/domainset.h>
76 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
79 #include <sys/malloc.h>
80 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
81 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
83 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
87 #include <vm/vm_domainset.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
90 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
91 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
92 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
93 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
94 #include <vm/vm_phys.h>
95 #include <vm/vm_pagequeue.h>
96 #include <vm/vm_radix.h>
97 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
104 const void *zero_region;
105 CTASSERT((ZERO_REGION_SIZE & PAGE_MASK) == 0);
107 /* NB: Used by kernel debuggers. */
108 const u_long vm_maxuser_address = VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS;
110 u_int exec_map_entry_size;
111 u_int exec_map_entries;
113 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm, OID_AUTO, min_kernel_address, CTLFLAG_RD,
114 SYSCTL_NULL_ULONG_PTR, VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS, "Min kernel address");
116 SYSCTL_ULONG(_vm, OID_AUTO, max_kernel_address, CTLFLAG_RD,
117 #if defined(__arm__) || defined(__sparc64__)
118 &vm_max_kernel_address, 0,
120 SYSCTL_NULL_ULONG_PTR, VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS,
122 "Max kernel address");
124 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
125 #define KVA_QUANTUM_SHIFT (VM_LEVEL_0_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT)
127 /* On non-superpage architectures we want large import sizes. */
128 #define KVA_QUANTUM_SHIFT (8 + PAGE_SHIFT)
130 #define KVA_QUANTUM (1 << KVA_QUANTUM_SHIFT)
132 extern void uma_startup2(void);
137 * Allocate a virtual address range with no underlying object and
138 * no initial mapping to physical memory. Any mapping from this
139 * range to physical memory must be explicitly created prior to
140 * its use, typically with pmap_qenter(). Any attempt to create
141 * a mapping on demand through vm_fault() will result in a panic.
144 kva_alloc(vm_size_t size)
148 size = round_page(size);
149 if (vmem_alloc(kernel_arena, size, M_BESTFIT | M_NOWAIT, &addr))
158 * Release a region of kernel virtual memory allocated
159 * with kva_alloc, and return the physical pages
160 * associated with that region.
162 * This routine may not block on kernel maps.
165 kva_free(vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
168 size = round_page(size);
169 vmem_free(kernel_arena, addr, size);
173 * Allocates a region from the kernel address map and physical pages
174 * within the specified address range to the kernel object. Creates a
175 * wired mapping from this region to these pages, and returns the
176 * region's starting virtual address. The allocated pages are not
177 * necessarily physically contiguous. If M_ZERO is specified through the
178 * given flags, then the pages are zeroed before they are mapped.
181 kmem_alloc_attr_domain(int domain, vm_size_t size, int flags, vm_paddr_t low,
182 vm_paddr_t high, vm_memattr_t memattr)
185 vm_object_t object = kernel_object;
186 vm_offset_t addr, i, offset;
191 size = round_page(size);
192 vmem = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
193 if (vmem_alloc(vmem, size, M_BESTFIT | flags, &addr))
195 offset = addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
196 pflags = malloc2vm_flags(flags) | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_WIRED;
197 pflags &= ~(VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT | VM_ALLOC_WAITOK | VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL);
198 pflags |= VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT;
199 prot = (flags & M_EXEC) != 0 ? VM_PROT_ALL : VM_PROT_RW;
200 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
201 for (i = 0; i < size; i += PAGE_SIZE) {
204 m = vm_page_alloc_contig_domain(object, atop(offset + i),
205 domain, pflags, 1, low, high, PAGE_SIZE, 0, memattr);
207 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
208 if (tries < ((flags & M_NOWAIT) != 0 ? 1 : 3)) {
209 if (!vm_page_reclaim_contig_domain(domain,
210 pflags, 1, low, high, PAGE_SIZE, 0) &&
211 (flags & M_WAITOK) != 0)
212 vm_wait_domain(domain);
213 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
217 kmem_unback(object, addr, i);
218 vmem_free(vmem, addr, size);
221 KASSERT(vm_phys_domain(m) == domain,
222 ("kmem_alloc_attr_domain: Domain mismatch %d != %d",
223 vm_phys_domain(m), domain));
224 if ((flags & M_ZERO) && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
226 m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
227 pmap_enter(kernel_pmap, addr + i, m, prot,
228 prot | PMAP_ENTER_WIRED, 0);
230 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
235 kmem_alloc_attr(vm_size_t size, int flags, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
236 vm_memattr_t memattr)
239 return (kmem_alloc_attr_domainset(DOMAINSET_RR(), size, flags, low,
244 kmem_alloc_attr_domainset(struct domainset *ds, vm_size_t size, int flags,
245 vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, vm_memattr_t memattr)
247 struct vm_domainset_iter di;
251 vm_domainset_iter_policy_init(&di, ds, &domain, &flags);
253 addr = kmem_alloc_attr_domain(domain, size, flags, low, high,
257 } while (vm_domainset_iter_policy(&di, &domain) == 0);
263 * Allocates a region from the kernel address map and physically
264 * contiguous pages within the specified address range to the kernel
265 * object. Creates a wired mapping from this region to these pages, and
266 * returns the region's starting virtual address. If M_ZERO is specified
267 * through the given flags, then the pages are zeroed before they are
271 kmem_alloc_contig_domain(int domain, vm_size_t size, int flags, vm_paddr_t low,
272 vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary,
273 vm_memattr_t memattr)
276 vm_object_t object = kernel_object;
277 vm_offset_t addr, offset, tmp;
282 size = round_page(size);
283 vmem = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
284 if (vmem_alloc(vmem, size, flags | M_BESTFIT, &addr))
286 offset = addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
287 pflags = malloc2vm_flags(flags) | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_WIRED;
288 pflags &= ~(VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT | VM_ALLOC_WAITOK | VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL);
289 pflags |= VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT;
291 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
294 m = vm_page_alloc_contig_domain(object, atop(offset), domain, pflags,
295 npages, low, high, alignment, boundary, memattr);
297 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
298 if (tries < ((flags & M_NOWAIT) != 0 ? 1 : 3)) {
299 if (!vm_page_reclaim_contig_domain(domain, pflags,
300 npages, low, high, alignment, boundary) &&
301 (flags & M_WAITOK) != 0)
302 vm_wait_domain(domain);
303 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
307 vmem_free(vmem, addr, size);
310 KASSERT(vm_phys_domain(m) == domain,
311 ("kmem_alloc_contig_domain: Domain mismatch %d != %d",
312 vm_phys_domain(m), domain));
315 for (; m < end_m; m++) {
316 if ((flags & M_ZERO) && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
318 m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
319 pmap_enter(kernel_pmap, tmp, m, VM_PROT_RW,
320 VM_PROT_RW | PMAP_ENTER_WIRED, 0);
323 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
328 kmem_alloc_contig(vm_size_t size, int flags, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
329 u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary, vm_memattr_t memattr)
332 return (kmem_alloc_contig_domainset(DOMAINSET_RR(), size, flags, low,
333 high, alignment, boundary, memattr));
337 kmem_alloc_contig_domainset(struct domainset *ds, vm_size_t size, int flags,
338 vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary,
339 vm_memattr_t memattr)
341 struct vm_domainset_iter di;
345 vm_domainset_iter_policy_init(&di, ds, &domain, &flags);
347 addr = kmem_alloc_contig_domain(domain, size, flags, low, high,
348 alignment, boundary, memattr);
351 } while (vm_domainset_iter_policy(&di, &domain) == 0);
359 * Allocates a map to manage a subrange
360 * of the kernel virtual address space.
362 * Arguments are as follows:
364 * parent Map to take range from
365 * min, max Returned endpoints of map
366 * size Size of range to find
367 * superpage_align Request that min is superpage aligned
370 kmem_suballoc(vm_map_t parent, vm_offset_t *min, vm_offset_t *max,
371 vm_size_t size, boolean_t superpage_align)
376 size = round_page(size);
378 *min = vm_map_min(parent);
379 ret = vm_map_find(parent, NULL, 0, min, size, 0, superpage_align ?
380 VMFS_SUPER_SPACE : VMFS_ANY_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL,
382 if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS)
383 panic("kmem_suballoc: bad status return of %d", ret);
385 result = vm_map_create(vm_map_pmap(parent), *min, *max);
387 panic("kmem_suballoc: cannot create submap");
388 if (vm_map_submap(parent, *min, *max, result) != KERN_SUCCESS)
389 panic("kmem_suballoc: unable to change range to submap");
394 * kmem_malloc_domain:
396 * Allocate wired-down pages in the kernel's address space.
399 kmem_malloc_domain(int domain, vm_size_t size, int flags)
405 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
406 if (__predict_true((flags & M_EXEC) == 0))
407 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
409 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_rwx_arena;
411 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
413 size = round_page(size);
414 if (vmem_alloc(arena, size, flags | M_BESTFIT, &addr))
417 rv = kmem_back_domain(domain, kernel_object, addr, size, flags);
418 if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) {
419 vmem_free(arena, addr, size);
426 kmem_malloc(vm_size_t size, int flags)
429 return (kmem_malloc_domainset(DOMAINSET_RR(), size, flags));
433 kmem_malloc_domainset(struct domainset *ds, vm_size_t size, int flags)
435 struct vm_domainset_iter di;
439 vm_domainset_iter_policy_init(&di, ds, &domain, &flags);
441 addr = kmem_malloc_domain(domain, size, flags);
444 } while (vm_domainset_iter_policy(&di, &domain) == 0);
452 * Allocate physical pages from the specified domain for the specified
453 * virtual address range.
456 kmem_back_domain(int domain, vm_object_t object, vm_offset_t addr,
457 vm_size_t size, int flags)
459 vm_offset_t offset, i;
464 KASSERT(object == kernel_object,
465 ("kmem_back_domain: only supports kernel object."));
467 offset = addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
468 pflags = malloc2vm_flags(flags) | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_WIRED;
469 pflags &= ~(VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT | VM_ALLOC_WAITOK | VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL);
470 if (flags & M_WAITOK)
471 pflags |= VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL;
472 prot = (flags & M_EXEC) != 0 ? VM_PROT_ALL : VM_PROT_RW;
475 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
477 mpred = vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, atop(offset + i));
478 for (; i < size; i += PAGE_SIZE, mpred = m) {
479 m = vm_page_alloc_domain_after(object, atop(offset + i),
480 domain, pflags, mpred);
483 * Ran out of space, free everything up and return. Don't need
484 * to lock page queues here as we know that the pages we got
485 * aren't on any queues.
488 if ((flags & M_NOWAIT) == 0)
490 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
491 kmem_unback(object, addr, i);
492 return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
494 KASSERT(vm_phys_domain(m) == domain,
495 ("kmem_back_domain: Domain mismatch %d != %d",
496 vm_phys_domain(m), domain));
497 if (flags & M_ZERO && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
499 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0,
500 ("kmem_malloc: page %p is managed", m));
501 m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
502 pmap_enter(kernel_pmap, addr + i, m, prot,
503 prot | PMAP_ENTER_WIRED, 0);
504 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
505 if (__predict_false((prot & VM_PROT_EXECUTE) != 0))
506 m->oflags |= VPO_KMEM_EXEC;
509 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
511 return (KERN_SUCCESS);
517 * Allocate physical pages for the specified virtual address range.
520 kmem_back(vm_object_t object, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size, int flags)
522 vm_offset_t end, next, start;
525 KASSERT(object == kernel_object,
526 ("kmem_back: only supports kernel object."));
528 for (start = addr, end = addr + size; addr < end; addr = next) {
530 * We must ensure that pages backing a given large virtual page
531 * all come from the same physical domain.
533 if (vm_ndomains > 1) {
534 domain = (addr >> KVA_QUANTUM_SHIFT) % vm_ndomains;
535 while (VM_DOMAIN_EMPTY(domain))
537 next = roundup2(addr + 1, KVA_QUANTUM);
538 if (next > end || next < start)
544 rv = kmem_back_domain(domain, object, addr, next - addr, flags);
545 if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) {
546 kmem_unback(object, start, addr - start);
556 * Unmap and free the physical pages underlying the specified virtual
559 * A physical page must exist within the specified object at each index
560 * that is being unmapped.
563 _kmem_unback(vm_object_t object, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
567 vm_offset_t end, offset;
570 KASSERT(object == kernel_object,
571 ("kmem_unback: only supports kernel object."));
575 pmap_remove(kernel_pmap, addr, addr + size);
576 offset = addr - VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS;
578 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
579 m = vm_page_lookup(object, atop(offset));
580 domain = vm_phys_domain(m);
581 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
582 if (__predict_true((m->oflags & VPO_KMEM_EXEC) == 0))
583 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
585 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_rwx_arena;
587 arena = vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena;
589 for (; offset < end; offset += PAGE_SIZE, m = next) {
590 next = vm_page_next(m);
591 vm_page_busy_acquire(m, 0);
592 vm_page_unwire_noq(m);
595 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
601 kmem_unback(vm_object_t object, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
604 (void)_kmem_unback(object, addr, size);
610 * Free memory allocated with kmem_malloc. The size must match the
611 * original allocation.
614 kmem_free(vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
618 size = round_page(size);
619 arena = _kmem_unback(kernel_object, addr, size);
621 vmem_free(arena, addr, size);
627 * Allocates pageable memory from a sub-map of the kernel. If the submap
628 * has no room, the caller sleeps waiting for more memory in the submap.
630 * This routine may block.
633 kmap_alloc_wait(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size)
637 size = round_page(size);
638 if (!swap_reserve(size))
643 * To make this work for more than one map, use the map's lock
644 * to lock out sleepers/wakers.
647 addr = vm_map_findspace(map, vm_map_min(map), size);
648 if (addr + size <= vm_map_max(map))
650 /* no space now; see if we can ever get space */
651 if (vm_map_max(map) - vm_map_min(map) < size) {
656 map->needs_wakeup = TRUE;
657 vm_map_unlock_and_wait(map, 0);
659 vm_map_insert(map, NULL, 0, addr, addr + size, VM_PROT_RW, VM_PROT_RW,
668 * Returns memory to a submap of the kernel, and wakes up any processes
669 * waiting for memory in that map.
672 kmap_free_wakeup(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
676 (void) vm_map_delete(map, trunc_page(addr), round_page(addr + size));
677 if (map->needs_wakeup) {
678 map->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
685 kmem_init_zero_region(void)
691 * Map a single physical page of zeros to a larger virtual range.
692 * This requires less looping in places that want large amounts of
693 * zeros, while not using much more physical resources.
695 addr = kva_alloc(ZERO_REGION_SIZE);
696 m = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL |
697 VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_WIRED | VM_ALLOC_ZERO);
698 if ((m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
700 for (i = 0; i < ZERO_REGION_SIZE; i += PAGE_SIZE)
701 pmap_qenter(addr + i, &m, 1);
702 pmap_protect(kernel_pmap, addr, addr + ZERO_REGION_SIZE, VM_PROT_READ);
704 zero_region = (const void *)addr;
708 * Import KVA from the kernel map into the kernel arena.
711 kva_import(void *unused, vmem_size_t size, int flags, vmem_addr_t *addrp)
716 KASSERT((size % KVA_QUANTUM) == 0,
717 ("kva_import: Size %jd is not a multiple of %d",
718 (intmax_t)size, (int)KVA_QUANTUM));
719 addr = vm_map_min(kernel_map);
720 result = vm_map_find(kernel_map, NULL, 0, &addr, size, 0,
721 VMFS_SUPER_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_NOFAULT);
722 if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
731 * Import KVA from a parent arena into a per-domain arena. Imports must be
732 * KVA_QUANTUM-aligned and a multiple of KVA_QUANTUM in size.
735 kva_import_domain(void *arena, vmem_size_t size, int flags, vmem_addr_t *addrp)
738 KASSERT((size % KVA_QUANTUM) == 0,
739 ("kva_import_domain: Size %jd is not a multiple of %d",
740 (intmax_t)size, (int)KVA_QUANTUM));
741 return (vmem_xalloc(arena, size, KVA_QUANTUM, 0, 0, VMEM_ADDR_MIN,
742 VMEM_ADDR_MAX, flags, addrp));
748 * Create the kernel map; insert a mapping covering kernel text,
749 * data, bss, and all space allocated thus far (`boostrap' data). The
750 * new map will thus map the range between VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS and
751 * `start' as allocated, and the range between `start' and `end' as free.
752 * Create the kernel vmem arena and its per-domain children.
755 kmem_init(vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end)
760 m = vm_map_create(kernel_pmap, VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS, end);
763 /* N.B.: cannot use kgdb to debug, starting with this assignment ... */
765 (void)vm_map_insert(m, NULL, 0,
769 VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS,
771 start, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_NOFAULT);
772 /* ... and ending with the completion of the above `insert' */
776 * Mark KVA used for the page array as allocated. Other platforms
777 * that handle vm_page_array allocation can simply adjust virtual_avail
780 (void)vm_map_insert(m, NULL, 0, (vm_offset_t)vm_page_array,
781 (vm_offset_t)vm_page_array + round_2mpage(vm_page_array_size *
782 sizeof(struct vm_page)),
783 VM_PROT_RW, VM_PROT_RW, MAP_NOFAULT);
788 * Initialize the kernel_arena. This can grow on demand.
790 vmem_init(kernel_arena, "kernel arena", 0, 0, PAGE_SIZE, 0, 0);
791 vmem_set_import(kernel_arena, kva_import, NULL, NULL, KVA_QUANTUM);
793 for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++) {
795 * Initialize the per-domain arenas. These are used to color
796 * the KVA space in a way that ensures that virtual large pages
797 * are backed by memory from the same physical domain,
798 * maximizing the potential for superpage promotion.
800 vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena = vmem_create(
801 "kernel arena domain", 0, 0, PAGE_SIZE, 0, M_WAITOK);
802 vmem_set_import(vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_arena,
803 kva_import_domain, NULL, kernel_arena, KVA_QUANTUM);
806 * In architectures with superpages, maintain separate arenas
807 * for allocations with permissions that differ from the
808 * "standard" read/write permissions used for kernel memory,
809 * so as not to inhibit superpage promotion.
811 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
812 vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_rwx_arena = vmem_create(
813 "kernel rwx arena domain", 0, 0, PAGE_SIZE, 0, M_WAITOK);
814 vmem_set_import(vm_dom[domain].vmd_kernel_rwx_arena,
815 kva_import_domain, (vmem_release_t *)vmem_xfree,
816 kernel_arena, KVA_QUANTUM);
821 * This must be the very first call so that the virtual address
822 * space used for early allocations is properly marked used in
829 * kmem_bootstrap_free:
831 * Free pages backing preloaded data (e.g., kernel modules) to the
832 * system. Currently only supported on platforms that create a
833 * vm_phys segment for preloaded data.
836 kmem_bootstrap_free(vm_offset_t start, vm_size_t size)
838 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
839 struct vm_domain *vmd;
844 end = trunc_page(start + size);
845 start = round_page(start);
849 * Preloaded files do not have execute permissions by default on amd64.
850 * Restore the default permissions to ensure that the direct map alias
853 pmap_change_prot(start, end - start, VM_PROT_RW);
855 for (va = start; va < end; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
856 pa = pmap_kextract(va);
857 m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
859 vmd = vm_pagequeue_domain(m);
860 vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
861 vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
862 vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
864 vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, 1);
865 vm_cnt.v_page_count++;
867 pmap_remove(kernel_pmap, start, end);
868 (void)vmem_add(kernel_arena, start, end - start, M_WAITOK);
873 * Allow userspace to directly trigger the VM drain routine for testing
877 debug_vm_lowmem(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
882 error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
885 if ((i & ~(VM_LOW_KMEM | VM_LOW_PAGES)) != 0)
888 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(vm_lowmem, i);
892 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug, OID_AUTO, vm_lowmem, CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE | CTLFLAG_RW, 0, 0,
893 debug_vm_lowmem, "I", "set to trigger vm_lowmem event with given flags");