2 * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Matthew Dillon. All Rights Reserved.
6 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
7 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * from: @(#)vm_page.c 7.4 (Berkeley) 5/7/91
37 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
38 * All rights reserved.
40 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
42 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
43 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
44 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
45 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
46 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
48 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
49 * CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
50 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
52 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
54 * Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
55 * School of Computer Science
56 * Carnegie Mellon University
57 * Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
59 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
60 * rights to redistribute these changes.
64 * GENERAL RULES ON VM_PAGE MANIPULATION
66 * - A page queue lock is required when adding or removing a page from a
67 * page queue (vm_pagequeues[]), regardless of other locks or the
68 * busy state of a page.
70 * * In general, no thread besides the page daemon can acquire or
71 * hold more than one page queue lock at a time.
73 * * The page daemon can acquire and hold any pair of page queue
76 * - The object mutex is held when inserting or removing
77 * pages from an object (vm_page_insert() or vm_page_remove()).
82 * Resident memory management module.
85 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
86 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
90 #include <sys/param.h>
91 #include <sys/systm.h>
93 #include <sys/kernel.h>
94 #include <sys/limits.h>
95 #include <sys/malloc.h>
96 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
97 #include <sys/mutex.h>
99 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
100 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
101 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
102 #include <sys/vnode.h>
106 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
107 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
108 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
109 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
110 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
111 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
112 #include <vm/vm_phys.h>
113 #include <vm/vm_reserv.h>
114 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
116 #include <vm/uma_int.h>
118 #include <machine/md_var.h>
121 * Associated with page of user-allocatable memory is a
125 struct vm_pagequeue vm_pagequeues[PQ_COUNT] = {
127 .pq_pl = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(
128 vm_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE].pq_pl),
129 .pq_cnt = &cnt.v_inactive_count,
130 .pq_name = "vm inactive pagequeue"
133 .pq_pl = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(
134 vm_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_pl),
135 .pq_cnt = &cnt.v_active_count,
136 .pq_name = "vm active pagequeue"
139 struct mtx_padalign vm_page_queue_free_mtx;
141 struct mtx_padalign pa_lock[PA_LOCK_COUNT];
143 vm_page_t vm_page_array;
144 long vm_page_array_size;
146 int vm_page_zero_count;
148 static int boot_pages = UMA_BOOT_PAGES;
149 TUNABLE_INT("vm.boot_pages", &boot_pages);
150 SYSCTL_INT(_vm, OID_AUTO, boot_pages, CTLFLAG_RD, &boot_pages, 0,
151 "number of pages allocated for bootstrapping the VM system");
153 static int pa_tryrelock_restart;
154 SYSCTL_INT(_vm, OID_AUTO, tryrelock_restart, CTLFLAG_RD,
155 &pa_tryrelock_restart, 0, "Number of tryrelock restarts");
157 static uma_zone_t fakepg_zone;
159 static struct vnode *vm_page_alloc_init(vm_page_t m);
160 static void vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(vm_page_t m, vm_page_bits_t pagebits);
161 static void vm_page_enqueue(int queue, vm_page_t m);
162 static void vm_page_init_fakepg(void *dummy);
164 SYSINIT(vm_page, SI_SUB_VM, SI_ORDER_SECOND, vm_page_init_fakepg, NULL);
167 vm_page_init_fakepg(void *dummy)
170 fakepg_zone = uma_zcreate("fakepg", sizeof(struct vm_page), NULL, NULL,
171 NULL, NULL, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, UMA_ZONE_NOFREE | UMA_ZONE_VM);
174 /* Make sure that u_long is at least 64 bits when PAGE_SIZE is 32K. */
175 #if PAGE_SIZE == 32768
177 CTASSERT(sizeof(u_long) >= 8);
182 * Try to acquire a physical address lock while a pmap is locked. If we
183 * fail to trylock we unlock and lock the pmap directly and cache the
184 * locked pa in *locked. The caller should then restart their loop in case
185 * the virtual to physical mapping has changed.
188 vm_page_pa_tryrelock(pmap_t pmap, vm_paddr_t pa, vm_paddr_t *locked)
195 PA_LOCK_ASSERT(lockpa, MA_OWNED);
196 if (PA_LOCKPTR(pa) == PA_LOCKPTR(lockpa))
203 atomic_add_int(&pa_tryrelock_restart, 1);
212 * Sets the page size, perhaps based upon the memory
213 * size. Must be called before any use of page-size
214 * dependent functions.
217 vm_set_page_size(void)
219 if (cnt.v_page_size == 0)
220 cnt.v_page_size = PAGE_SIZE;
221 if (((cnt.v_page_size - 1) & cnt.v_page_size) != 0)
222 panic("vm_set_page_size: page size not a power of two");
226 * vm_page_blacklist_lookup:
228 * See if a physical address in this page has been listed
229 * in the blacklist tunable. Entries in the tunable are
230 * separated by spaces or commas. If an invalid integer is
231 * encountered then the rest of the string is skipped.
234 vm_page_blacklist_lookup(char *list, vm_paddr_t pa)
239 for (pos = list; *pos != '\0'; pos = cp) {
240 bad = strtoq(pos, &cp, 0);
242 if (*cp == ' ' || *cp == ',') {
249 if (pa == trunc_page(bad))
258 * Initializes the resident memory module.
260 * Allocates memory for the page cells, and
261 * for the object/offset-to-page hash table headers.
262 * Each page cell is initialized and placed on the free list.
265 vm_page_startup(vm_offset_t vaddr)
268 vm_paddr_t page_range;
275 /* the biggest memory array is the second group of pages */
277 vm_paddr_t biggestsize;
278 vm_paddr_t low_water, high_water;
283 vaddr = round_page(vaddr);
285 for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
286 phys_avail[i] = round_page(phys_avail[i]);
287 phys_avail[i + 1] = trunc_page(phys_avail[i + 1]);
290 low_water = phys_avail[0];
291 high_water = phys_avail[1];
293 for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
294 vm_paddr_t size = phys_avail[i + 1] - phys_avail[i];
296 if (size > biggestsize) {
300 if (phys_avail[i] < low_water)
301 low_water = phys_avail[i];
302 if (phys_avail[i + 1] > high_water)
303 high_water = phys_avail[i + 1];
310 end = phys_avail[biggestone+1];
313 * Initialize the page and queue locks.
315 mtx_init(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx, "vm page free queue", NULL, MTX_DEF);
316 for (i = 0; i < PA_LOCK_COUNT; i++)
317 mtx_init(&pa_lock[i], "vm page", NULL, MTX_DEF);
318 for (i = 0; i < PQ_COUNT; i++)
319 vm_pagequeue_init_lock(&vm_pagequeues[i]);
322 * Allocate memory for use when boot strapping the kernel memory
325 new_end = end - (boot_pages * UMA_SLAB_SIZE);
326 new_end = trunc_page(new_end);
327 mapped = pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end, end,
328 VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
329 bzero((void *)mapped, end - new_end);
330 uma_startup((void *)mapped, boot_pages);
332 #if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || \
335 * Allocate a bitmap to indicate that a random physical page
336 * needs to be included in a minidump.
338 * The amd64 port needs this to indicate which direct map pages
339 * need to be dumped, via calls to dump_add_page()/dump_drop_page().
341 * However, i386 still needs this workspace internally within the
342 * minidump code. In theory, they are not needed on i386, but are
343 * included should the sf_buf code decide to use them.
346 for (i = 0; dump_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2)
347 if (dump_avail[i + 1] > last_pa)
348 last_pa = dump_avail[i + 1];
349 page_range = last_pa / PAGE_SIZE;
350 vm_page_dump_size = round_page(roundup2(page_range, NBBY) / NBBY);
351 new_end -= vm_page_dump_size;
352 vm_page_dump = (void *)(uintptr_t)pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end,
353 new_end + vm_page_dump_size, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
354 bzero((void *)vm_page_dump, vm_page_dump_size);
358 * Request that the physical pages underlying the message buffer be
359 * included in a crash dump. Since the message buffer is accessed
360 * through the direct map, they are not automatically included.
362 pa = DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)msgbufp->msg_ptr);
363 last_pa = pa + round_page(msgbufsize);
364 while (pa < last_pa) {
370 * Compute the number of pages of memory that will be available for
371 * use (taking into account the overhead of a page structure per
374 first_page = low_water / PAGE_SIZE;
375 #ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
377 for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2)
378 page_range += atop(phys_avail[i + 1] - phys_avail[i]);
379 #elif defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
380 page_range = high_water / PAGE_SIZE - first_page;
382 #error "Either VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE or VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE must be defined."
387 * Reserve an unmapped guard page to trap access to vm_page_array[-1].
392 * Initialize the mem entry structures now, and put them in the free
395 new_end = trunc_page(end - page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page));
396 mapped = pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end, end,
397 VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
398 vm_page_array = (vm_page_t) mapped;
399 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
401 * Allocate memory for the reservation management system's data
404 new_end = vm_reserv_startup(&vaddr, new_end, high_water);
406 #if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__mips__)
408 * pmap_map on amd64 and mips can come out of the direct-map, not kvm
409 * like i386, so the pages must be tracked for a crashdump to include
410 * this data. This includes the vm_page_array and the early UMA
413 for (pa = new_end; pa < phys_avail[biggestone + 1]; pa += PAGE_SIZE)
416 phys_avail[biggestone + 1] = new_end;
419 * Clear all of the page structures
421 bzero((caddr_t) vm_page_array, page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page));
422 for (i = 0; i < page_range; i++)
423 vm_page_array[i].order = VM_NFREEORDER;
424 vm_page_array_size = page_range;
427 * Initialize the physical memory allocator.
432 * Add every available physical page that is not blacklisted to
435 cnt.v_page_count = 0;
436 cnt.v_free_count = 0;
437 list = getenv("vm.blacklist");
438 for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2) {
440 last_pa = phys_avail[i + 1];
441 while (pa < last_pa) {
443 vm_page_blacklist_lookup(list, pa))
444 printf("Skipping page with pa 0x%jx\n",
447 vm_phys_add_page(pa);
452 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
454 * Initialize the reservation management system.
462 vm_page_reference(vm_page_t m)
465 vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
469 vm_page_busy(vm_page_t m)
472 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
473 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) == 0,
474 ("vm_page_busy: page already busy!!!"));
475 m->oflags |= VPO_BUSY;
481 * wakeup anyone waiting for the page.
484 vm_page_flash(vm_page_t m)
487 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
488 if (m->oflags & VPO_WANTED) {
489 m->oflags &= ~VPO_WANTED;
497 * clear the VPO_BUSY flag and wakeup anyone waiting for the
502 vm_page_wakeup(vm_page_t m)
505 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
506 KASSERT(m->oflags & VPO_BUSY, ("vm_page_wakeup: page not busy!!!"));
507 m->oflags &= ~VPO_BUSY;
512 vm_page_io_start(vm_page_t m)
515 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
520 vm_page_io_finish(vm_page_t m)
523 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
524 KASSERT(m->busy > 0, ("vm_page_io_finish: page %p is not busy", m));
531 * Keep page from being freed by the page daemon
532 * much of the same effect as wiring, except much lower
533 * overhead and should be used only for *very* temporary
534 * holding ("wiring").
537 vm_page_hold(vm_page_t mem)
540 vm_page_lock_assert(mem, MA_OWNED);
545 vm_page_unhold(vm_page_t mem)
548 vm_page_lock_assert(mem, MA_OWNED);
550 KASSERT(mem->hold_count >= 0, ("vm_page_unhold: hold count < 0!!!"));
551 if (mem->hold_count == 0 && (mem->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) != 0)
552 vm_page_free_toq(mem);
556 * vm_page_unhold_pages:
558 * Unhold each of the pages that is referenced by the given array.
561 vm_page_unhold_pages(vm_page_t *ma, int count)
563 struct mtx *mtx, *new_mtx;
566 for (; count != 0; count--) {
568 * Avoid releasing and reacquiring the same page lock.
570 new_mtx = vm_page_lockptr(*ma);
571 if (mtx != new_mtx) {
585 PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(vm_paddr_t pa)
589 #ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
590 m = vm_phys_paddr_to_vm_page(pa);
592 m = vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page(pa);
594 #elif defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
598 if (pi >= first_page && (pi - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
599 m = &vm_page_array[pi - first_page];
602 return (vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page(pa));
604 #error "Either VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE or VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE must be defined."
611 * Create a fictitious page with the specified physical address and
612 * memory attribute. The memory attribute is the only the machine-
613 * dependent aspect of a fictitious page that must be initialized.
616 vm_page_getfake(vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
620 m = uma_zalloc(fakepg_zone, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
621 vm_page_initfake(m, paddr, memattr);
626 vm_page_initfake(vm_page_t m, vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
629 if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
631 * The page's memattr might have changed since the
632 * previous initialization. Update the pmap to the
637 m->phys_addr = paddr;
639 /* Fictitious pages don't use "segind". */
640 m->flags = PG_FICTITIOUS;
641 /* Fictitious pages don't use "order" or "pool". */
642 m->oflags = VPO_BUSY | VPO_UNMANAGED;
645 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
651 * Release a fictitious page.
654 vm_page_putfake(vm_page_t m)
657 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0, ("managed %p", m));
658 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0,
659 ("vm_page_putfake: bad page %p", m));
660 uma_zfree(fakepg_zone, m);
664 * vm_page_updatefake:
666 * Update the given fictitious page to the specified physical address and
670 vm_page_updatefake(vm_page_t m, vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
673 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0,
674 ("vm_page_updatefake: bad page %p", m));
675 m->phys_addr = paddr;
676 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
685 vm_page_free(vm_page_t m)
688 m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
695 * Free a page to the zerod-pages queue
698 vm_page_free_zero(vm_page_t m)
706 * Unbusy and handle the page queueing for a page from the VOP_GETPAGES()
707 * array which is not the request page.
710 vm_page_readahead_finish(vm_page_t m)
715 * Since the page is not the requested page, whether
716 * it should be activated or deactivated is not
717 * obvious. Empirical results have shown that
718 * deactivating the page is usually the best choice,
719 * unless the page is wanted by another thread.
721 if (m->oflags & VPO_WANTED) {
727 vm_page_deactivate(m);
733 * Free the completely invalid page. Such page state
734 * occurs due to the short read operation which did
735 * not covered our page at all, or in case when a read
747 * Sleep and release the page lock.
749 * The object containing the given page must be locked.
752 vm_page_sleep(vm_page_t m, const char *msg)
755 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
756 if (mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m)))
760 * It's possible that while we sleep, the page will get
761 * unbusied and freed. If we are holding the object
762 * lock, we will assume we hold a reference to the object
763 * such that even if m->object changes, we can re-lock
766 m->oflags |= VPO_WANTED;
767 VM_OBJECT_SLEEP(m->object, m, PVM, msg, 0);
771 * vm_page_dirty_KBI: [ internal use only ]
773 * Set all bits in the page's dirty field.
775 * The object containing the specified page must be locked if the
776 * call is made from the machine-independent layer.
778 * See vm_page_clear_dirty_mask().
780 * This function should only be called by vm_page_dirty().
783 vm_page_dirty_KBI(vm_page_t m)
786 /* These assertions refer to this operation by its public name. */
787 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_CACHED) == 0,
788 ("vm_page_dirty: page in cache!"));
789 KASSERT(!VM_PAGE_IS_FREE(m),
790 ("vm_page_dirty: page is free!"));
791 KASSERT(m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL,
792 ("vm_page_dirty: page is invalid!"));
793 m->dirty = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
799 * Implements Sleator and Tarjan's top-down splay algorithm. Returns
800 * the vm_page containing the given pindex. If, however, that
801 * pindex is not found in the vm_object, returns a vm_page that is
802 * adjacent to the pindex, coming before or after it.
805 vm_page_splay(vm_pindex_t pindex, vm_page_t root)
807 struct vm_page dummy;
808 vm_page_t lefttreemax, righttreemin, y;
812 lefttreemax = righttreemin = &dummy;
814 if (pindex < root->pindex) {
815 if ((y = root->left) == NULL)
817 if (pindex < y->pindex) {
819 root->left = y->right;
822 if ((y = root->left) == NULL)
825 /* Link into the new root's right tree. */
826 righttreemin->left = root;
828 } else if (pindex > root->pindex) {
829 if ((y = root->right) == NULL)
831 if (pindex > y->pindex) {
833 root->right = y->left;
836 if ((y = root->right) == NULL)
839 /* Link into the new root's left tree. */
840 lefttreemax->right = root;
845 /* Assemble the new root. */
846 lefttreemax->right = root->left;
847 righttreemin->left = root->right;
848 root->left = dummy.right;
849 root->right = dummy.left;
854 * vm_page_insert: [ internal use only ]
856 * Inserts the given mem entry into the object and object list.
858 * The pagetables are not updated but will presumably fault the page
859 * in if necessary, or if a kernel page the caller will at some point
860 * enter the page into the kernel's pmap. We are not allowed to sleep
861 * here so we *can't* do this anyway.
863 * The object must be locked.
866 vm_page_insert(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
870 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
871 if (m->object != NULL)
872 panic("vm_page_insert: page already inserted");
875 * Record the object/offset pair in this page
881 * Now link into the object's ordered list of backed pages.
887 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object->memq, m, listq);
889 root = vm_page_splay(pindex, root);
890 if (pindex < root->pindex) {
891 m->left = root->left;
894 TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(root, m, listq);
895 } else if (pindex == root->pindex)
896 panic("vm_page_insert: offset already allocated");
898 m->right = root->right;
901 TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&object->memq, root, m, listq);
907 * Show that the object has one more resident page.
909 object->resident_page_count++;
912 * Hold the vnode until the last page is released.
914 if (object->resident_page_count == 1 && object->type == OBJT_VNODE)
915 vhold(object->handle);
918 * Since we are inserting a new and possibly dirty page,
919 * update the object's OBJ_MIGHTBEDIRTY flag.
921 if (pmap_page_is_write_mapped(m))
922 vm_object_set_writeable_dirty(object);
928 * Removes the given mem entry from the object/offset-page
929 * table and the object page list, but do not invalidate/terminate
932 * The underlying pmap entry (if any) is NOT removed here.
934 * The object must be locked. The page must be locked if it is managed.
937 vm_page_remove(vm_page_t m)
940 vm_page_t next, prev, root;
942 if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
943 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
944 if ((object = m->object) == NULL)
946 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
947 if (m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) {
948 m->oflags &= ~VPO_BUSY;
953 * Now remove from the object's list of backed pages.
955 if ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq)) != NULL && next->left == m) {
957 * Since the page's successor in the list is also its parent
958 * in the tree, its right subtree must be empty.
960 next->left = m->left;
961 KASSERT(m->right == NULL,
962 ("vm_page_remove: page %p has right child", m));
963 } else if ((prev = TAILQ_PREV(m, pglist, listq)) != NULL &&
966 * Since the page's predecessor in the list is also its parent
967 * in the tree, its left subtree must be empty.
969 KASSERT(m->left == NULL,
970 ("vm_page_remove: page %p has left child", m));
971 prev->right = m->right;
973 if (m != object->root)
974 vm_page_splay(m->pindex, object->root);
977 else if (m->right == NULL)
981 * Move the page's successor to the root, because
982 * pages are usually removed in ascending order.
984 if (m->right != next)
985 vm_page_splay(m->pindex, m->right);
986 next->left = m->left;
991 TAILQ_REMOVE(&object->memq, m, listq);
994 * And show that the object has one fewer resident page.
996 object->resident_page_count--;
999 * The vnode may now be recycled.
1001 if (object->resident_page_count == 0 && object->type == OBJT_VNODE)
1002 vdrop(object->handle);
1010 * Returns the page associated with the object/offset
1011 * pair specified; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1013 * The object must be locked.
1016 vm_page_lookup(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1020 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1021 if ((m = object->root) != NULL && m->pindex != pindex) {
1022 m = vm_page_splay(pindex, m);
1023 if ((object->root = m)->pindex != pindex)
1030 * vm_page_find_least:
1032 * Returns the page associated with the object with least pindex
1033 * greater than or equal to the parameter pindex, or NULL.
1035 * The object must be locked.
1038 vm_page_find_least(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1042 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1043 if ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&object->memq)) != NULL) {
1044 if (m->pindex < pindex) {
1045 m = vm_page_splay(pindex, object->root);
1046 if ((object->root = m)->pindex < pindex)
1047 m = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq);
1054 * Returns the given page's successor (by pindex) within the object if it is
1055 * resident; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1057 * The object must be locked.
1060 vm_page_next(vm_page_t m)
1064 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
1065 if ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq)) != NULL &&
1066 next->pindex != m->pindex + 1)
1072 * Returns the given page's predecessor (by pindex) within the object if it is
1073 * resident; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1075 * The object must be locked.
1078 vm_page_prev(vm_page_t m)
1082 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
1083 if ((prev = TAILQ_PREV(m, pglist, listq)) != NULL &&
1084 prev->pindex != m->pindex - 1)
1092 * Move the given memory entry from its
1093 * current object to the specified target object/offset.
1095 * Note: swap associated with the page must be invalidated by the move. We
1096 * have to do this for several reasons: (1) we aren't freeing the
1097 * page, (2) we are dirtying the page, (3) the VM system is probably
1098 * moving the page from object A to B, and will then later move
1099 * the backing store from A to B and we can't have a conflict.
1101 * Note: we *always* dirty the page. It is necessary both for the
1102 * fact that we moved it, and because we may be invalidating
1103 * swap. If the page is on the cache, we have to deactivate it
1104 * or vm_page_dirty() will panic. Dirty pages are not allowed
1107 * The objects must be locked. The page must be locked if it is managed.
1110 vm_page_rename(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t new_object, vm_pindex_t new_pindex)
1114 vm_page_insert(m, new_object, new_pindex);
1119 * Convert all of the given object's cached pages that have a
1120 * pindex within the given range into free pages. If the value
1121 * zero is given for "end", then the range's upper bound is
1122 * infinity. If the given object is backed by a vnode and it
1123 * transitions from having one or more cached pages to none, the
1124 * vnode's hold count is reduced.
1127 vm_page_cache_free(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t start, vm_pindex_t end)
1129 vm_page_t m, m_next;
1132 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1133 if (__predict_false(vm_object_cache_is_empty(object))) {
1134 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1137 m = object->cache = vm_page_splay(start, object->cache);
1138 if (m->pindex < start) {
1139 if (m->right == NULL)
1142 m_next = vm_page_splay(start, m->right);
1145 m = object->cache = m_next;
1150 * At this point, "m" is either (1) a reference to the page
1151 * with the least pindex that is greater than or equal to
1152 * "start" or (2) NULL.
1154 for (; m != NULL && (m->pindex < end || end == 0); m = m_next) {
1156 * Find "m"'s successor and remove "m" from the
1159 if (m->right == NULL) {
1160 object->cache = m->left;
1163 m_next = vm_page_splay(start, m->right);
1164 m_next->left = m->left;
1165 object->cache = m_next;
1167 /* Convert "m" to a free page. */
1170 /* Clear PG_CACHED and set PG_FREE. */
1171 m->flags ^= PG_CACHED | PG_FREE;
1172 KASSERT((m->flags & (PG_CACHED | PG_FREE)) == PG_FREE,
1173 ("vm_page_cache_free: page %p has inconsistent flags", m));
1174 cnt.v_cache_count--;
1177 empty = vm_object_cache_is_empty(object);
1178 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1179 if (object->type == OBJT_VNODE && empty)
1180 vdrop(object->handle);
1184 * Returns the cached page that is associated with the given
1185 * object and offset. If, however, none exists, returns NULL.
1187 * The free page queue must be locked.
1189 static inline vm_page_t
1190 vm_page_cache_lookup(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1194 mtx_assert(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx, MA_OWNED);
1195 if ((m = object->cache) != NULL && m->pindex != pindex) {
1196 m = vm_page_splay(pindex, m);
1197 if ((object->cache = m)->pindex != pindex)
1204 * Remove the given cached page from its containing object's
1205 * collection of cached pages.
1207 * The free page queue must be locked.
1210 vm_page_cache_remove(vm_page_t m)
1215 mtx_assert(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx, MA_OWNED);
1216 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_CACHED) != 0,
1217 ("vm_page_cache_remove: page %p is not cached", m));
1219 if (m != object->cache) {
1220 root = vm_page_splay(m->pindex, object->cache);
1222 ("vm_page_cache_remove: page %p is not cached in object %p",
1225 if (m->left == NULL)
1227 else if (m->right == NULL)
1230 root = vm_page_splay(m->pindex, m->left);
1231 root->right = m->right;
1233 object->cache = root;
1235 cnt.v_cache_count--;
1239 * Transfer all of the cached pages with offset greater than or
1240 * equal to 'offidxstart' from the original object's cache to the
1241 * new object's cache. However, any cached pages with offset
1242 * greater than or equal to the new object's size are kept in the
1243 * original object. Initially, the new object's cache must be
1244 * empty. Offset 'offidxstart' in the original object must
1245 * correspond to offset zero in the new object.
1247 * The new object must be locked.
1250 vm_page_cache_transfer(vm_object_t orig_object, vm_pindex_t offidxstart,
1251 vm_object_t new_object)
1253 vm_page_t m, m_next;
1256 * Insertion into an object's collection of cached pages
1257 * requires the object to be locked. In contrast, removal does
1260 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(new_object);
1261 KASSERT(vm_object_cache_is_empty(new_object),
1262 ("vm_page_cache_transfer: object %p has cached pages",
1264 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1265 if ((m = orig_object->cache) != NULL) {
1267 * Transfer all of the pages with offset greater than or
1268 * equal to 'offidxstart' from the original object's
1269 * cache to the new object's cache.
1271 m = vm_page_splay(offidxstart, m);
1272 if (m->pindex < offidxstart) {
1273 orig_object->cache = m;
1274 new_object->cache = m->right;
1277 orig_object->cache = m->left;
1278 new_object->cache = m;
1281 while ((m = new_object->cache) != NULL) {
1282 if ((m->pindex - offidxstart) >= new_object->size) {
1284 * Return all of the cached pages with
1285 * offset greater than or equal to the
1286 * new object's size to the original
1289 new_object->cache = m->left;
1290 m->left = orig_object->cache;
1291 orig_object->cache = m;
1294 m_next = vm_page_splay(m->pindex, m->right);
1295 /* Update the page's object and offset. */
1296 m->object = new_object;
1297 m->pindex -= offidxstart;
1302 new_object->cache = m_next;
1304 KASSERT(vm_object_cache_is_empty(new_object) ||
1305 new_object->type == OBJT_SWAP,
1306 ("vm_page_cache_transfer: object %p's type is incompatible"
1307 " with cached pages", new_object));
1309 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1313 * Returns TRUE if a cached page is associated with the given object and
1314 * offset, and FALSE otherwise.
1316 * The object must be locked.
1319 vm_page_is_cached(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1324 * Insertion into an object's collection of cached pages requires the
1325 * object to be locked. Therefore, if the object is locked and the
1326 * object's collection is empty, there is no need to acquire the free
1327 * page queues lock in order to prove that the specified page doesn't
1330 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1331 if (__predict_true(vm_object_cache_is_empty(object)))
1333 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1334 m = vm_page_cache_lookup(object, pindex);
1335 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1342 * Allocate and return a page that is associated with the specified
1343 * object and offset pair. By default, this page has the flag VPO_BUSY
1346 * The caller must always specify an allocation class.
1348 * allocation classes:
1349 * VM_ALLOC_NORMAL normal process request
1350 * VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM system *really* needs a page
1351 * VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT interrupt time request
1353 * optional allocation flags:
1354 * VM_ALLOC_COUNT(number) the number of additional pages that the caller
1355 * intends to allocate
1356 * VM_ALLOC_IFCACHED return page only if it is cached
1357 * VM_ALLOC_IFNOTCACHED return NULL, do not reactivate if the page
1359 * VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY do not set the flag VPO_BUSY on the page
1360 * VM_ALLOC_NODUMP do not include the page in a kernel core dump
1361 * VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ page is not associated with an object and
1362 * should not have the flag VPO_BUSY set
1363 * VM_ALLOC_WIRED wire the allocated page
1364 * VM_ALLOC_ZERO prefer a zeroed page
1366 * This routine may not sleep.
1369 vm_page_alloc(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int req)
1371 struct vnode *vp = NULL;
1372 vm_object_t m_object;
1374 int flags, req_class;
1376 KASSERT((object != NULL) == ((req & VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ) == 0),
1377 ("vm_page_alloc: inconsistent object/req"));
1379 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1381 req_class = req & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK;
1384 * The page daemon is allowed to dig deeper into the free page list.
1386 if (curproc == pageproc && req_class != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
1387 req_class = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
1389 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1390 if (cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > cnt.v_free_reserved ||
1391 (req_class == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM &&
1392 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > cnt.v_interrupt_free_min) ||
1393 (req_class == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT &&
1394 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > 0)) {
1396 * Allocate from the free queue if the number of free pages
1397 * exceeds the minimum for the request class.
1399 if (object != NULL &&
1400 (m = vm_page_cache_lookup(object, pindex)) != NULL) {
1401 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_IFNOTCACHED) != 0) {
1402 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1405 if (vm_phys_unfree_page(m))
1406 vm_phys_set_pool(VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT, m, 0);
1407 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1408 else if (!vm_reserv_reactivate_page(m))
1412 panic("vm_page_alloc: cache page %p is missing"
1413 " from the free queue", m);
1414 } else if ((req & VM_ALLOC_IFCACHED) != 0) {
1415 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1417 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1418 } else if (object == NULL || (object->flags & (OBJ_COLORED |
1419 OBJ_FICTITIOUS)) != OBJ_COLORED ||
1420 (m = vm_reserv_alloc_page(object, pindex)) == NULL) {
1424 m = vm_phys_alloc_pages(object != NULL ?
1425 VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT : VM_FREEPOOL_DIRECT, 0);
1426 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1427 if (m == NULL && vm_reserv_reclaim_inactive()) {
1428 m = vm_phys_alloc_pages(object != NULL ?
1429 VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT : VM_FREEPOOL_DIRECT,
1436 * Not allocatable, give up.
1438 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1439 atomic_add_int(&vm_pageout_deficit,
1440 max((u_int)req >> VM_ALLOC_COUNT_SHIFT, 1));
1441 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1446 * At this point we had better have found a good page.
1448 KASSERT(m != NULL, ("vm_page_alloc: missing page"));
1449 KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
1450 ("vm_page_alloc: page %p has unexpected queue %d", m, m->queue));
1451 KASSERT(m->wire_count == 0, ("vm_page_alloc: page %p is wired", m));
1452 KASSERT(m->hold_count == 0, ("vm_page_alloc: page %p is held", m));
1453 KASSERT(m->busy == 0, ("vm_page_alloc: page %p is busy", m));
1454 KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("vm_page_alloc: page %p is dirty", m));
1455 KASSERT(pmap_page_get_memattr(m) == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
1456 ("vm_page_alloc: page %p has unexpected memattr %d", m,
1457 pmap_page_get_memattr(m)));
1458 if ((m->flags & PG_CACHED) != 0) {
1459 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0,
1460 ("vm_page_alloc: cached page %p is PG_ZERO", m));
1461 KASSERT(m->valid != 0,
1462 ("vm_page_alloc: cached page %p is invalid", m));
1463 if (m->object == object && m->pindex == pindex)
1464 cnt.v_reactivated++;
1467 m_object = m->object;
1468 vm_page_cache_remove(m);
1469 if (m_object->type == OBJT_VNODE &&
1470 vm_object_cache_is_empty(m_object))
1471 vp = m_object->handle;
1473 KASSERT(VM_PAGE_IS_FREE(m),
1474 ("vm_page_alloc: page %p is not free", m));
1475 KASSERT(m->valid == 0,
1476 ("vm_page_alloc: free page %p is valid", m));
1481 * Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited. The PG_CACHED or PG_FREE flag
1482 * must be cleared before the free page queues lock is released.
1485 if (m->flags & PG_ZERO) {
1486 vm_page_zero_count--;
1487 if (req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO)
1490 if (req & VM_ALLOC_NODUMP)
1493 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1495 m->oflags = object == NULL || (object->flags & OBJ_UNMANAGED) != 0 ?
1497 if ((req & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ)) == 0)
1498 m->oflags |= VPO_BUSY;
1499 if (req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) {
1501 * The page lock is not required for wiring a page until that
1502 * page is inserted into the object.
1504 atomic_add_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
1509 if (object != NULL) {
1510 /* Ignore device objects; the pager sets "memattr" for them. */
1511 if (object->memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT &&
1512 (object->flags & OBJ_FICTITIOUS) == 0)
1513 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, object->memattr);
1514 vm_page_insert(m, object, pindex);
1519 * The following call to vdrop() must come after the above call
1520 * to vm_page_insert() in case both affect the same object and
1521 * vnode. Otherwise, the affected vnode's hold count could
1522 * temporarily become zero.
1528 * Don't wakeup too often - wakeup the pageout daemon when
1529 * we would be nearly out of memory.
1531 if (vm_paging_needed())
1532 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1538 * vm_page_alloc_contig:
1540 * Allocate a contiguous set of physical pages of the given size "npages"
1541 * from the free lists. All of the physical pages must be at or above
1542 * the given physical address "low" and below the given physical address
1543 * "high". The given value "alignment" determines the alignment of the
1544 * first physical page in the set. If the given value "boundary" is
1545 * non-zero, then the set of physical pages cannot cross any physical
1546 * address boundary that is a multiple of that value. Both "alignment"
1547 * and "boundary" must be a power of two.
1549 * If the specified memory attribute, "memattr", is VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
1550 * then the memory attribute setting for the physical pages is configured
1551 * to the object's memory attribute setting. Otherwise, the memory
1552 * attribute setting for the physical pages is configured to "memattr",
1553 * overriding the object's memory attribute setting. However, if the
1554 * object's memory attribute setting is not VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT, then the
1555 * memory attribute setting for the physical pages cannot be configured
1556 * to VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT.
1558 * The caller must always specify an allocation class.
1560 * allocation classes:
1561 * VM_ALLOC_NORMAL normal process request
1562 * VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM system *really* needs a page
1563 * VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT interrupt time request
1565 * optional allocation flags:
1566 * VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY do not set the flag VPO_BUSY on the page
1567 * VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ page is not associated with an object and
1568 * should not have the flag VPO_BUSY set
1569 * VM_ALLOC_WIRED wire the allocated page
1570 * VM_ALLOC_ZERO prefer a zeroed page
1572 * This routine may not sleep.
1575 vm_page_alloc_contig(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int req,
1576 u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment,
1577 vm_paddr_t boundary, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1580 vm_page_t deferred_vdrop_list, m, m_ret;
1581 u_int flags, oflags;
1584 KASSERT((object != NULL) == ((req & VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ) == 0),
1585 ("vm_page_alloc_contig: inconsistent object/req"));
1586 if (object != NULL) {
1587 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1588 KASSERT(object->type == OBJT_PHYS,
1589 ("vm_page_alloc_contig: object %p isn't OBJT_PHYS",
1592 KASSERT(npages > 0, ("vm_page_alloc_contig: npages is zero"));
1593 req_class = req & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK;
1596 * The page daemon is allowed to dig deeper into the free page list.
1598 if (curproc == pageproc && req_class != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
1599 req_class = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
1601 deferred_vdrop_list = NULL;
1602 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1603 if (cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count >= npages +
1604 cnt.v_free_reserved || (req_class == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM &&
1605 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count >= npages +
1606 cnt.v_interrupt_free_min) || (req_class == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT &&
1607 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count >= npages)) {
1608 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1610 if (object == NULL || (object->flags & OBJ_COLORED) == 0 ||
1611 (m_ret = vm_reserv_alloc_contig(object, pindex, npages,
1612 low, high, alignment, boundary)) == NULL)
1614 m_ret = vm_phys_alloc_contig(npages, low, high,
1615 alignment, boundary);
1617 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1618 atomic_add_int(&vm_pageout_deficit, npages);
1619 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1623 for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m++) {
1624 drop = vm_page_alloc_init(m);
1627 * Enqueue the vnode for deferred vdrop().
1629 * Once the pages are removed from the free
1630 * page list, "pageq" can be safely abused to
1631 * construct a short-lived list of vnodes.
1633 m->pageq.tqe_prev = (void *)drop;
1634 m->pageq.tqe_next = deferred_vdrop_list;
1635 deferred_vdrop_list = m;
1639 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1640 if (vm_reserv_reclaim_contig(npages, low, high, alignment,
1645 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1650 * Initialize the pages. Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
1653 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0)
1655 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_NODUMP) != 0)
1657 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
1658 atomic_add_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, npages);
1659 oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
1660 if (object != NULL) {
1661 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY) == 0)
1663 if (object->memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT &&
1664 memattr == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
1665 memattr = object->memattr;
1667 for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m++) {
1669 m->flags = (m->flags | PG_NODUMP) & flags;
1670 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
1672 /* Unmanaged pages don't use "act_count". */
1674 if (memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
1675 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
1677 vm_page_insert(m, object, pindex);
1682 while (deferred_vdrop_list != NULL) {
1683 vdrop((struct vnode *)deferred_vdrop_list->pageq.tqe_prev);
1684 deferred_vdrop_list = deferred_vdrop_list->pageq.tqe_next;
1686 if (vm_paging_needed())
1687 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1692 * Initialize a page that has been freshly dequeued from a freelist.
1693 * The caller has to drop the vnode returned, if it is not NULL.
1695 * This function may only be used to initialize unmanaged pages.
1697 * To be called with vm_page_queue_free_mtx held.
1699 static struct vnode *
1700 vm_page_alloc_init(vm_page_t m)
1703 vm_object_t m_object;
1705 KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
1706 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p has unexpected queue %d",
1708 KASSERT(m->wire_count == 0,
1709 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p is wired", m));
1710 KASSERT(m->hold_count == 0,
1711 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p is held", m));
1712 KASSERT(m->busy == 0,
1713 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p is busy", m));
1714 KASSERT(m->dirty == 0,
1715 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p is dirty", m));
1716 KASSERT(pmap_page_get_memattr(m) == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
1717 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p has unexpected memattr %d",
1718 m, pmap_page_get_memattr(m)));
1719 mtx_assert(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx, MA_OWNED);
1721 if ((m->flags & PG_CACHED) != 0) {
1722 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0,
1723 ("vm_page_alloc_init: cached page %p is PG_ZERO", m));
1725 m_object = m->object;
1726 vm_page_cache_remove(m);
1727 if (m_object->type == OBJT_VNODE &&
1728 vm_object_cache_is_empty(m_object))
1729 drop = m_object->handle;
1731 KASSERT(VM_PAGE_IS_FREE(m),
1732 ("vm_page_alloc_init: page %p is not free", m));
1733 KASSERT(m->valid == 0,
1734 ("vm_page_alloc_init: free page %p is valid", m));
1736 if ((m->flags & PG_ZERO) != 0)
1737 vm_page_zero_count--;
1739 /* Don't clear the PG_ZERO flag; we'll need it later. */
1740 m->flags &= PG_ZERO;
1745 * vm_page_alloc_freelist:
1747 * Allocate a physical page from the specified free page list.
1749 * The caller must always specify an allocation class.
1751 * allocation classes:
1752 * VM_ALLOC_NORMAL normal process request
1753 * VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM system *really* needs a page
1754 * VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT interrupt time request
1756 * optional allocation flags:
1757 * VM_ALLOC_COUNT(number) the number of additional pages that the caller
1758 * intends to allocate
1759 * VM_ALLOC_WIRED wire the allocated page
1760 * VM_ALLOC_ZERO prefer a zeroed page
1762 * This routine may not sleep.
1765 vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int req)
1772 req_class = req & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK;
1775 * The page daemon is allowed to dig deeper into the free page list.
1777 if (curproc == pageproc && req_class != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
1778 req_class = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
1781 * Do not allocate reserved pages unless the req has asked for it.
1783 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1784 if (cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > cnt.v_free_reserved ||
1785 (req_class == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM &&
1786 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > cnt.v_interrupt_free_min) ||
1787 (req_class == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT &&
1788 cnt.v_free_count + cnt.v_cache_count > 0))
1789 m = vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(flind, VM_FREEPOOL_DIRECT, 0);
1791 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1792 atomic_add_int(&vm_pageout_deficit,
1793 max((u_int)req >> VM_ALLOC_COUNT_SHIFT, 1));
1794 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1798 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1801 drop = vm_page_alloc_init(m);
1802 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1805 * Initialize the page. Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
1809 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0)
1812 if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0) {
1814 * The page lock is not required for wiring a page that does
1815 * not belong to an object.
1817 atomic_add_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
1820 /* Unmanaged pages don't use "act_count". */
1821 m->oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
1824 if (vm_paging_needed())
1825 pagedaemon_wakeup();
1830 * vm_wait: (also see VM_WAIT macro)
1832 * Sleep until free pages are available for allocation.
1833 * - Called in various places before memory allocations.
1839 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1840 if (curproc == pageproc) {
1841 vm_pageout_pages_needed = 1;
1842 msleep(&vm_pageout_pages_needed, &vm_page_queue_free_mtx,
1843 PDROP | PSWP, "VMWait", 0);
1845 if (!vm_pages_needed) {
1846 vm_pages_needed = 1;
1847 wakeup(&vm_pages_needed);
1849 msleep(&cnt.v_free_count, &vm_page_queue_free_mtx, PDROP | PVM,
1855 * vm_waitpfault: (also see VM_WAITPFAULT macro)
1857 * Sleep until free pages are available for allocation.
1858 * - Called only in vm_fault so that processes page faulting
1859 * can be easily tracked.
1860 * - Sleeps at a lower priority than vm_wait() so that vm_wait()ing
1861 * processes will be able to grab memory first. Do not change
1862 * this balance without careful testing first.
1868 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
1869 if (!vm_pages_needed) {
1870 vm_pages_needed = 1;
1871 wakeup(&vm_pages_needed);
1873 msleep(&cnt.v_free_count, &vm_page_queue_free_mtx, PDROP | PUSER,
1880 * Remove the given page from its current page queue.
1882 * The page must be locked.
1885 vm_page_dequeue(vm_page_t m)
1887 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
1889 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1890 KASSERT(m->queue != PQ_NONE,
1891 ("vm_page_dequeue: page %p is not queued", m));
1892 pq = &vm_pagequeues[m->queue];
1893 vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
1895 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1897 vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
1901 * vm_page_dequeue_locked:
1903 * Remove the given page from its current page queue.
1905 * The page and page queue must be locked.
1908 vm_page_dequeue_locked(vm_page_t m)
1910 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
1912 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1913 pq = &vm_pagequeues[m->queue];
1914 vm_pagequeue_assert_locked(pq);
1916 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1923 * Add the given page to the specified page queue.
1925 * The page must be locked.
1928 vm_page_enqueue(int queue, vm_page_t m)
1930 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
1932 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1933 pq = &vm_pagequeues[queue];
1934 vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
1936 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1938 vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
1944 * Move the given page to the tail of its current page queue.
1946 * The page must be locked.
1949 vm_page_requeue(vm_page_t m)
1951 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
1953 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1954 KASSERT(m->queue != PQ_NONE,
1955 ("vm_page_requeue: page %p is not queued", m));
1956 pq = &vm_pagequeues[m->queue];
1957 vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
1958 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1959 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1960 vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
1964 * vm_page_requeue_locked:
1966 * Move the given page to the tail of its current page queue.
1968 * The page queue must be locked.
1971 vm_page_requeue_locked(vm_page_t m)
1973 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
1975 KASSERT(m->queue != PQ_NONE,
1976 ("vm_page_requeue_locked: page %p is not queued", m));
1977 pq = &vm_pagequeues[m->queue];
1978 vm_pagequeue_assert_locked(pq);
1979 TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1980 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
1986 * Put the specified page on the active list (if appropriate).
1987 * Ensure that act_count is at least ACT_INIT but do not otherwise
1990 * The page must be locked.
1993 vm_page_activate(vm_page_t m)
1997 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1998 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
1999 if ((queue = m->queue) != PQ_ACTIVE) {
2000 if (m->wire_count == 0 && (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
2001 if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
2002 m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
2003 if (queue != PQ_NONE)
2005 vm_page_enqueue(PQ_ACTIVE, m);
2007 KASSERT(queue == PQ_NONE,
2008 ("vm_page_activate: wired page %p is queued", m));
2010 if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
2011 m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
2016 * vm_page_free_wakeup:
2018 * Helper routine for vm_page_free_toq() and vm_page_cache(). This
2019 * routine is called when a page has been added to the cache or free
2022 * The page queues must be locked.
2025 vm_page_free_wakeup(void)
2028 mtx_assert(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx, MA_OWNED);
2030 * if pageout daemon needs pages, then tell it that there are
2033 if (vm_pageout_pages_needed &&
2034 cnt.v_cache_count + cnt.v_free_count >= cnt.v_pageout_free_min) {
2035 wakeup(&vm_pageout_pages_needed);
2036 vm_pageout_pages_needed = 0;
2039 * wakeup processes that are waiting on memory if we hit a
2040 * high water mark. And wakeup scheduler process if we have
2041 * lots of memory. this process will swapin processes.
2043 if (vm_pages_needed && !vm_page_count_min()) {
2044 vm_pages_needed = 0;
2045 wakeup(&cnt.v_free_count);
2052 * Returns the given page to the free list,
2053 * disassociating it with any VM object.
2055 * The object must be locked. The page must be locked if it is managed.
2058 vm_page_free_toq(vm_page_t m)
2061 if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
2062 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2063 KASSERT(!pmap_page_is_mapped(m),
2064 ("vm_page_free_toq: freeing mapped page %p", m));
2066 KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
2067 ("vm_page_free_toq: unmanaged page %p is queued", m));
2068 PCPU_INC(cnt.v_tfree);
2070 if (VM_PAGE_IS_FREE(m))
2071 panic("vm_page_free: freeing free page %p", m);
2072 else if (m->busy != 0)
2073 panic("vm_page_free: freeing busy page %p", m);
2076 * Unqueue, then remove page. Note that we cannot destroy
2077 * the page here because we do not want to call the pager's
2078 * callback routine until after we've put the page on the
2079 * appropriate free queue.
2085 * If fictitious remove object association and
2086 * return, otherwise delay object association removal.
2088 if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
2095 if (m->wire_count != 0)
2096 panic("vm_page_free: freeing wired page %p", m);
2097 if (m->hold_count != 0) {
2098 m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
2099 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) == 0,
2100 ("vm_page_free: freeing PG_UNHOLDFREE page %p", m));
2101 m->flags |= PG_UNHOLDFREE;
2104 * Restore the default memory attribute to the page.
2106 if (pmap_page_get_memattr(m) != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
2107 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
2110 * Insert the page into the physical memory allocator's
2111 * cache/free page queues.
2113 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
2114 m->flags |= PG_FREE;
2116 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2117 if (!vm_reserv_free_page(m))
2121 vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
2122 if ((m->flags & PG_ZERO) != 0)
2123 ++vm_page_zero_count;
2125 vm_page_zero_idle_wakeup();
2126 vm_page_free_wakeup();
2127 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
2134 * Mark this page as wired down by yet
2135 * another map, removing it from paging queues
2138 * If the page is fictitious, then its wire count must remain one.
2140 * The page must be locked.
2143 vm_page_wire(vm_page_t m)
2147 * Only bump the wire statistics if the page is not already wired,
2148 * and only unqueue the page if it is on some queue (if it is unmanaged
2149 * it is already off the queues).
2151 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2152 if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
2153 KASSERT(m->wire_count == 1,
2154 ("vm_page_wire: fictitious page %p's wire count isn't one",
2158 if (m->wire_count == 0) {
2159 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0 ||
2160 m->queue == PQ_NONE,
2161 ("vm_page_wire: unmanaged page %p is queued", m));
2163 atomic_add_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
2166 KASSERT(m->wire_count != 0, ("vm_page_wire: wire_count overflow m=%p", m));
2172 * Release one wiring of the specified page, potentially enabling it to be
2173 * paged again. If paging is enabled, then the value of the parameter
2174 * "activate" determines to which queue the page is added. If "activate" is
2175 * non-zero, then the page is added to the active queue. Otherwise, it is
2176 * added to the inactive queue.
2178 * However, unless the page belongs to an object, it is not enqueued because
2179 * it cannot be paged out.
2181 * If a page is fictitious, then its wire count must alway be one.
2183 * A managed page must be locked.
2186 vm_page_unwire(vm_page_t m, int activate)
2189 if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
2190 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2191 if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
2192 KASSERT(m->wire_count == 1,
2193 ("vm_page_unwire: fictitious page %p's wire count isn't one", m));
2196 if (m->wire_count > 0) {
2198 if (m->wire_count == 0) {
2199 atomic_subtract_int(&cnt.v_wire_count, 1);
2200 if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0 ||
2204 m->flags &= ~PG_WINATCFLS;
2205 vm_page_enqueue(activate ? PQ_ACTIVE : PQ_INACTIVE, m);
2208 panic("vm_page_unwire: page %p's wire count is zero", m);
2212 * Move the specified page to the inactive queue.
2214 * Many pages placed on the inactive queue should actually go
2215 * into the cache, but it is difficult to figure out which. What
2216 * we do instead, if the inactive target is well met, is to put
2217 * clean pages at the head of the inactive queue instead of the tail.
2218 * This will cause them to be moved to the cache more quickly and
2219 * if not actively re-referenced, reclaimed more quickly. If we just
2220 * stick these pages at the end of the inactive queue, heavy filesystem
2221 * meta-data accesses can cause an unnecessary paging load on memory bound
2222 * processes. This optimization causes one-time-use metadata to be
2223 * reused more quickly.
2225 * Normally athead is 0 resulting in LRU operation. athead is set
2226 * to 1 if we want this page to be 'as if it were placed in the cache',
2227 * except without unmapping it from the process address space.
2229 * The page must be locked.
2232 _vm_page_deactivate(vm_page_t m, int athead)
2234 struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
2237 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2240 * Ignore if already inactive.
2242 if ((queue = m->queue) == PQ_INACTIVE)
2244 if (m->wire_count == 0 && (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
2245 if (queue != PQ_NONE)
2247 m->flags &= ~PG_WINATCFLS;
2248 pq = &vm_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE];
2249 vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
2250 m->queue = PQ_INACTIVE;
2252 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
2254 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pq_pl, m, pageq);
2255 cnt.v_inactive_count++;
2256 vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
2261 * Move the specified page to the inactive queue.
2263 * The page must be locked.
2266 vm_page_deactivate(vm_page_t m)
2269 _vm_page_deactivate(m, 0);
2273 * vm_page_try_to_cache:
2275 * Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success
2278 vm_page_try_to_cache(vm_page_t m)
2281 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2282 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2283 if (m->dirty || m->hold_count || m->busy || m->wire_count ||
2284 (m->oflags & (VPO_BUSY | VPO_UNMANAGED)) != 0)
2294 * vm_page_try_to_free()
2296 * Attempt to free the page. If we cannot free it, we do nothing.
2297 * 1 is returned on success, 0 on failure.
2300 vm_page_try_to_free(vm_page_t m)
2303 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2304 if (m->object != NULL)
2305 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2306 if (m->dirty || m->hold_count || m->busy || m->wire_count ||
2307 (m->oflags & (VPO_BUSY | VPO_UNMANAGED)) != 0)
2319 * Put the specified page onto the page cache queue (if appropriate).
2321 * The object and page must be locked.
2324 vm_page_cache(vm_page_t m)
2327 vm_page_t next, prev, root;
2329 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2331 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
2332 if ((m->oflags & (VPO_UNMANAGED | VPO_BUSY)) || m->busy ||
2333 m->hold_count || m->wire_count)
2334 panic("vm_page_cache: attempting to cache busy page");
2335 KASSERT(!pmap_page_is_mapped(m),
2336 ("vm_page_cache: page %p is mapped", m));
2337 KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("vm_page_cache: page %p is dirty", m));
2338 if (m->valid == 0 || object->type == OBJT_DEFAULT ||
2339 (object->type == OBJT_SWAP &&
2340 !vm_pager_has_page(object, m->pindex, NULL, NULL))) {
2342 * Hypothesis: A cache-elgible page belonging to a
2343 * default object or swap object but without a backing
2344 * store must be zero filled.
2349 KASSERT((m->flags & PG_CACHED) == 0,
2350 ("vm_page_cache: page %p is already cached", m));
2351 PCPU_INC(cnt.v_tcached);
2354 * Remove the page from the paging queues.
2359 * Remove the page from the object's collection of resident
2362 if ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq)) != NULL && next->left == m) {
2364 * Since the page's successor in the list is also its parent
2365 * in the tree, its right subtree must be empty.
2367 next->left = m->left;
2368 KASSERT(m->right == NULL,
2369 ("vm_page_cache: page %p has right child", m));
2370 } else if ((prev = TAILQ_PREV(m, pglist, listq)) != NULL &&
2373 * Since the page's predecessor in the list is also its parent
2374 * in the tree, its left subtree must be empty.
2376 KASSERT(m->left == NULL,
2377 ("vm_page_cache: page %p has left child", m));
2378 prev->right = m->right;
2380 if (m != object->root)
2381 vm_page_splay(m->pindex, object->root);
2382 if (m->left == NULL)
2384 else if (m->right == NULL)
2388 * Move the page's successor to the root, because
2389 * pages are usually removed in ascending order.
2391 if (m->right != next)
2392 vm_page_splay(m->pindex, m->right);
2393 next->left = m->left;
2396 object->root = root;
2398 TAILQ_REMOVE(&object->memq, m, listq);
2399 object->resident_page_count--;
2402 * Restore the default memory attribute to the page.
2404 if (pmap_page_get_memattr(m) != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
2405 pmap_page_set_memattr(m, VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
2408 * Insert the page into the object's collection of cached pages
2409 * and the physical memory allocator's cache/free page queues.
2411 m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
2412 mtx_lock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
2413 m->flags |= PG_CACHED;
2414 cnt.v_cache_count++;
2415 root = object->cache;
2420 root = vm_page_splay(m->pindex, root);
2421 if (m->pindex < root->pindex) {
2422 m->left = root->left;
2425 } else if (__predict_false(m->pindex == root->pindex))
2426 panic("vm_page_cache: offset already cached");
2428 m->right = root->right;
2434 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2435 if (!vm_reserv_free_page(m)) {
2439 vm_phys_set_pool(VM_FREEPOOL_CACHE, m, 0);
2440 vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
2442 vm_page_free_wakeup();
2443 mtx_unlock(&vm_page_queue_free_mtx);
2446 * Increment the vnode's hold count if this is the object's only
2447 * cached page. Decrement the vnode's hold count if this was
2448 * the object's only resident page.
2450 if (object->type == OBJT_VNODE) {
2451 if (root == NULL && object->resident_page_count != 0)
2452 vhold(object->handle);
2453 else if (root != NULL && object->resident_page_count == 0)
2454 vdrop(object->handle);
2461 * Cache, deactivate, or do nothing as appropriate. This routine
2462 * is typically used by madvise() MADV_DONTNEED.
2464 * Generally speaking we want to move the page into the cache so
2465 * it gets reused quickly. However, this can result in a silly syndrome
2466 * due to the page recycling too quickly. Small objects will not be
2467 * fully cached. On the otherhand, if we move the page to the inactive
2468 * queue we wind up with a problem whereby very large objects
2469 * unnecessarily blow away our inactive and cache queues.
2471 * The solution is to move the pages based on a fixed weighting. We
2472 * either leave them alone, deactivate them, or move them to the cache,
2473 * where moving them to the cache has the highest weighting.
2474 * By forcing some pages into other queues we eventually force the
2475 * system to balance the queues, potentially recovering other unrelated
2476 * space from active. The idea is to not force this to happen too
2479 * The object and page must be locked.
2482 vm_page_dontneed(vm_page_t m)
2487 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2488 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2489 dnw = PCPU_GET(dnweight);
2493 * Occasionally leave the page alone.
2495 if ((dnw & 0x01F0) == 0 || m->queue == PQ_INACTIVE) {
2496 if (m->act_count >= ACT_INIT)
2502 * Clear any references to the page. Otherwise, the page daemon will
2503 * immediately reactivate the page.
2505 * Perform the pmap_clear_reference() first. Otherwise, a concurrent
2506 * pmap operation, such as pmap_remove(), could clear a reference in
2507 * the pmap and set PGA_REFERENCED on the page before the
2508 * pmap_clear_reference() had completed. Consequently, the page would
2509 * appear referenced based upon an old reference that occurred before
2510 * this function ran.
2512 pmap_clear_reference(m);
2513 vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
2515 if (m->dirty == 0 && pmap_is_modified(m))
2518 if (m->dirty || (dnw & 0x0070) == 0) {
2520 * Deactivate the page 3 times out of 32.
2525 * Cache the page 28 times out of every 32. Note that
2526 * the page is deactivated instead of cached, but placed
2527 * at the head of the queue instead of the tail.
2531 _vm_page_deactivate(m, head);
2535 * Grab a page, waiting until we are waken up due to the page
2536 * changing state. We keep on waiting, if the page continues
2537 * to be in the object. If the page doesn't exist, first allocate it
2538 * and then conditionally zero it.
2540 * The caller must always specify the VM_ALLOC_RETRY flag. This is intended
2541 * to facilitate its eventual removal.
2543 * This routine may sleep.
2545 * The object must be locked on entry. The lock will, however, be released
2546 * and reacquired if the routine sleeps.
2549 vm_page_grab(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int allocflags)
2553 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
2554 KASSERT((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_RETRY) != 0,
2555 ("vm_page_grab: VM_ALLOC_RETRY is required"));
2557 if ((m = vm_page_lookup(object, pindex)) != NULL) {
2558 if ((m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) != 0 ||
2559 ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) == 0 && m->busy != 0)) {
2561 * Reference the page before unlocking and
2562 * sleeping so that the page daemon is less
2563 * likely to reclaim it.
2565 vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
2566 vm_page_sleep(m, "pgrbwt");
2569 if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0) {
2574 if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY) == 0)
2579 m = vm_page_alloc(object, pindex, allocflags & ~(VM_ALLOC_RETRY |
2580 VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY));
2582 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
2584 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
2586 } else if (m->valid != 0)
2588 if (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_ZERO && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
2594 * Mapping function for valid or dirty bits in a page.
2596 * Inputs are required to range within a page.
2599 vm_page_bits(int base, int size)
2605 base + size <= PAGE_SIZE,
2606 ("vm_page_bits: illegal base/size %d/%d", base, size)
2609 if (size == 0) /* handle degenerate case */
2612 first_bit = base >> DEV_BSHIFT;
2613 last_bit = (base + size - 1) >> DEV_BSHIFT;
2615 return (((vm_page_bits_t)2 << last_bit) -
2616 ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << first_bit));
2620 * vm_page_set_valid_range:
2622 * Sets portions of a page valid. The arguments are expected
2623 * to be DEV_BSIZE aligned but if they aren't the bitmap is inclusive
2624 * of any partial chunks touched by the range. The invalid portion of
2625 * such chunks will be zeroed.
2627 * (base + size) must be less then or equal to PAGE_SIZE.
2630 vm_page_set_valid_range(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
2634 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2635 if (size == 0) /* handle degenerate case */
2639 * If the base is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the valid
2640 * bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of the
2643 if ((frag = base & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != base &&
2644 (m->valid & (1 << (base >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
2645 pmap_zero_page_area(m, frag, base - frag);
2648 * If the ending offset is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the
2649 * valid bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of
2652 endoff = base + size;
2653 if ((frag = endoff & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != endoff &&
2654 (m->valid & (1 << (endoff >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
2655 pmap_zero_page_area(m, endoff,
2656 DEV_BSIZE - (endoff & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)));
2659 * Assert that no previously invalid block that is now being validated
2662 KASSERT((~m->valid & vm_page_bits(base, size) & m->dirty) == 0,
2663 ("vm_page_set_valid_range: page %p is dirty", m));
2666 * Set valid bits inclusive of any overlap.
2668 m->valid |= vm_page_bits(base, size);
2672 * Clear the given bits from the specified page's dirty field.
2674 static __inline void
2675 vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(vm_page_t m, vm_page_bits_t pagebits)
2678 #if PAGE_SIZE < 16384
2683 * If the object is locked and the page is neither VPO_BUSY nor
2684 * write mapped, then the page's dirty field cannot possibly be
2685 * set by a concurrent pmap operation.
2687 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2688 if ((m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) == 0 && !pmap_page_is_write_mapped(m))
2689 m->dirty &= ~pagebits;
2692 * The pmap layer can call vm_page_dirty() without
2693 * holding a distinguished lock. The combination of
2694 * the object's lock and an atomic operation suffice
2695 * to guarantee consistency of the page dirty field.
2697 * For PAGE_SIZE == 32768 case, compiler already
2698 * properly aligns the dirty field, so no forcible
2699 * alignment is needed. Only require existence of
2700 * atomic_clear_64 when page size is 32768.
2702 addr = (uintptr_t)&m->dirty;
2703 #if PAGE_SIZE == 32768
2704 atomic_clear_64((uint64_t *)addr, pagebits);
2705 #elif PAGE_SIZE == 16384
2706 atomic_clear_32((uint32_t *)addr, pagebits);
2707 #else /* PAGE_SIZE <= 8192 */
2709 * Use a trick to perform a 32-bit atomic on the
2710 * containing aligned word, to not depend on the existence
2711 * of atomic_clear_{8, 16}.
2713 shift = addr & (sizeof(uint32_t) - 1);
2714 #if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
2715 shift = (sizeof(uint32_t) - sizeof(m->dirty) - shift) * NBBY;
2719 addr &= ~(sizeof(uint32_t) - 1);
2720 atomic_clear_32((uint32_t *)addr, pagebits << shift);
2721 #endif /* PAGE_SIZE */
2726 * vm_page_set_validclean:
2728 * Sets portions of a page valid and clean. The arguments are expected
2729 * to be DEV_BSIZE aligned but if they aren't the bitmap is inclusive
2730 * of any partial chunks touched by the range. The invalid portion of
2731 * such chunks will be zero'd.
2733 * (base + size) must be less then or equal to PAGE_SIZE.
2736 vm_page_set_validclean(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
2738 vm_page_bits_t oldvalid, pagebits;
2741 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2742 if (size == 0) /* handle degenerate case */
2746 * If the base is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the valid
2747 * bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of the
2750 if ((frag = base & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != base &&
2751 (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << (base >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
2752 pmap_zero_page_area(m, frag, base - frag);
2755 * If the ending offset is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the
2756 * valid bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of
2759 endoff = base + size;
2760 if ((frag = endoff & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != endoff &&
2761 (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << (endoff >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
2762 pmap_zero_page_area(m, endoff,
2763 DEV_BSIZE - (endoff & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)));
2766 * Set valid, clear dirty bits. If validating the entire
2767 * page we can safely clear the pmap modify bit. We also
2768 * use this opportunity to clear the VPO_NOSYNC flag. If a process
2769 * takes a write fault on a MAP_NOSYNC memory area the flag will
2772 * We set valid bits inclusive of any overlap, but we can only
2773 * clear dirty bits for DEV_BSIZE chunks that are fully within
2776 oldvalid = m->valid;
2777 pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
2778 m->valid |= pagebits;
2780 if ((frag = base & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != 0) {
2781 frag = DEV_BSIZE - frag;
2787 pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size & (DEV_BSIZE - 1));
2789 if (base == 0 && size == PAGE_SIZE) {
2791 * The page can only be modified within the pmap if it is
2792 * mapped, and it can only be mapped if it was previously
2795 if (oldvalid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
2797 * Perform the pmap_clear_modify() first. Otherwise,
2798 * a concurrent pmap operation, such as
2799 * pmap_protect(), could clear a modification in the
2800 * pmap and set the dirty field on the page before
2801 * pmap_clear_modify() had begun and after the dirty
2802 * field was cleared here.
2804 pmap_clear_modify(m);
2806 m->oflags &= ~VPO_NOSYNC;
2807 } else if (oldvalid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
2808 m->dirty &= ~pagebits;
2810 vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(m, pagebits);
2814 vm_page_clear_dirty(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
2817 vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(m, vm_page_bits(base, size));
2821 * vm_page_set_invalid:
2823 * Invalidates DEV_BSIZE'd chunks within a page. Both the
2824 * valid and dirty bits for the effected areas are cleared.
2827 vm_page_set_invalid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
2829 vm_page_bits_t bits;
2831 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2832 KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) == 0,
2833 ("vm_page_set_invalid: page %p is busy", m));
2834 bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
2835 if (m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL && bits != 0)
2837 KASSERT(!pmap_page_is_mapped(m),
2838 ("vm_page_set_invalid: page %p is mapped", m));
2844 * vm_page_zero_invalid()
2846 * The kernel assumes that the invalid portions of a page contain
2847 * garbage, but such pages can be mapped into memory by user code.
2848 * When this occurs, we must zero out the non-valid portions of the
2849 * page so user code sees what it expects.
2851 * Pages are most often semi-valid when the end of a file is mapped
2852 * into memory and the file's size is not page aligned.
2855 vm_page_zero_invalid(vm_page_t m, boolean_t setvalid)
2860 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2862 * Scan the valid bits looking for invalid sections that
2863 * must be zerod. Invalid sub-DEV_BSIZE'd areas ( where the
2864 * valid bit may be set ) have already been zerod by
2865 * vm_page_set_validclean().
2867 for (b = i = 0; i <= PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE; ++i) {
2868 if (i == (PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE) ||
2869 (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << i))) {
2871 pmap_zero_page_area(m,
2872 b << DEV_BSHIFT, (i - b) << DEV_BSHIFT);
2879 * setvalid is TRUE when we can safely set the zero'd areas
2880 * as being valid. We can do this if there are no cache consistancy
2881 * issues. e.g. it is ok to do with UFS, but not ok to do with NFS.
2884 m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
2890 * Is (partial) page valid? Note that the case where size == 0
2891 * will return FALSE in the degenerate case where the page is
2892 * entirely invalid, and TRUE otherwise.
2895 vm_page_is_valid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
2897 vm_page_bits_t bits;
2899 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2900 bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
2901 if (m->valid && ((m->valid & bits) == bits))
2908 * Set the page's dirty bits if the page is modified.
2911 vm_page_test_dirty(vm_page_t m)
2914 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
2915 if (m->dirty != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL && pmap_is_modified(m))
2920 vm_page_lock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
2923 mtx_lock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line);
2927 vm_page_unlock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
2930 mtx_unlock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line);
2934 vm_page_trylock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
2937 return (mtx_trylock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line));
2940 #if defined(INVARIANTS) || defined(INVARIANT_SUPPORT)
2942 vm_page_lock_assert_KBI(vm_page_t m, int a, const char *file, int line)
2945 mtx_assert_(vm_page_lockptr(m), a, file, line);
2949 int so_zerocp_fullpage = 0;
2952 * Replace the given page with a copy. The copied page assumes
2953 * the portion of the given page's "wire_count" that is not the
2954 * responsibility of this copy-on-write mechanism.
2956 * The object containing the given page must have a non-zero
2957 * paging-in-progress count and be locked.
2960 vm_page_cowfault(vm_page_t m)
2966 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
2968 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
2969 KASSERT(object->paging_in_progress != 0,
2970 ("vm_page_cowfault: object %p's paging-in-progress count is zero.",
2977 mnew = vm_page_alloc(object, pindex, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY);
2979 vm_page_insert(m, object, pindex);
2981 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
2983 VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
2984 if (m == vm_page_lookup(object, pindex)) {
2989 * Page disappeared during the wait.
2997 * check to see if we raced with an xmit complete when
2998 * waiting to allocate a page. If so, put things back
3004 vm_page_unlock(mnew);
3005 vm_page_insert(m, object, pindex);
3006 } else { /* clear COW & copy page */
3007 if (!so_zerocp_fullpage)
3008 pmap_copy_page(m, mnew);
3009 mnew->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
3010 vm_page_dirty(mnew);
3011 mnew->wire_count = m->wire_count - m->cow;
3012 m->wire_count = m->cow;
3018 vm_page_cowclear(vm_page_t m)
3021 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
3025 * let vm_fault add back write permission lazily
3029 * sf_buf_free() will free the page, so we needn't do it here
3034 vm_page_cowsetup(vm_page_t m)
3037 vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
3038 if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0 ||
3039 (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0 ||
3040 m->cow == USHRT_MAX - 1 || !VM_OBJECT_TRYWLOCK(m->object))
3043 pmap_remove_write(m);
3044 VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(m->object);
3050 vm_page_object_lock_assert(vm_page_t m)
3054 * Certain of the page's fields may only be modified by the
3055 * holder of the containing object's lock or the setter of the
3056 * page's VPO_BUSY flag. Unfortunately, the setter of the
3057 * VPO_BUSY flag is not recorded, and thus cannot be checked
3060 if (m->object != NULL && (m->oflags & VPO_BUSY) == 0)
3061 VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
3065 #include "opt_ddb.h"
3067 #include <sys/kernel.h>
3069 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
3071 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(page, vm_page_print_page_info)
3073 db_printf("cnt.v_free_count: %d\n", cnt.v_free_count);
3074 db_printf("cnt.v_cache_count: %d\n", cnt.v_cache_count);
3075 db_printf("cnt.v_inactive_count: %d\n", cnt.v_inactive_count);
3076 db_printf("cnt.v_active_count: %d\n", cnt.v_active_count);
3077 db_printf("cnt.v_wire_count: %d\n", cnt.v_wire_count);
3078 db_printf("cnt.v_free_reserved: %d\n", cnt.v_free_reserved);
3079 db_printf("cnt.v_free_min: %d\n", cnt.v_free_min);
3080 db_printf("cnt.v_free_target: %d\n", cnt.v_free_target);
3081 db_printf("cnt.v_cache_min: %d\n", cnt.v_cache_min);
3082 db_printf("cnt.v_inactive_target: %d\n", cnt.v_inactive_target);
3085 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pageq, vm_page_print_pageq_info)
3088 db_printf("PQ_FREE:");
3089 db_printf(" %d", cnt.v_free_count);
3092 db_printf("PQ_CACHE:");
3093 db_printf(" %d", cnt.v_cache_count);
3096 db_printf("PQ_ACTIVE: %d, PQ_INACTIVE: %d\n",
3097 *vm_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_cnt,
3098 *vm_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE].pq_cnt);