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[FreeBSD/FreeBSD.git] / sys / vm / vm_map.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      from: @(#)vm_map.c      8.3 (Berkeley) 1/12/94
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

/*
 *      Virtual memory mapping module.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/ktr.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/swap_pager.h>
#include <vm/uma.h>

/*
 *      Virtual memory maps provide for the mapping, protection,
 *      and sharing of virtual memory objects.  In addition,
 *      this module provides for an efficient virtual copy of
 *      memory from one map to another.
 *
 *      Synchronization is required prior to most operations.
 *
 *      Maps consist of an ordered doubly-linked list of simple
 *      entries; a single hint is used to speed up lookups.
 *
 *      Since portions of maps are specified by start/end addresses,
 *      which may not align with existing map entries, all
 *      routines merely "clip" entries to these start/end values.
 *      [That is, an entry is split into two, bordering at a
 *      start or end value.]  Note that these clippings may not
 *      always be necessary (as the two resulting entries are then
 *      not changed); however, the clipping is done for convenience.
 *
 *      As mentioned above, virtual copy operations are performed
 *      by copying VM object references from one map to
 *      another, and then marking both regions as copy-on-write.
 */

/*
 *      vm_map_startup:
 *
 *      Initialize the vm_map module.  Must be called before
 *      any other vm_map routines.
 *
 *      Map and entry structures are allocated from the general
 *      purpose memory pool with some exceptions:
 *
 *      - The kernel map and kmem submap are allocated statically.
 *      - Kernel map entries are allocated out of a static pool.
 *
 *      These restrictions are necessary since malloc() uses the
 *      maps and requires map entries.
 */

static uma_zone_t mapentzone;
static uma_zone_t kmapentzone;
static uma_zone_t mapzone;
static uma_zone_t vmspace_zone;
static struct vm_object kmapentobj;
static void vmspace_zinit(void *mem, int size);
static void vmspace_zfini(void *mem, int size);
static void vm_map_zinit(void *mem, int size);
static void vm_map_zfini(void *mem, int size);
static void _vm_map_init(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t min, vm_offset_t max);

#ifdef INVARIANTS
static void vm_map_zdtor(void *mem, int size, void *arg);
static void vmspace_zdtor(void *mem, int size, void *arg);
#endif

void
vm_map_startup(void)
{
        mapzone = uma_zcreate("MAP", sizeof(struct vm_map), NULL,
#ifdef INVARIANTS
            vm_map_zdtor,
#else
            NULL,
#endif
            vm_map_zinit, vm_map_zfini, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, UMA_ZONE_NOFREE);
        uma_prealloc(mapzone, MAX_KMAP);
        kmapentzone = uma_zcreate("KMAP ENTRY", sizeof(struct vm_map_entry), 
            NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, UMA_ALIGN_PTR,
            UMA_ZONE_MTXCLASS | UMA_ZONE_VM);
        uma_prealloc(kmapentzone, MAX_KMAPENT);
        mapentzone = uma_zcreate("MAP ENTRY", sizeof(struct vm_map_entry), 
            NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, 0);
        uma_prealloc(mapentzone, MAX_MAPENT);
}

static void
vmspace_zfini(void *mem, int size)
{
        struct vmspace *vm;

        vm = (struct vmspace *)mem;

        vm_map_zfini(&vm->vm_map, sizeof(vm->vm_map));
}

static void
vmspace_zinit(void *mem, int size)
{
        struct vmspace *vm;

        vm = (struct vmspace *)mem;

        vm_map_zinit(&vm->vm_map, sizeof(vm->vm_map));
}

static void
vm_map_zfini(void *mem, int size)
{
        vm_map_t map;

        map = (vm_map_t)mem;

        lockdestroy(&map->lock);
}

static void
vm_map_zinit(void *mem, int size)
{
        vm_map_t map;

        map = (vm_map_t)mem;
        map->nentries = 0;
        map->size = 0;
        map->infork = 0;
        lockinit(&map->lock, PVM, "thrd_sleep", 0, LK_NOPAUSE);
}

#ifdef INVARIANTS
static void
vmspace_zdtor(void *mem, int size, void *arg)
{
        struct vmspace *vm;

        vm = (struct vmspace *)mem;

        vm_map_zdtor(&vm->vm_map, sizeof(vm->vm_map), arg);
}
static void
vm_map_zdtor(void *mem, int size, void *arg)
{
        vm_map_t map;

        map = (vm_map_t)mem;
        KASSERT(map->nentries == 0,
            ("map %p nentries == %d on free.", 
            map, map->nentries));
        KASSERT(map->size == 0,
            ("map %p size == %lu on free.",
            map, (unsigned long)map->size));
        KASSERT(map->infork == 0,
            ("map %p infork == %d on free.",
            map, map->infork));
}
#endif  /* INVARIANTS */

/*
 * Allocate a vmspace structure, including a vm_map and pmap,
 * and initialize those structures.  The refcnt is set to 1.
 * The remaining fields must be initialized by the caller.
 */
struct vmspace *
vmspace_alloc(min, max)
        vm_offset_t min, max;
{
        struct vmspace *vm;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;
        vm = uma_zalloc(vmspace_zone, M_WAITOK);
        CTR1(KTR_VM, "vmspace_alloc: %p", vm);
        _vm_map_init(&vm->vm_map, min, max);
        pmap_pinit(vmspace_pmap(vm));
        vm->vm_map.pmap = vmspace_pmap(vm);             /* XXX */
        vm->vm_refcnt = 1;
        vm->vm_shm = NULL;
        vm->vm_freer = NULL;
        return (vm);
}

void
vm_init2(void) 
{
        uma_zone_set_obj(kmapentzone, &kmapentobj, lmin(cnt.v_page_count,
            (VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS - KERNBASE) / PAGE_SIZE) / 8);
        vmspace_zone = uma_zcreate("VMSPACE", sizeof(struct vmspace), NULL,
#ifdef INVARIANTS
            vmspace_zdtor,
#else
            NULL,
#endif
            vmspace_zinit, vmspace_zfini, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, UMA_ZONE_NOFREE);
        pmap_init2();
        vm_object_init2();
}

static __inline void
vmspace_dofree(struct vmspace *vm)
{
        CTR1(KTR_VM, "vmspace_free: %p", vm);
        /*
         * Lock the map, to wait out all other references to it.
         * Delete all of the mappings and pages they hold, then call
         * the pmap module to reclaim anything left.
         */
        vm_map_lock(&vm->vm_map);
        (void) vm_map_delete(&vm->vm_map, vm->vm_map.min_offset,
            vm->vm_map.max_offset);
        vm_map_unlock(&vm->vm_map);

        pmap_release(vmspace_pmap(vm));
        uma_zfree(vmspace_zone, vm);
}

void
vmspace_free(struct vmspace *vm)
{
        GIANT_REQUIRED;

        if (vm->vm_refcnt == 0)
                panic("vmspace_free: attempt to free already freed vmspace");

        if (--vm->vm_refcnt == 0)
                vmspace_dofree(vm);
}

void
vmspace_exitfree(struct proc *p)
{
        struct vmspace *vm;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;
        if (p == p->p_vmspace->vm_freer) {
                vm = p->p_vmspace;
                p->p_vmspace = NULL;
                vmspace_dofree(vm);
        }
}

/*
 * vmspace_swap_count() - count the approximate swap useage in pages for a
 *                        vmspace.
 *
 *      Swap useage is determined by taking the proportional swap used by
 *      VM objects backing the VM map.  To make up for fractional losses,
 *      if the VM object has any swap use at all the associated map entries
 *      count for at least 1 swap page.
 */
int
vmspace_swap_count(struct vmspace *vmspace)
{
        vm_map_t map = &vmspace->vm_map;
        vm_map_entry_t cur;
        int count = 0;

        vm_map_lock_read(map);
        for (cur = map->header.next; cur != &map->header; cur = cur->next) {
                vm_object_t object;

                if ((cur->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) == 0 &&
                    (object = cur->object.vm_object) != NULL &&
                    object->type == OBJT_SWAP
                ) {
                        int n = (cur->end - cur->start) / PAGE_SIZE;

                        if (object->un_pager.swp.swp_bcount) {
                                count += object->un_pager.swp.swp_bcount *
                                    SWAP_META_PAGES * n / object->size + 1;
                        }
                }
        }
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
        return (count);
}

void
_vm_map_lock(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{
        int error;

        if (map->system_map)
                GIANT_REQUIRED;
        error = lockmgr(&map->lock, LK_EXCLUSIVE, NULL, curthread);
        KASSERT(error == 0, ("%s: failed to get lock", __func__));
        map->timestamp++;
}

void
_vm_map_unlock(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{

        lockmgr(&map->lock, LK_RELEASE, NULL, curthread);
}

void
_vm_map_lock_read(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{
        int error;

        if (map->system_map)
                GIANT_REQUIRED;
        error = lockmgr(&map->lock, LK_EXCLUSIVE, NULL, curthread);
        KASSERT(error == 0, ("%s: failed to get lock", __func__));
}

void
_vm_map_unlock_read(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{

        lockmgr(&map->lock, LK_RELEASE, NULL, curthread);
}

int
_vm_map_trylock(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{
        int error;

        if (map->system_map)
                GIANT_REQUIRED;
        error = lockmgr(&map->lock, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL, curthread);
        return (error == 0);
}

int
_vm_map_lock_upgrade(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{

        KASSERT(lockstatus(&map->lock, curthread) == LK_EXCLUSIVE,
                ("%s: lock not held", __func__));
        map->timestamp++;
        return (0);
}

void
_vm_map_lock_downgrade(vm_map_t map, const char *file, int line)
{

        KASSERT(lockstatus(&map->lock, curthread) == LK_EXCLUSIVE,
                ("%s: lock not held", __func__));
}

/*
 *      vm_map_unlock_and_wait:
 */
int
vm_map_unlock_and_wait(vm_map_t map, boolean_t user_wait)
{
        int retval;

        mtx_lock(&Giant);
        vm_map_unlock(map);
        retval = tsleep(&map->root, PVM, "vmmapw", 0);
        mtx_unlock(&Giant);
        return (retval);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_wakeup:
 */
void
vm_map_wakeup(vm_map_t map)
{

        /*
         * Acquire and release Giant to prevent a wakeup() from being
         * performed (and lost) between the vm_map_unlock() and the
         * tsleep() in vm_map_unlock_and_wait().
         */
        mtx_lock(&Giant);
        mtx_unlock(&Giant);
        wakeup(&map->root);
}

long
vmspace_resident_count(struct vmspace *vmspace)
{
        return pmap_resident_count(vmspace_pmap(vmspace));
}

/*
 *      vm_map_create:
 *
 *      Creates and returns a new empty VM map with
 *      the given physical map structure, and having
 *      the given lower and upper address bounds.
 */
vm_map_t
vm_map_create(pmap_t pmap, vm_offset_t min, vm_offset_t max)
{
        vm_map_t result;

        result = uma_zalloc(mapzone, M_WAITOK);
        CTR1(KTR_VM, "vm_map_create: %p", result);
        _vm_map_init(result, min, max);
        result->pmap = pmap;
        return (result);
}

/*
 * Initialize an existing vm_map structure
 * such as that in the vmspace structure.
 * The pmap is set elsewhere.
 */
static void
_vm_map_init(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t min, vm_offset_t max)
{

        map->header.next = map->header.prev = &map->header;
        map->needs_wakeup = FALSE;
        map->system_map = 0;
        map->min_offset = min;
        map->max_offset = max;
        map->first_free = &map->header;
        map->root = NULL;
        map->timestamp = 0;
}

void
vm_map_init(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t min, vm_offset_t max)
{
        _vm_map_init(map, min, max);
        lockinit(&map->lock, PVM, "thrd_sleep", 0, LK_NOPAUSE);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_dispose:   [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Inverse of vm_map_entry_create.
 */
static void
vm_map_entry_dispose(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        uma_zfree(map->system_map ? kmapentzone : mapentzone, entry);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_create:    [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Allocates a VM map entry for insertion.
 *      No entry fields are filled in.
 */
static vm_map_entry_t
vm_map_entry_create(vm_map_t map)
{
        vm_map_entry_t new_entry;

        if (map->system_map)
                new_entry = uma_zalloc(kmapentzone, M_NOWAIT);
        else
                new_entry = uma_zalloc(mapentzone, M_WAITOK);
        if (new_entry == NULL)
                panic("vm_map_entry_create: kernel resources exhausted");
        return (new_entry);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_set_behavior:
 *
 *      Set the expected access behavior, either normal, random, or
 *      sequential.
 */
static __inline void
vm_map_entry_set_behavior(vm_map_entry_t entry, u_char behavior)
{
        entry->eflags = (entry->eflags & ~MAP_ENTRY_BEHAV_MASK) |
            (behavior & MAP_ENTRY_BEHAV_MASK);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_splay:
 *
 *      Implements Sleator and Tarjan's top-down splay algorithm.  Returns
 *      the vm_map_entry containing the given address.  If, however, that
 *      address is not found in the vm_map, returns a vm_map_entry that is
 *      adjacent to the address, coming before or after it.
 */
static vm_map_entry_t
vm_map_entry_splay(vm_offset_t address, vm_map_entry_t root)
{
        struct vm_map_entry dummy;
        vm_map_entry_t lefttreemax, righttreemin, y;

        if (root == NULL)
                return (root);
        lefttreemax = righttreemin = &dummy;
        for (;; root = y) {
                if (address < root->start) {
                        if ((y = root->left) == NULL)
                                break;
                        if (address < y->start) {
                                /* Rotate right. */
                                root->left = y->right;
                                y->right = root;
                                root = y;
                                if ((y = root->left) == NULL)
                                        break;
                        }
                        /* Link into the new root's right tree. */
                        righttreemin->left = root;
                        righttreemin = root;
                } else if (address >= root->end) {
                        if ((y = root->right) == NULL)
                                break;
                        if (address >= y->end) {
                                /* Rotate left. */
                                root->right = y->left;
                                y->left = root;
                                root = y;
                                if ((y = root->right) == NULL)
                                        break;
                        }
                        /* Link into the new root's left tree. */
                        lefttreemax->right = root;
                        lefttreemax = root;
                } else
                        break;
        }
        /* Assemble the new root. */
        lefttreemax->right = root->left;
        righttreemin->left = root->right;
        root->left = dummy.right;
        root->right = dummy.left;
        return (root);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_{un,}link:
 *
 *      Insert/remove entries from maps.
 */
static void
vm_map_entry_link(vm_map_t map,
                  vm_map_entry_t after_where,
                  vm_map_entry_t entry)
{

        CTR4(KTR_VM,
            "vm_map_entry_link: map %p, nentries %d, entry %p, after %p", map,
            map->nentries, entry, after_where);
        map->nentries++;
        entry->prev = after_where;
        entry->next = after_where->next;
        entry->next->prev = entry;
        after_where->next = entry;

        if (after_where != &map->header) {
                if (after_where != map->root)
                        vm_map_entry_splay(after_where->start, map->root);
                entry->right = after_where->right;
                entry->left = after_where;
                after_where->right = NULL;
        } else {
                entry->right = map->root;
                entry->left = NULL;
        }
        map->root = entry;
}

static void
vm_map_entry_unlink(vm_map_t map,
                    vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        vm_map_entry_t next, prev, root;

        if (entry != map->root)
                vm_map_entry_splay(entry->start, map->root);
        if (entry->left == NULL)
                root = entry->right;
        else {
                root = vm_map_entry_splay(entry->start, entry->left);
                root->right = entry->right;
        }
        map->root = root;

        prev = entry->prev;
        next = entry->next;
        next->prev = prev;
        prev->next = next;
        map->nentries--;
        CTR3(KTR_VM, "vm_map_entry_unlink: map %p, nentries %d, entry %p", map,
            map->nentries, entry);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_lookup_entry:    [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Finds the map entry containing (or
 *      immediately preceding) the specified address
 *      in the given map; the entry is returned
 *      in the "entry" parameter.  The boolean
 *      result indicates whether the address is
 *      actually contained in the map.
 */
boolean_t
vm_map_lookup_entry(
        vm_map_t map,
        vm_offset_t address,
        vm_map_entry_t *entry)  /* OUT */
{
        vm_map_entry_t cur;

        cur = vm_map_entry_splay(address, map->root);
        if (cur == NULL)
                *entry = &map->header;
        else {
                map->root = cur;

                if (address >= cur->start) {
                        *entry = cur;
                        if (cur->end > address)
                                return (TRUE);
                } else
                        *entry = cur->prev;
        }
        return (FALSE);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_insert:
 *
 *      Inserts the given whole VM object into the target
 *      map at the specified address range.  The object's
 *      size should match that of the address range.
 *
 *      Requires that the map be locked, and leaves it so.
 *
 *      If object is non-NULL, ref count must be bumped by caller
 *      prior to making call to account for the new entry.
 */
int
vm_map_insert(vm_map_t map, vm_object_t object, vm_ooffset_t offset,
              vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end, vm_prot_t prot, vm_prot_t max,
              int cow)
{
        vm_map_entry_t new_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t prev_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t temp_entry;
        vm_eflags_t protoeflags;

        /*
         * Check that the start and end points are not bogus.
         */
        if ((start < map->min_offset) || (end > map->max_offset) ||
            (start >= end))
                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);

        /*
         * Find the entry prior to the proposed starting address; if it's part
         * of an existing entry, this range is bogus.
         */
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &temp_entry))
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);

        prev_entry = temp_entry;

        /*
         * Assert that the next entry doesn't overlap the end point.
         */
        if ((prev_entry->next != &map->header) &&
            (prev_entry->next->start < end))
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);

        protoeflags = 0;

        if (cow & MAP_COPY_ON_WRITE)
                protoeflags |= MAP_ENTRY_COW|MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY;

        if (cow & MAP_NOFAULT) {
                protoeflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NOFAULT;

                KASSERT(object == NULL,
                        ("vm_map_insert: paradoxical MAP_NOFAULT request"));
        }
        if (cow & MAP_DISABLE_SYNCER)
                protoeflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NOSYNC;
        if (cow & MAP_DISABLE_COREDUMP)
                protoeflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NOCOREDUMP;

        if (object) {
                /*
                 * When object is non-NULL, it could be shared with another
                 * process.  We have to set or clear OBJ_ONEMAPPING 
                 * appropriately.
                 */
                vm_object_lock(object);
                if ((object->ref_count > 1) || (object->shadow_count != 0)) {
                        vm_object_clear_flag(object, OBJ_ONEMAPPING);
                }
                vm_object_unlock(object);
        }
        else if ((prev_entry != &map->header) &&
                 (prev_entry->eflags == protoeflags) &&
                 (prev_entry->end == start) &&
                 (prev_entry->wired_count == 0) &&
                 ((prev_entry->object.vm_object == NULL) ||
                  vm_object_coalesce(prev_entry->object.vm_object,
                                     OFF_TO_IDX(prev_entry->offset),
                                     (vm_size_t)(prev_entry->end - prev_entry->start),
                                     (vm_size_t)(end - prev_entry->end)))) {
                /*
                 * We were able to extend the object.  Determine if we
                 * can extend the previous map entry to include the 
                 * new range as well.
                 */
                if ((prev_entry->inheritance == VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT) &&
                    (prev_entry->protection == prot) &&
                    (prev_entry->max_protection == max)) {
                        map->size += (end - prev_entry->end);
                        prev_entry->end = end;
                        vm_map_simplify_entry(map, prev_entry);
                        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
                }

                /*
                 * If we can extend the object but cannot extend the
                 * map entry, we have to create a new map entry.  We
                 * must bump the ref count on the extended object to
                 * account for it.  object may be NULL.
                 */
                object = prev_entry->object.vm_object;
                offset = prev_entry->offset +
                        (prev_entry->end - prev_entry->start);
                vm_object_reference(object);
        }

        /*
         * NOTE: if conditionals fail, object can be NULL here.  This occurs
         * in things like the buffer map where we manage kva but do not manage
         * backing objects.
         */

        /*
         * Create a new entry
         */
        new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map);
        new_entry->start = start;
        new_entry->end = end;

        new_entry->eflags = protoeflags;
        new_entry->object.vm_object = object;
        new_entry->offset = offset;
        new_entry->avail_ssize = 0;

        new_entry->inheritance = VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT;
        new_entry->protection = prot;
        new_entry->max_protection = max;
        new_entry->wired_count = 0;

        /*
         * Insert the new entry into the list
         */
        vm_map_entry_link(map, prev_entry, new_entry);
        map->size += new_entry->end - new_entry->start;

        /*
         * Update the free space hint
         */
        if ((map->first_free == prev_entry) &&
            (prev_entry->end >= new_entry->start)) {
                map->first_free = new_entry;
        }

#if 0
        /*
         * Temporarily removed to avoid MAP_STACK panic, due to
         * MAP_STACK being a huge hack.  Will be added back in
         * when MAP_STACK (and the user stack mapping) is fixed.
         */
        /*
         * It may be possible to simplify the entry
         */
        vm_map_simplify_entry(map, new_entry);
#endif

        if (cow & (MAP_PREFAULT|MAP_PREFAULT_PARTIAL)) {
                mtx_lock(&Giant);
                pmap_object_init_pt(map->pmap, start,
                                    object, OFF_TO_IDX(offset), end - start,
                                    cow & MAP_PREFAULT_PARTIAL);
                mtx_unlock(&Giant);
        }

        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 * Find sufficient space for `length' bytes in the given map, starting at
 * `start'.  The map must be locked.  Returns 0 on success, 1 on no space.
 */
int
vm_map_findspace(
        vm_map_t map,
        vm_offset_t start,
        vm_size_t length,
        vm_offset_t *addr)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry, next;
        vm_offset_t end;

        if (start < map->min_offset)
                start = map->min_offset;
        if (start > map->max_offset)
                return (1);

        /*
         * Look for the first possible address; if there's already something
         * at this address, we have to start after it.
         */
        if (start == map->min_offset) {
                if ((entry = map->first_free) != &map->header)
                        start = entry->end;
        } else {
                vm_map_entry_t tmp;

                if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp))
                        start = tmp->end;
                entry = tmp;
        }

        /*
         * Look through the rest of the map, trying to fit a new region in the
         * gap between existing regions, or after the very last region.
         */
        for (;; start = (entry = next)->end) {
                /*
                 * Find the end of the proposed new region.  Be sure we didn't
                 * go beyond the end of the map, or wrap around the address;
                 * if so, we lose.  Otherwise, if this is the last entry, or
                 * if the proposed new region fits before the next entry, we
                 * win.
                 */
                end = start + length;
                if (end > map->max_offset || end < start)
                        return (1);
                next = entry->next;
                if (next == &map->header || next->start >= end)
                        break;
        }
        *addr = start;
        if (map == kernel_map) {
                vm_offset_t ksize;
                if ((ksize = round_page(start + length)) > kernel_vm_end) {
                        mtx_lock(&Giant);
                        pmap_growkernel(ksize);
                        mtx_unlock(&Giant);
                }
        }
        return (0);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_find finds an unallocated region in the target address
 *      map with the given length.  The search is defined to be
 *      first-fit from the specified address; the region found is
 *      returned in the same parameter.
 *
 *      If object is non-NULL, ref count must be bumped by caller
 *      prior to making call to account for the new entry.
 */
int
vm_map_find(vm_map_t map, vm_object_t object, vm_ooffset_t offset,
            vm_offset_t *addr,  /* IN/OUT */
            vm_size_t length, boolean_t find_space, vm_prot_t prot,
            vm_prot_t max, int cow)
{
        vm_offset_t start;
        int result, s = 0;

        start = *addr;

        if (map == kmem_map)
                s = splvm();

        vm_map_lock(map);
        if (find_space) {
                if (vm_map_findspace(map, start, length, addr)) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        if (map == kmem_map)
                                splx(s);
                        return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
                }
                start = *addr;
        }
        result = vm_map_insert(map, object, offset,
                start, start + length, prot, max, cow);
        vm_map_unlock(map);

        if (map == kmem_map)
                splx(s);

        return (result);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_simplify_entry:
 *
 *      Simplify the given map entry by merging with either neighbor.  This
 *      routine also has the ability to merge with both neighbors.
 *
 *      The map must be locked.
 *
 *      This routine guarentees that the passed entry remains valid (though
 *      possibly extended).  When merging, this routine may delete one or
 *      both neighbors.
 */
void
vm_map_simplify_entry(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        vm_map_entry_t next, prev;
        vm_size_t prevsize, esize;

        if (entry->eflags & (MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION | MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP))
                return;

        prev = entry->prev;
        if (prev != &map->header) {
                prevsize = prev->end - prev->start;
                if ( (prev->end == entry->start) &&
                     (prev->object.vm_object == entry->object.vm_object) &&
                     (!prev->object.vm_object ||
                        (prev->offset + prevsize == entry->offset)) &&
                     (prev->eflags == entry->eflags) &&
                     (prev->protection == entry->protection) &&
                     (prev->max_protection == entry->max_protection) &&
                     (prev->inheritance == entry->inheritance) &&
                     (prev->wired_count == entry->wired_count)) {
                        if (map->first_free == prev)
                                map->first_free = entry;
                        vm_map_entry_unlink(map, prev);
                        entry->start = prev->start;
                        entry->offset = prev->offset;
                        if (prev->object.vm_object)
                                vm_object_deallocate(prev->object.vm_object);
                        vm_map_entry_dispose(map, prev);
                }
        }

        next = entry->next;
        if (next != &map->header) {
                esize = entry->end - entry->start;
                if ((entry->end == next->start) &&
                    (next->object.vm_object == entry->object.vm_object) &&
                     (!entry->object.vm_object ||
                        (entry->offset + esize == next->offset)) &&
                    (next->eflags == entry->eflags) &&
                    (next->protection == entry->protection) &&
                    (next->max_protection == entry->max_protection) &&
                    (next->inheritance == entry->inheritance) &&
                    (next->wired_count == entry->wired_count)) {
                        if (map->first_free == next)
                                map->first_free = entry;
                        vm_map_entry_unlink(map, next);
                        entry->end = next->end;
                        if (next->object.vm_object)
                                vm_object_deallocate(next->object.vm_object);
                        vm_map_entry_dispose(map, next);
                }
        }
}
/*
 *      vm_map_clip_start:      [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Asserts that the given entry begins at or after
 *      the specified address; if necessary,
 *      it splits the entry into two.
 */
#define vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, startaddr) \
{ \
        if (startaddr > entry->start) \
                _vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, startaddr); \
}

/*
 *      This routine is called only when it is known that
 *      the entry must be split.
 */
static void
_vm_map_clip_start(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry, vm_offset_t start)
{
        vm_map_entry_t new_entry;

        /*
         * Split off the front portion -- note that we must insert the new
         * entry BEFORE this one, so that this entry has the specified
         * starting address.
         */
        vm_map_simplify_entry(map, entry);

        /*
         * If there is no object backing this entry, we might as well create
         * one now.  If we defer it, an object can get created after the map
         * is clipped, and individual objects will be created for the split-up
         * map.  This is a bit of a hack, but is also about the best place to
         * put this improvement.
         */
        if (entry->object.vm_object == NULL && !map->system_map) {
                vm_object_t object;
                object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_DEFAULT,
                                atop(entry->end - entry->start));
                entry->object.vm_object = object;
                entry->offset = 0;
        }

        new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map);
        *new_entry = *entry;

        new_entry->end = start;
        entry->offset += (start - entry->start);
        entry->start = start;

        vm_map_entry_link(map, entry->prev, new_entry);

        if ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) == 0) {
                vm_object_reference(new_entry->object.vm_object);
        }
}

/*
 *      vm_map_clip_end:        [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Asserts that the given entry ends at or before
 *      the specified address; if necessary,
 *      it splits the entry into two.
 */
#define vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, endaddr) \
{ \
        if (endaddr < entry->end) \
                _vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, endaddr); \
}

/*
 *      This routine is called only when it is known that
 *      the entry must be split.
 */
static void
_vm_map_clip_end(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry, vm_offset_t end)
{
        vm_map_entry_t new_entry;

        /*
         * If there is no object backing this entry, we might as well create
         * one now.  If we defer it, an object can get created after the map
         * is clipped, and individual objects will be created for the split-up
         * map.  This is a bit of a hack, but is also about the best place to
         * put this improvement.
         */
        if (entry->object.vm_object == NULL && !map->system_map) {
                vm_object_t object;
                object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_DEFAULT,
                                atop(entry->end - entry->start));
                entry->object.vm_object = object;
                entry->offset = 0;
        }

        /*
         * Create a new entry and insert it AFTER the specified entry
         */
        new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(map);
        *new_entry = *entry;

        new_entry->start = entry->end = end;
        new_entry->offset += (end - entry->start);

        vm_map_entry_link(map, entry, new_entry);

        if ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) == 0) {
                vm_object_reference(new_entry->object.vm_object);
        }
}

/*
 *      VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK:     [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Asserts that the starting and ending region
 *      addresses fall within the valid range of the map.
 */
#define VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end)             \
                {                                       \
                if (start < vm_map_min(map))            \
                        start = vm_map_min(map);        \
                if (end > vm_map_max(map))              \
                        end = vm_map_max(map);          \
                if (start > end)                        \
                        start = end;                    \
                }

/*
 *      vm_map_submap:          [ kernel use only ]
 *
 *      Mark the given range as handled by a subordinate map.
 *
 *      This range must have been created with vm_map_find,
 *      and no other operations may have been performed on this
 *      range prior to calling vm_map_submap.
 *
 *      Only a limited number of operations can be performed
 *      within this rage after calling vm_map_submap:
 *              vm_fault
 *      [Don't try vm_map_copy!]
 *
 *      To remove a submapping, one must first remove the
 *      range from the superior map, and then destroy the
 *      submap (if desired).  [Better yet, don't try it.]
 */
int
vm_map_submap(
        vm_map_t map,
        vm_offset_t start,
        vm_offset_t end,
        vm_map_t submap)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        int result = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;

        vm_map_lock(map);

        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);

        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        } else
                entry = entry->next;

        vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);

        if ((entry->start == start) && (entry->end == end) &&
            ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_COW) == 0) &&
            (entry->object.vm_object == NULL)) {
                entry->object.sub_map = submap;
                entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP;
                result = KERN_SUCCESS;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);

        return (result);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_protect:
 *
 *      Sets the protection of the specified address
 *      region in the target map.  If "set_max" is
 *      specified, the maximum protection is to be set;
 *      otherwise, only the current protection is affected.
 */
int
vm_map_protect(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
               vm_prot_t new_prot, boolean_t set_max)
{
        vm_map_entry_t current;
        vm_map_entry_t entry;

        vm_map_lock(map);

        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);

        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        } else {
                entry = entry->next;
        }

        /*
         * Make a first pass to check for protection violations.
         */
        current = entry;
        while ((current != &map->header) && (current->start < end)) {
                if (current->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        return (KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                }
                if ((new_prot & current->max_protection) != new_prot) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        return (KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
                }
                current = current->next;
        }

        /*
         * Go back and fix up protections. [Note that clipping is not
         * necessary the second time.]
         */
        current = entry;
        while ((current != &map->header) && (current->start < end)) {
                vm_prot_t old_prot;

                vm_map_clip_end(map, current, end);

                old_prot = current->protection;
                if (set_max)
                        current->protection =
                            (current->max_protection = new_prot) &
                            old_prot;
                else
                        current->protection = new_prot;

                /*
                 * Update physical map if necessary. Worry about copy-on-write
                 * here -- CHECK THIS XXX
                 */
                if (current->protection != old_prot) {
                        mtx_lock(&Giant);
#define MASK(entry)     (((entry)->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_COW) ? ~VM_PROT_WRITE : \
                                                        VM_PROT_ALL)
                        pmap_protect(map->pmap, current->start,
                            current->end,
                            current->protection & MASK(current));
#undef  MASK
                        mtx_unlock(&Giant);
                }
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, current);
                current = current->next;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);
        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_madvise:
 *
 *      This routine traverses a processes map handling the madvise
 *      system call.  Advisories are classified as either those effecting
 *      the vm_map_entry structure, or those effecting the underlying 
 *      objects.
 */
int
vm_map_madvise(
        vm_map_t map,
        vm_offset_t start, 
        vm_offset_t end,
        int behav)
{
        vm_map_entry_t current, entry;
        int modify_map = 0;

        /*
         * Some madvise calls directly modify the vm_map_entry, in which case
         * we need to use an exclusive lock on the map and we need to perform 
         * various clipping operations.  Otherwise we only need a read-lock
         * on the map.
         */
        switch(behav) {
        case MADV_NORMAL:
        case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
        case MADV_RANDOM:
        case MADV_NOSYNC:
        case MADV_AUTOSYNC:
        case MADV_NOCORE:
        case MADV_CORE:
                modify_map = 1;
                vm_map_lock(map);
                break;
        case MADV_WILLNEED:
        case MADV_DONTNEED:
        case MADV_FREE:
                vm_map_lock_read(map);
                break;
        default:
                return (KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }

        /*
         * Locate starting entry and clip if necessary.
         */
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);

        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                if (modify_map)
                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        } else {
                entry = entry->next;
        }

        if (modify_map) {
                /*
                 * madvise behaviors that are implemented in the vm_map_entry.
                 *
                 * We clip the vm_map_entry so that behavioral changes are
                 * limited to the specified address range.
                 */
                for (current = entry;
                     (current != &map->header) && (current->start < end);
                     current = current->next
                ) {
                        if (current->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP)
                                continue;

                        vm_map_clip_end(map, current, end);

                        switch (behav) {
                        case MADV_NORMAL:
                                vm_map_entry_set_behavior(current, MAP_ENTRY_BEHAV_NORMAL);
                                break;
                        case MADV_SEQUENTIAL:
                                vm_map_entry_set_behavior(current, MAP_ENTRY_BEHAV_SEQUENTIAL);
                                break;
                        case MADV_RANDOM:
                                vm_map_entry_set_behavior(current, MAP_ENTRY_BEHAV_RANDOM);
                                break;
                        case MADV_NOSYNC:
                                current->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NOSYNC;
                                break;
                        case MADV_AUTOSYNC:
                                current->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NOSYNC;
                                break;
                        case MADV_NOCORE:
                                current->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NOCOREDUMP;
                                break;
                        case MADV_CORE:
                                current->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NOCOREDUMP;
                                break;
                        default:
                                break;
                        }
                        vm_map_simplify_entry(map, current);
                }
                vm_map_unlock(map);
        } else {
                vm_pindex_t pindex;
                int count;

                /*
                 * madvise behaviors that are implemented in the underlying
                 * vm_object.
                 *
                 * Since we don't clip the vm_map_entry, we have to clip
                 * the vm_object pindex and count.
                 */
                for (current = entry;
                     (current != &map->header) && (current->start < end);
                     current = current->next
                ) {
                        vm_offset_t useStart;

                        if (current->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP)
                                continue;

                        pindex = OFF_TO_IDX(current->offset);
                        count = atop(current->end - current->start);
                        useStart = current->start;

                        if (current->start < start) {
                                pindex += atop(start - current->start);
                                count -= atop(start - current->start);
                                useStart = start;
                        }
                        if (current->end > end)
                                count -= atop(current->end - end);

                        if (count <= 0)
                                continue;

                        vm_object_madvise(current->object.vm_object,
                                          pindex, count, behav);
                        if (behav == MADV_WILLNEED) {
                                mtx_lock(&Giant);
                                pmap_object_init_pt(
                                    map->pmap, 
                                    useStart,
                                    current->object.vm_object,
                                    pindex, 
                                    (count << PAGE_SHIFT),
                                    MAP_PREFAULT_MADVISE
                                );
                                mtx_unlock(&Giant);
                        }
                }
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
        }
        return (0);
}       


/*
 *      vm_map_inherit:
 *
 *      Sets the inheritance of the specified address
 *      range in the target map.  Inheritance
 *      affects how the map will be shared with
 *      child maps at the time of vm_map_fork.
 */
int
vm_map_inherit(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
               vm_inherit_t new_inheritance)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_map_entry_t temp_entry;

        switch (new_inheritance) {
        case VM_INHERIT_NONE:
        case VM_INHERIT_COPY:
        case VM_INHERIT_SHARE:
                break;
        default:
                return (KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        }
        vm_map_lock(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &temp_entry)) {
                entry = temp_entry;
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        } else
                entry = temp_entry->next;
        while ((entry != &map->header) && (entry->start < end)) {
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
                entry->inheritance = new_inheritance;
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, entry);
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);
        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_unwire:
 *
 *      Implements both kernel and user unwiring.
 */
int
vm_map_unwire(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
        boolean_t user_unwire)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry, first_entry, tmp_entry;
        vm_offset_t saved_start;
        unsigned int last_timestamp;
        int rv;
        boolean_t need_wakeup, result;

        vm_map_lock(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
        }
        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
        entry = first_entry;
        while (entry != &map->header && entry->start < end) {
                if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION) {
                        /*
                         * We have not yet clipped the entry.
                         */
                        saved_start = (start >= entry->start) ? start :
                            entry->start;
                        entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP;
                        if (vm_map_unlock_and_wait(map, user_unwire)) {
                                /*
                                 * Allow interruption of user unwiring?
                                 */
                        }
                        vm_map_lock(map);
                        if (last_timestamp+1 != map->timestamp) {
                                /*
                                 * Look again for the entry because the map was
                                 * modified while it was unlocked.
                                 * Specifically, the entry may have been
                                 * clipped, merged, or deleted.
                                 */
                                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, saved_start,
                                    &tmp_entry)) {
                                        if (saved_start == start) {
                                                /*
                                                 * First_entry has been deleted.
                                                 */
                                                vm_map_unlock(map);
                                                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                                        }
                                        end = saved_start;
                                        rv = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                                        goto done;
                                }
                                if (entry == first_entry)
                                        first_entry = tmp_entry;
                                else
                                        first_entry = NULL;
                                entry = tmp_entry;
                        }
                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        continue;
                }
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
                /*
                 * Mark the entry in case the map lock is released.  (See
                 * above.)
                 */
                entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION;
                /*
                 * Check the map for holes in the specified region.
                 */
                if (entry->end < end && (entry->next == &map->header ||
                    entry->next->start > entry->end)) {
                        end = entry->end;
                        rv = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        goto done;
                }
                /*
                 * Require that the entry is wired.
                 */
                if (entry->wired_count == 0 || (user_unwire &&
                    (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED) == 0)) {
                        end = entry->end;
                        rv = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                        goto done;
                }
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        rv = KERN_SUCCESS;
done:
        need_wakeup = FALSE;
        if (first_entry == NULL) {
                result = vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry);
                KASSERT(result, ("vm_map_unwire: lookup failed"));
        }
        entry = first_entry;
        while (entry != &map->header && entry->start < end) {
                if (rv == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        if (user_unwire)
                                entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED;
                        entry->wired_count--;
                        if (entry->wired_count == 0) {
                                /*
                                 * Retain the map lock.
                                 */
                                vm_fault_unwire(map, entry->start, entry->end);
                        }
                }
                KASSERT(entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION,
                        ("vm_map_unwire: in-transition flag missing"));
                entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION;
                if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP) {
                        entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP;
                        need_wakeup = TRUE;
                }
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, entry);
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);
        if (need_wakeup)
                vm_map_wakeup(map);
        return (rv);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_wire:
 *
 *      Implements both kernel and user wiring.
 */
int
vm_map_wire(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
        boolean_t user_wire)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry, first_entry, tmp_entry;
        vm_offset_t saved_end, saved_start;
        unsigned int last_timestamp;
        int rv;
        boolean_t need_wakeup, result;

        vm_map_lock(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
        }
        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
        entry = first_entry;
        while (entry != &map->header && entry->start < end) {
                if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION) {
                        /*
                         * We have not yet clipped the entry.
                         */
                        saved_start = (start >= entry->start) ? start :
                            entry->start;
                        entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP;
                        if (vm_map_unlock_and_wait(map, user_wire)) {
                                /*
                                 * Allow interruption of user wiring?
                                 */
                        }
                        vm_map_lock(map);
                        if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                /*
                                 * Look again for the entry because the map was
                                 * modified while it was unlocked.
                                 * Specifically, the entry may have been
                                 * clipped, merged, or deleted.
                                 */
                                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, saved_start,
                                    &tmp_entry)) {
                                        if (saved_start == start) {
                                                /*
                                                 * first_entry has been deleted.
                                                 */
                                                vm_map_unlock(map);
                                                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                                        }
                                        end = saved_start;
                                        rv = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                                        goto done;
                                }
                                if (entry == first_entry)
                                        first_entry = tmp_entry;
                                else
                                        first_entry = NULL;
                                entry = tmp_entry;
                        }
                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        continue;
                }
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);
                /*
                 * Mark the entry in case the map lock is released.  (See
                 * above.)
                 */
                entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION;
                /*
                 *
                 */
                if (entry->wired_count == 0) {
                        entry->wired_count++;
                        saved_start = entry->start;
                        saved_end = entry->end;
                        /*
                         * Release the map lock, relying on the in-transition
                         * mark.
                         */
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        rv = vm_fault_wire(map, saved_start, saved_end,
                            user_wire);
                        vm_map_lock(map);
                        if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                /*
                                 * Look again for the entry because the map was
                                 * modified while it was unlocked.  The entry
                                 * may have been clipped, but NOT merged or
                                 * deleted.
                                 */
                                result = vm_map_lookup_entry(map, saved_start,
                                    &tmp_entry);
                                KASSERT(result, ("vm_map_wire: lookup failed"));
                                if (entry == first_entry)
                                        first_entry = tmp_entry;
                                else
                                        first_entry = NULL;
                                entry = tmp_entry;
                                while (entry->end < saved_end) {
                                        if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                                KASSERT(entry->wired_count == 1,
                                                    ("vm_map_wire: bad count"));
                                                entry->wired_count = -1;
                                        }
                                        entry = entry->next;
                                }
                        }
                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                KASSERT(entry->wired_count == 1,
                                    ("vm_map_wire: bad count"));
                                /*
                                 * Assign an out-of-range value to represent
                                 * the failure to wire this entry.
                                 */
                                entry->wired_count = -1;
                                end = entry->end;
                                goto done;
                        }
                } else if (!user_wire ||
                           (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED) == 0) {
                        entry->wired_count++;
                }
                /*
                 * Check the map for holes in the specified region.
                 */
                if (entry->end < end && (entry->next == &map->header ||
                    entry->next->start > entry->end)) {
                        end = entry->end;
                        rv = KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
                        goto done;
                }
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        rv = KERN_SUCCESS;
done:
        need_wakeup = FALSE;
        if (first_entry == NULL) {
                result = vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry);
                KASSERT(result, ("vm_map_wire: lookup failed"));
        }
        entry = first_entry;
        while (entry != &map->header && entry->start < end) {
                if (rv == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        if (user_wire)
                                entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED;
                } else if (entry->wired_count == -1) {
                        /*
                         * Wiring failed on this entry.  Thus, unwiring is
                         * unnecessary.
                         */
                        entry->wired_count = 0;
                } else {
                        if (!user_wire || (entry->wired_count == 1 &&
                            (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED) == 0))
                                entry->wired_count--;
                        if (entry->wired_count == 0) {
                                /*
                                 * Retain the map lock.
                                 */
                                vm_fault_unwire(map, entry->start, entry->end);
                        }
                }
                KASSERT(entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION,
                        ("vm_map_wire: in-transition flag missing"));
                entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION;
                if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP) {
                        entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP;
                        need_wakeup = TRUE;
                }
                vm_map_simplify_entry(map, entry);
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        vm_map_unlock(map);
        if (need_wakeup)
                vm_map_wakeup(map);
        return (rv);
}

/*
 * vm_map_clean
 *
 * Push any dirty cached pages in the address range to their pager.
 * If syncio is TRUE, dirty pages are written synchronously.
 * If invalidate is TRUE, any cached pages are freed as well.
 *
 * Returns an error if any part of the specified range is not mapped.
 */
int
vm_map_clean(
        vm_map_t map,
        vm_offset_t start,
        vm_offset_t end,
        boolean_t syncio,
        boolean_t invalidate)
{
        vm_map_entry_t current;
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_size_t size;
        vm_object_t object;
        vm_ooffset_t offset;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;

        vm_map_lock_read(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
        }
        /*
         * Make a first pass to check for holes.
         */
        for (current = entry; current->start < end; current = current->next) {
                if (current->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                        return (KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                }
                if (end > current->end &&
                    (current->next == &map->header ||
                        current->end != current->next->start)) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                        return (KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);
                }
        }

        if (invalidate)
                pmap_remove(vm_map_pmap(map), start, end);
        /*
         * Make a second pass, cleaning/uncaching pages from the indicated
         * objects as we go.
         */
        for (current = entry; current->start < end; current = current->next) {
                offset = current->offset + (start - current->start);
                size = (end <= current->end ? end : current->end) - start;
                if (current->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) {
                        vm_map_t smap;
                        vm_map_entry_t tentry;
                        vm_size_t tsize;

                        smap = current->object.sub_map;
                        vm_map_lock_read(smap);
                        (void) vm_map_lookup_entry(smap, offset, &tentry);
                        tsize = tentry->end - offset;
                        if (tsize < size)
                                size = tsize;
                        object = tentry->object.vm_object;
                        offset = tentry->offset + (offset - tentry->start);
                        vm_map_unlock_read(smap);
                } else {
                        object = current->object.vm_object;
                }
                /*
                 * Note that there is absolutely no sense in writing out
                 * anonymous objects, so we track down the vnode object
                 * to write out.
                 * We invalidate (remove) all pages from the address space
                 * anyway, for semantic correctness.
                 *
                 * note: certain anonymous maps, such as MAP_NOSYNC maps,
                 * may start out with a NULL object.
                 */
                while (object && object->backing_object) {
                        object = object->backing_object;
                        offset += object->backing_object_offset;
                        if (object->size < OFF_TO_IDX(offset + size))
                                size = IDX_TO_OFF(object->size) - offset;
                }
                if (object && (object->type == OBJT_VNODE) && 
                    (current->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        /*
                         * Flush pages if writing is allowed, invalidate them
                         * if invalidation requested.  Pages undergoing I/O
                         * will be ignored by vm_object_page_remove().
                         *
                         * We cannot lock the vnode and then wait for paging
                         * to complete without deadlocking against vm_fault.
                         * Instead we simply call vm_object_page_remove() and
                         * allow it to block internally on a page-by-page 
                         * basis when it encounters pages undergoing async 
                         * I/O.
                         */
                        int flags;

                        vm_object_reference(object);
                        vn_lock(object->handle, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY, curthread);
                        flags = (syncio || invalidate) ? OBJPC_SYNC : 0;
                        flags |= invalidate ? OBJPC_INVAL : 0;
                        vm_object_page_clean(object,
                            OFF_TO_IDX(offset),
                            OFF_TO_IDX(offset + size + PAGE_MASK),
                            flags);
                        if (invalidate) {
                                /*vm_object_pip_wait(object, "objmcl");*/
                                vm_object_page_remove(object,
                                    OFF_TO_IDX(offset),
                                    OFF_TO_IDX(offset + size + PAGE_MASK),
                                    FALSE);
                        }
                        VOP_UNLOCK(object->handle, 0, curthread);
                        vm_object_deallocate(object);
                }
                start += size;
        }

        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_unwire:    [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Make the region specified by this entry pageable.
 *
 *      The map in question should be locked.
 *      [This is the reason for this routine's existence.]
 */
static void 
vm_map_entry_unwire(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        vm_fault_unwire(map, entry->start, entry->end);
        entry->wired_count = 0;
}

/*
 *      vm_map_entry_delete:    [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Deallocate the given entry from the target map.
 */
static void
vm_map_entry_delete(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        vm_map_entry_unlink(map, entry);
        map->size -= entry->end - entry->start;

        if ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) == 0) {
                vm_object_deallocate(entry->object.vm_object);
        }

        vm_map_entry_dispose(map, entry);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_delete:  [ internal use only ]
 *
 *      Deallocates the given address range from the target
 *      map.
 */
int
vm_map_delete(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end)
{
        vm_object_t object;
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_map_entry_t first_entry;

        /*
         * Find the start of the region, and clip it
         */
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &first_entry))
                entry = first_entry->next;
        else {
                entry = first_entry;
                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, start);
        }

        /*
         * Save the free space hint
         */
        if (entry == &map->header) {
                map->first_free = &map->header;
        } else if (map->first_free->start >= start) {
                map->first_free = entry->prev;
        }

        /*
         * Step through all entries in this region
         */
        while ((entry != &map->header) && (entry->start < end)) {
                vm_map_entry_t next;
                vm_offset_t s, e;
                vm_pindex_t offidxstart, offidxend, count;

                /*
                 * Wait for wiring or unwiring of an entry to complete.
                 */
                if ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IN_TRANSITION) != 0) {
                        unsigned int last_timestamp;
                        vm_offset_t saved_start;
                        vm_map_entry_t tmp_entry;

                        saved_start = entry->start;
                        entry->eflags |= MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_WAKEUP;
                        last_timestamp = map->timestamp;
                        (void) vm_map_unlock_and_wait(map, FALSE);
                        vm_map_lock(map);
                        if (last_timestamp + 1 != map->timestamp) {
                                /*
                                 * Look again for the entry because the map was
                                 * modified while it was unlocked.
                                 * Specifically, the entry may have been
                                 * clipped, merged, or deleted.
                                 */
                                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, saved_start,
                                                         &tmp_entry))
                                        entry = tmp_entry->next;
                                else {
                                        entry = tmp_entry;
                                        vm_map_clip_start(map, entry,
                                                          saved_start);
                                }
                        }
                        continue;
                }
                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, end);

                s = entry->start;
                e = entry->end;
                next = entry->next;

                offidxstart = OFF_TO_IDX(entry->offset);
                count = OFF_TO_IDX(e - s);
                object = entry->object.vm_object;

                /*
                 * Unwire before removing addresses from the pmap; otherwise,
                 * unwiring will put the entries back in the pmap.
                 */
                if (entry->wired_count != 0) {
                        vm_map_entry_unwire(map, entry);
                }

                offidxend = offidxstart + count;

                if ((object == kernel_object) || (object == kmem_object)) {
                        vm_object_page_remove(object, offidxstart, offidxend, FALSE);
                } else {
                        mtx_lock(&Giant);
                        pmap_remove(map->pmap, s, e);
                        if (object != NULL &&
                            object->ref_count != 1 &&
                            (object->flags & (OBJ_NOSPLIT|OBJ_ONEMAPPING)) == OBJ_ONEMAPPING &&
                            (object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT || object->type == OBJT_SWAP)) {
                                vm_object_collapse(object);
                                vm_object_page_remove(object, offidxstart, offidxend, FALSE);
                                if (object->type == OBJT_SWAP) {
                                        swap_pager_freespace(object, offidxstart, count);
                                }
                                if (offidxend >= object->size &&
                                    offidxstart < object->size) {
                                        object->size = offidxstart;
                                }
                        }
                        mtx_unlock(&Giant);
                }

                /*
                 * Delete the entry (which may delete the object) only after
                 * removing all pmap entries pointing to its pages.
                 * (Otherwise, its page frames may be reallocated, and any
                 * modify bits will be set in the wrong object!)
                 */
                vm_map_entry_delete(map, entry);
                entry = next;
        }
        return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_remove:
 *
 *      Remove the given address range from the target map.
 *      This is the exported form of vm_map_delete.
 */
int
vm_map_remove(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end)
{
        int result, s = 0;

        if (map == kmem_map)
                s = splvm();

        vm_map_lock(map);
        VM_MAP_RANGE_CHECK(map, start, end);
        result = vm_map_delete(map, start, end);
        vm_map_unlock(map);

        if (map == kmem_map)
                splx(s);

        return (result);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_check_protection:
 *
 *      Assert that the target map allows the specified
 *      privilege on the entire address region given.
 *      The entire region must be allocated.
 */
boolean_t
vm_map_check_protection(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t start, vm_offset_t end,
                        vm_prot_t protection)
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_map_entry_t tmp_entry;

        vm_map_lock_read(map);
        if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &tmp_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (FALSE);
        }
        entry = tmp_entry;

        while (start < end) {
                if (entry == &map->header) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                        return (FALSE);
                }
                /*
                 * No holes allowed!
                 */
                if (start < entry->start) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                        return (FALSE);
                }
                /*
                 * Check protection associated with entry.
                 */
                if ((entry->protection & protection) != protection) {
                        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                        return (FALSE);
                }
                /* go to next entry */
                start = entry->end;
                entry = entry->next;
        }
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
        return (TRUE);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_copy_entry:
 *
 *      Copies the contents of the source entry to the destination
 *      entry.  The entries *must* be aligned properly.
 */
static void
vm_map_copy_entry(
        vm_map_t src_map,
        vm_map_t dst_map,
        vm_map_entry_t src_entry, 
        vm_map_entry_t dst_entry)
{
        vm_object_t src_object;

        if ((dst_entry->eflags|src_entry->eflags) & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP)
                return;

        if (src_entry->wired_count == 0) {

                /*
                 * If the source entry is marked needs_copy, it is already
                 * write-protected.
                 */
                if ((src_entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY) == 0) {
                        pmap_protect(src_map->pmap,
                            src_entry->start,
                            src_entry->end,
                            src_entry->protection & ~VM_PROT_WRITE);
                }

                /*
                 * Make a copy of the object.
                 */
                if ((src_object = src_entry->object.vm_object) != NULL) {

                        if ((src_object->handle == NULL) &&
                                (src_object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT ||
                                 src_object->type == OBJT_SWAP)) {
                                vm_object_collapse(src_object);
                                if ((src_object->flags & (OBJ_NOSPLIT|OBJ_ONEMAPPING)) == OBJ_ONEMAPPING) {
                                        vm_object_split(src_entry);
                                        src_object = src_entry->object.vm_object;
                                }
                        }

                        vm_object_reference(src_object);
                        vm_object_clear_flag(src_object, OBJ_ONEMAPPING);
                        dst_entry->object.vm_object = src_object;
                        src_entry->eflags |= (MAP_ENTRY_COW|MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY);
                        dst_entry->eflags |= (MAP_ENTRY_COW|MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY);
                        dst_entry->offset = src_entry->offset;
                } else {
                        dst_entry->object.vm_object = NULL;
                        dst_entry->offset = 0;
                }

                pmap_copy(dst_map->pmap, src_map->pmap, dst_entry->start,
                    dst_entry->end - dst_entry->start, src_entry->start);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Of course, wired down pages can't be set copy-on-write.
                 * Cause wired pages to be copied into the new map by
                 * simulating faults (the new pages are pageable)
                 */
                vm_fault_copy_entry(dst_map, src_map, dst_entry, src_entry);
        }
}

/*
 * vmspace_fork:
 * Create a new process vmspace structure and vm_map
 * based on those of an existing process.  The new map
 * is based on the old map, according to the inheritance
 * values on the regions in that map.
 *
 * The source map must not be locked.
 */
struct vmspace *
vmspace_fork(struct vmspace *vm1)
{
        struct vmspace *vm2;
        vm_map_t old_map = &vm1->vm_map;
        vm_map_t new_map;
        vm_map_entry_t old_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t new_entry;
        vm_object_t object;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;

        vm_map_lock(old_map);
        old_map->infork = 1;

        vm2 = vmspace_alloc(old_map->min_offset, old_map->max_offset);
        bcopy(&vm1->vm_startcopy, &vm2->vm_startcopy,
            (caddr_t) &vm1->vm_endcopy - (caddr_t) &vm1->vm_startcopy);
        new_map = &vm2->vm_map; /* XXX */
        new_map->timestamp = 1;

        old_entry = old_map->header.next;

        while (old_entry != &old_map->header) {
                if (old_entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP)
                        panic("vm_map_fork: encountered a submap");

                switch (old_entry->inheritance) {
                case VM_INHERIT_NONE:
                        break;

                case VM_INHERIT_SHARE:
                        /*
                         * Clone the entry, creating the shared object if necessary.
                         */
                        object = old_entry->object.vm_object;
                        if (object == NULL) {
                                object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_DEFAULT,
                                        atop(old_entry->end - old_entry->start));
                                old_entry->object.vm_object = object;
                                old_entry->offset = (vm_offset_t) 0;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Add the reference before calling vm_object_shadow
                         * to insure that a shadow object is created.
                         */
                        vm_object_reference(object);
                        if (old_entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY) {
                                vm_object_shadow(&old_entry->object.vm_object,
                                        &old_entry->offset,
                                        atop(old_entry->end - old_entry->start));
                                old_entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY;
                                /* Transfer the second reference too. */
                                vm_object_reference(
                                    old_entry->object.vm_object);
                                vm_object_deallocate(object);
                                object = old_entry->object.vm_object;
                        }
                        vm_object_clear_flag(object, OBJ_ONEMAPPING);

                        /*
                         * Clone the entry, referencing the shared object.
                         */
                        new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map);
                        *new_entry = *old_entry;
                        new_entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED;
                        new_entry->wired_count = 0;

                        /*
                         * Insert the entry into the new map -- we know we're
                         * inserting at the end of the new map.
                         */
                        vm_map_entry_link(new_map, new_map->header.prev,
                            new_entry);

                        /*
                         * Update the physical map
                         */
                        pmap_copy(new_map->pmap, old_map->pmap,
                            new_entry->start,
                            (old_entry->end - old_entry->start),
                            old_entry->start);
                        break;

                case VM_INHERIT_COPY:
                        /*
                         * Clone the entry and link into the map.
                         */
                        new_entry = vm_map_entry_create(new_map);
                        *new_entry = *old_entry;
                        new_entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED;
                        new_entry->wired_count = 0;
                        new_entry->object.vm_object = NULL;
                        vm_map_entry_link(new_map, new_map->header.prev,
                            new_entry);
                        vm_map_copy_entry(old_map, new_map, old_entry,
                            new_entry);
                        break;
                }
                old_entry = old_entry->next;
        }

        new_map->size = old_map->size;
        old_map->infork = 0;
        vm_map_unlock(old_map);

        return (vm2);
}

int
vm_map_stack (vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t addrbos, vm_size_t max_ssize,
              vm_prot_t prot, vm_prot_t max, int cow)
{
        vm_map_entry_t prev_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t new_stack_entry;
        vm_size_t      init_ssize;
        int            rv;

        if (VM_MIN_ADDRESS > 0 && addrbos < VM_MIN_ADDRESS)
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);

        if (max_ssize < sgrowsiz)
                init_ssize = max_ssize;
        else
                init_ssize = sgrowsiz;

        vm_map_lock(map);

        /* If addr is already mapped, no go */
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, addrbos, &prev_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        /* If we would blow our VMEM resource limit, no go */
        if (map->size + init_ssize >
            curthread->td_proc->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_VMEM].rlim_cur) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        /* If we can't accomodate max_ssize in the current mapping,
         * no go.  However, we need to be aware that subsequent user
         * mappings might map into the space we have reserved for
         * stack, and currently this space is not protected.  
         * 
         * Hopefully we will at least detect this condition 
         * when we try to grow the stack.
         */
        if ((prev_entry->next != &map->header) &&
            (prev_entry->next->start < addrbos + max_ssize)) {
                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        /* We initially map a stack of only init_ssize.  We will
         * grow as needed later.  Since this is to be a grow 
         * down stack, we map at the top of the range.
         *
         * Note: we would normally expect prot and max to be
         * VM_PROT_ALL, and cow to be 0.  Possibly we should
         * eliminate these as input parameters, and just
         * pass these values here in the insert call.
         */
        rv = vm_map_insert(map, NULL, 0, addrbos + max_ssize - init_ssize,
                           addrbos + max_ssize, prot, max, cow);

        /* Now set the avail_ssize amount */
        if (rv == KERN_SUCCESS){
                if (prev_entry != &map->header)
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, prev_entry, addrbos + max_ssize - init_ssize);
                new_stack_entry = prev_entry->next;
                if (new_stack_entry->end   != addrbos + max_ssize ||
                    new_stack_entry->start != addrbos + max_ssize - init_ssize)
                        panic ("Bad entry start/end for new stack entry");
                else 
                        new_stack_entry->avail_ssize = max_ssize - init_ssize;
        }

        vm_map_unlock(map);
        return (rv);
}

/* Attempts to grow a vm stack entry.  Returns KERN_SUCCESS if the
 * desired address is already mapped, or if we successfully grow
 * the stack.  Also returns KERN_SUCCESS if addr is outside the
 * stack range (this is strange, but preserves compatibility with
 * the grow function in vm_machdep.c).
 */
int
vm_map_growstack (struct proc *p, vm_offset_t addr)
{
        vm_map_entry_t prev_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t stack_entry;
        vm_map_entry_t new_stack_entry;
        struct vmspace *vm = p->p_vmspace;
        vm_map_t map = &vm->vm_map;
        vm_offset_t    end;
        int      grow_amount;
        int      rv;
        int      is_procstack;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;
        
Retry:
        vm_map_lock_read(map);

        /* If addr is already in the entry range, no need to grow.*/
        if (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, addr, &prev_entry)) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_SUCCESS);
        }

        if ((stack_entry = prev_entry->next) == &map->header) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_SUCCESS);
        } 
        if (prev_entry == &map->header) 
                end = stack_entry->start - stack_entry->avail_ssize;
        else
                end = prev_entry->end;

        /* This next test mimics the old grow function in vm_machdep.c.
         * It really doesn't quite make sense, but we do it anyway
         * for compatibility.
         *
         * If not growable stack, return success.  This signals the
         * caller to proceed as he would normally with normal vm.
         */
        if (stack_entry->avail_ssize < 1 ||
            addr >= stack_entry->start ||
            addr <  stack_entry->start - stack_entry->avail_ssize) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_SUCCESS);
        } 
        
        /* Find the minimum grow amount */
        grow_amount = roundup (stack_entry->start - addr, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (grow_amount > stack_entry->avail_ssize) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        /* If there is no longer enough space between the entries
         * nogo, and adjust the available space.  Note: this 
         * should only happen if the user has mapped into the
         * stack area after the stack was created, and is
         * probably an error.
         *
         * This also effectively destroys any guard page the user
         * might have intended by limiting the stack size.
         */
        if (grow_amount > stack_entry->start - end) {
                if (vm_map_lock_upgrade(map))
                        goto Retry;

                stack_entry->avail_ssize = stack_entry->start - end;

                vm_map_unlock(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        is_procstack = addr >= (vm_offset_t)vm->vm_maxsaddr;

        /* If this is the main process stack, see if we're over the 
         * stack limit.
         */
        if (is_procstack && (ctob(vm->vm_ssize) + grow_amount >
                             p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur)) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        /* Round up the grow amount modulo SGROWSIZ */
        grow_amount = roundup (grow_amount, sgrowsiz);
        if (grow_amount > stack_entry->avail_ssize) {
                grow_amount = stack_entry->avail_ssize;
        }
        if (is_procstack && (ctob(vm->vm_ssize) + grow_amount >
                             p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur)) {
                grow_amount = p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur -
                              ctob(vm->vm_ssize);
        }

        /* If we would blow our VMEM resource limit, no go */
        if (map->size + grow_amount >
            curthread->td_proc->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_VMEM].rlim_cur) {
                vm_map_unlock_read(map);
                return (KERN_NO_SPACE);
        }

        if (vm_map_lock_upgrade(map))
                goto Retry;

        /* Get the preliminary new entry start value */
        addr = stack_entry->start - grow_amount;

        /* If this puts us into the previous entry, cut back our growth
         * to the available space.  Also, see the note above.
         */
        if (addr < end) {
                stack_entry->avail_ssize = stack_entry->start - end;
                addr = end;
        }

        rv = vm_map_insert(map, NULL, 0, addr, stack_entry->start,
                           VM_PROT_ALL,
                           VM_PROT_ALL,
                           0);

        /* Adjust the available stack space by the amount we grew. */
        if (rv == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                if (prev_entry != &map->header)
                        vm_map_clip_end(map, prev_entry, addr);
                new_stack_entry = prev_entry->next;
                if (new_stack_entry->end   != stack_entry->start  ||
                    new_stack_entry->start != addr)
                        panic ("Bad stack grow start/end in new stack entry");
                else {
                        new_stack_entry->avail_ssize = stack_entry->avail_ssize -
                                                        (new_stack_entry->end -
                                                         new_stack_entry->start);
                        if (is_procstack)
                                vm->vm_ssize += btoc(new_stack_entry->end -
                                                     new_stack_entry->start);
                }
        }

        vm_map_unlock(map);
        return (rv);
}

/*
 * Unshare the specified VM space for exec.  If other processes are
 * mapped to it, then create a new one.  The new vmspace is null.
 */
void
vmspace_exec(struct proc *p, vm_offset_t minuser, vm_offset_t maxuser)
{
        struct vmspace *oldvmspace = p->p_vmspace;
        struct vmspace *newvmspace;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;
        newvmspace = vmspace_alloc(minuser, maxuser);
        bcopy(&oldvmspace->vm_startcopy, &newvmspace->vm_startcopy,
            (caddr_t) (newvmspace + 1) - (caddr_t) &newvmspace->vm_startcopy);
        /*
         * This code is written like this for prototype purposes.  The
         * goal is to avoid running down the vmspace here, but let the
         * other process's that are still using the vmspace to finally
         * run it down.  Even though there is little or no chance of blocking
         * here, it is a good idea to keep this form for future mods.
         */
        p->p_vmspace = newvmspace;
        pmap_pinit2(vmspace_pmap(newvmspace));
        vmspace_free(oldvmspace);
        if (p == curthread->td_proc)            /* XXXKSE ? */
                pmap_activate(curthread);
}

/*
 * Unshare the specified VM space for forcing COW.  This
 * is called by rfork, for the (RFMEM|RFPROC) == 0 case.
 */
void
vmspace_unshare(struct proc *p)
{
        struct vmspace *oldvmspace = p->p_vmspace;
        struct vmspace *newvmspace;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;
        if (oldvmspace->vm_refcnt == 1)
                return;
        newvmspace = vmspace_fork(oldvmspace);
        p->p_vmspace = newvmspace;
        pmap_pinit2(vmspace_pmap(newvmspace));
        vmspace_free(oldvmspace);
        if (p == curthread->td_proc)            /* XXXKSE ? */
                pmap_activate(curthread);
}

/*
 *      vm_map_lookup:
 *
 *      Finds the VM object, offset, and
 *      protection for a given virtual address in the
 *      specified map, assuming a page fault of the
 *      type specified.
 *
 *      Leaves the map in question locked for read; return
 *      values are guaranteed until a vm_map_lookup_done
 *      call is performed.  Note that the map argument
 *      is in/out; the returned map must be used in
 *      the call to vm_map_lookup_done.
 *
 *      A handle (out_entry) is returned for use in
 *      vm_map_lookup_done, to make that fast.
 *
 *      If a lookup is requested with "write protection"
 *      specified, the map may be changed to perform virtual
 *      copying operations, although the data referenced will
 *      remain the same.
 */
int
vm_map_lookup(vm_map_t *var_map,                /* IN/OUT */
              vm_offset_t vaddr,
              vm_prot_t fault_typea,
              vm_map_entry_t *out_entry,        /* OUT */
              vm_object_t *object,              /* OUT */
              vm_pindex_t *pindex,              /* OUT */
              vm_prot_t *out_prot,              /* OUT */
              boolean_t *wired)                 /* OUT */
{
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_map_t map = *var_map;
        vm_prot_t prot;
        vm_prot_t fault_type = fault_typea;

RetryLookup:;
        /*
         * Lookup the faulting address.
         */

        vm_map_lock_read(map);
#define RETURN(why) \
                { \
                vm_map_unlock_read(map); \
                return (why); \
                }

        /*
         * If the map has an interesting hint, try it before calling full
         * blown lookup routine.
         */
        entry = map->root;
        *out_entry = entry;
        if (entry == NULL ||
            (vaddr < entry->start) || (vaddr >= entry->end)) {
                /*
                 * Entry was either not a valid hint, or the vaddr was not
                 * contained in the entry, so do a full lookup.
                 */
                if (!vm_map_lookup_entry(map, vaddr, out_entry))
                        RETURN(KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS);

                entry = *out_entry;
        }
        
        /*
         * Handle submaps.
         */
        if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) {
                vm_map_t old_map = map;

                *var_map = map = entry->object.sub_map;
                vm_map_unlock_read(old_map);
                goto RetryLookup;
        }

        /*
         * Check whether this task is allowed to have this page.
         * Note the special case for MAP_ENTRY_COW
         * pages with an override.  This is to implement a forced
         * COW for debuggers.
         */
        if (fault_type & VM_PROT_OVERRIDE_WRITE)
                prot = entry->max_protection;
        else
                prot = entry->protection;
        fault_type &= (VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE|VM_PROT_EXECUTE);
        if ((fault_type & prot) != fault_type) {
                        RETURN(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
        }
        if ((entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_USER_WIRED) &&
            (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_COW) &&
            (fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) &&
            (fault_typea & VM_PROT_OVERRIDE_WRITE) == 0) {
                RETURN(KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
        }

        /*
         * If this page is not pageable, we have to get it for all possible
         * accesses.
         */
        *wired = (entry->wired_count != 0);
        if (*wired)
                prot = fault_type = entry->protection;

        /*
         * If the entry was copy-on-write, we either ...
         */
        if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY) {
                /*
                 * If we want to write the page, we may as well handle that
                 * now since we've got the map locked.
                 *
                 * If we don't need to write the page, we just demote the
                 * permissions allowed.
                 */
                if (fault_type & VM_PROT_WRITE) {
                        /*
                         * Make a new object, and place it in the object
                         * chain.  Note that no new references have appeared
                         * -- one just moved from the map to the new
                         * object.
                         */
                        if (vm_map_lock_upgrade(map))
                                goto RetryLookup;

                        vm_object_shadow(
                            &entry->object.vm_object,
                            &entry->offset,
                            atop(entry->end - entry->start));
                        entry->eflags &= ~MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY;

                        vm_map_lock_downgrade(map);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We're attempting to read a copy-on-write page --
                         * don't allow writes.
                         */
                        prot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Create an object if necessary.
         */
        if (entry->object.vm_object == NULL &&
            !map->system_map) {
                if (vm_map_lock_upgrade(map)) 
                        goto RetryLookup;
                entry->object.vm_object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_DEFAULT,
                    atop(entry->end - entry->start));
                entry->offset = 0;
                vm_map_lock_downgrade(map);
        }

        /*
         * Return the object/offset from this entry.  If the entry was
         * copy-on-write or empty, it has been fixed up.
         */
        *pindex = OFF_TO_IDX((vaddr - entry->start) + entry->offset);
        *object = entry->object.vm_object;

        /*
         * Return whether this is the only map sharing this data.
         */
        *out_prot = prot;
        return (KERN_SUCCESS);

#undef  RETURN
}

/*
 *      vm_map_lookup_done:
 *
 *      Releases locks acquired by a vm_map_lookup
 *      (according to the handle returned by that lookup).
 */
void
vm_map_lookup_done(vm_map_t map, vm_map_entry_t entry)
{
        /*
         * Unlock the main-level map
         */
        vm_map_unlock_read(map);
}

#ifdef ENABLE_VFS_IOOPT
/*
 * Experimental support for zero-copy I/O
 *
 * Implement uiomove with VM operations.  This handles (and collateral changes)
 * support every combination of source object modification, and COW type
 * operations.
 */
int
vm_uiomove(
        vm_map_t mapa,
        vm_object_t srcobject,
        off_t cp,
        int cnta,
        vm_offset_t uaddra,
        int *npages)
{
        vm_map_t map;
        vm_object_t first_object, oldobject, object;
        vm_map_entry_t entry;
        vm_prot_t prot;
        boolean_t wired;
        int tcnt, rv;
        vm_offset_t uaddr, start, end, tend;
        vm_pindex_t first_pindex, oindex;
        vm_size_t osize;
        off_t ooffset;
        int cnt;

        GIANT_REQUIRED;

        if (npages)
                *npages = 0;

        cnt = cnta;
        uaddr = uaddra;

        while (cnt > 0) {
                map = mapa;

                if ((vm_map_lookup(&map, uaddr,
                        VM_PROT_READ, &entry, &first_object,
                        &first_pindex, &prot, &wired)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        return EFAULT;
                }

                vm_map_clip_start(map, entry, uaddr);

                tcnt = cnt;
                tend = uaddr + tcnt;
                if (tend > entry->end) {
                        tcnt = entry->end - uaddr;
                        tend = entry->end;
                }

                vm_map_clip_end(map, entry, tend);

                start = entry->start;
                end = entry->end;

                osize = atop(tcnt);

                oindex = OFF_TO_IDX(cp);
                if (npages) {
                        vm_size_t idx;
                        for (idx = 0; idx < osize; idx++) {
                                vm_page_t m;
                                if ((m = vm_page_lookup(srcobject, oindex + idx)) == NULL) {
                                        vm_map_lookup_done(map, entry);
                                        return 0;
                                }
                                /*
                                 * disallow busy or invalid pages, but allow
                                 * m->busy pages if they are entirely valid.
                                 */
                                if ((m->flags & PG_BUSY) ||
                                        ((m->valid & VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)) {
                                        vm_map_lookup_done(map, entry);
                                        return 0;
                                }
                        }
                }

/*
 * If we are changing an existing map entry, just redirect
 * the object, and change mappings.
 */
                if ((first_object->type == OBJT_VNODE) &&
                        ((oldobject = entry->object.vm_object) == first_object)) {

                        if ((entry->offset != cp) || (oldobject != srcobject)) {
                                /*
                                * Remove old window into the file
                                */
                                pmap_remove (map->pmap, uaddr, tend);

                                /*
                                * Force copy on write for mmaped regions
                                */
                                vm_object_pmap_copy_1 (srcobject, oindex, oindex + osize);

                                /*
                                * Point the object appropriately
                                */
                                if (oldobject != srcobject) {

                                /*
                                * Set the object optimization hint flag
                                */
                                        vm_object_set_flag(srcobject, OBJ_OPT);
                                        vm_object_reference(srcobject);
                                        entry->object.vm_object = srcobject;

                                        if (oldobject) {
                                                vm_object_deallocate(oldobject);
                                        }
                                }

                                entry->offset = cp;
                                map->timestamp++;
                        } else {
                                pmap_remove (map->pmap, uaddr, tend);
                        }

                } else if ((first_object->ref_count == 1) &&
                        (first_object->size == osize) &&
                        ((first_object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT) ||
                                (first_object->type == OBJT_SWAP)) ) {

                        oldobject = first_object->backing_object;

                        if ((first_object->backing_object_offset != cp) ||
                                (oldobject != srcobject)) {
                                /*
                                * Remove old window into the file
                                */
                                pmap_remove (map->pmap, uaddr, tend);

                                /*
                                 * Remove unneeded old pages
                                 */
                                vm_object_page_remove(first_object, 0, 0, 0);

                                /*
                                 * Invalidate swap space
                                 */
                                if (first_object->type == OBJT_SWAP) {
                                        swap_pager_freespace(first_object,
                                                0,
                                                first_object->size);
                                }

                                /*
                                 * Force copy on write for mmaped regions
                                 */
                                vm_object_pmap_copy_1 (srcobject, oindex, oindex + osize);

                                /*
                                 * Point the object appropriately
                                 */
                                if (oldobject != srcobject) {
                                        /*
                                         * Set the object optimization hint flag
                                         */
                                        vm_object_set_flag(srcobject, OBJ_OPT);
                                        vm_object_reference(srcobject);

                                        if (oldobject) {
                                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&oldobject->shadow_head,
                                                        first_object, shadow_list);
                                                oldobject->shadow_count--;
                                                /* XXX bump generation? */
                                                vm_object_deallocate(oldobject);
                                        }

                                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&srcobject->shadow_head,
                                                first_object, shadow_list);
                                        srcobject->shadow_count++;
                                        /* XXX bump generation? */

                                        first_object->backing_object = srcobject;
                                }
                                first_object->backing_object_offset = cp;
                                map->timestamp++;
                        } else {
                                pmap_remove (map->pmap, uaddr, tend);
                        }
/*
 * Otherwise, we have to do a logical mmap.
 */
                } else {

                        vm_object_set_flag(srcobject, OBJ_OPT);
                        vm_object_reference(srcobject);

                        pmap_remove (map->pmap, uaddr, tend);

                        vm_object_pmap_copy_1 (srcobject, oindex, oindex + osize);
                        vm_map_lock_upgrade(map);

                        if (entry == &map->header) {
                                map->first_free = &map->header;
                        } else if (map->first_free->start >= start) {
                                map->first_free = entry->prev;
                        }

                        vm_map_entry_delete(map, entry);

                        object = srcobject;
                        ooffset = cp;

                        rv = vm_map_insert(map, object, ooffset, start, tend,
                                VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_COPY_ON_WRITE);

                        if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS)
                                panic("vm_uiomove: could not insert new entry: %d", rv);
                }

/*
 * Map the window directly, if it is already in memory
 */
                pmap_object_init_pt(map->pmap, uaddr,
                        srcobject, oindex, tcnt, 0);

                map->timestamp++;
                vm_map_unlock(map);

                cnt -= tcnt;
                uaddr += tcnt;
                cp += tcnt;
                if (npages)
                        *npages += osize;
        }
        return 0;
}
#endif

#include "opt_ddb.h"
#ifdef DDB
#include <sys/kernel.h>

#include <ddb/ddb.h>

/*
 *      vm_map_print:   [ debug ]
 */
DB_SHOW_COMMAND(map, vm_map_print)
{
        static int nlines;
        /* XXX convert args. */
        vm_map_t map = (vm_map_t)addr;
        boolean_t full = have_addr;

        vm_map_entry_t entry;

        db_iprintf("Task map %p: pmap=%p, nentries=%d, version=%u\n",
            (void *)map,
            (void *)map->pmap, map->nentries, map->timestamp);
        nlines++;

        if (!full && db_indent)
                return;

        db_indent += 2;
        for (entry = map->header.next; entry != &map->header;
            entry = entry->next) {
                db_iprintf("map entry %p: start=%p, end=%p\n",
                    (void *)entry, (void *)entry->start, (void *)entry->end);
                nlines++;
                {
                        static char *inheritance_name[4] =
                        {"share", "copy", "none", "donate_copy"};

                        db_iprintf(" prot=%x/%x/%s",
                            entry->protection,
                            entry->max_protection,
                            inheritance_name[(int)(unsigned char)entry->inheritance]);
                        if (entry->wired_count != 0)
                                db_printf(", wired");
                }
                if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_IS_SUB_MAP) {
                        /* XXX no %qd in kernel.  Truncate entry->offset. */
                        db_printf(", share=%p, offset=0x%lx\n",
                            (void *)entry->object.sub_map,
                            (long)entry->offset);
                        nlines++;
                        if ((entry->prev == &map->header) ||
                            (entry->prev->object.sub_map !=
                                entry->object.sub_map)) {
                                db_indent += 2;
                                vm_map_print((db_expr_t)(intptr_t)
                                             entry->object.sub_map,
                                             full, 0, (char *)0);
                                db_indent -= 2;
                        }
                } else {
                        /* XXX no %qd in kernel.  Truncate entry->offset. */
                        db_printf(", object=%p, offset=0x%lx",
                            (void *)entry->object.vm_object,
                            (long)entry->offset);
                        if (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_COW)
                                db_printf(", copy (%s)",
                                    (entry->eflags & MAP_ENTRY_NEEDS_COPY) ? "needed" : "done");
                        db_printf("\n");
                        nlines++;

                        if ((entry->prev == &map->header) ||
                            (entry->prev->object.vm_object !=
                                entry->object.vm_object)) {
                                db_indent += 2;
                                vm_object_print((db_expr_t)(intptr_t)
                                                entry->object.vm_object,
                                                full, 0, (char *)0);
                                nlines += 4;
                                db_indent -= 2;
                        }
                }
        }
        db_indent -= 2;
        if (db_indent == 0)
                nlines = 0;
}


DB_SHOW_COMMAND(procvm, procvm)
{
        struct proc *p;

        if (have_addr) {
                p = (struct proc *) addr;
        } else {
                p = curproc;
        }

        db_printf("p = %p, vmspace = %p, map = %p, pmap = %p\n",
            (void *)p, (void *)p->p_vmspace, (void *)&p->p_vmspace->vm_map,
            (void *)vmspace_pmap(p->p_vmspace));

        vm_map_print((db_expr_t)(intptr_t)&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, 1, 0, NULL);
}

#endif /* DDB */